藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对大鼠肝脏胆固醇的作用

目的:探讨藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠降肝脏胆固醇的作用。方法:根据大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)水平分组,高脂模型组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组饲喂高脂饲料,对照组饲喂基础饲料。试验Ⅰ组灌胃脱脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂,试验Ⅱ组灌胃全脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂,对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水,连续8周。结果:藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对大鼠的体重、心重、心系数、肾重和肾系数无影响,而对肝重和肝系数有极显著的降低作用(p0.01);试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组大鼠抗动脉硬化指数(AAI)极显著高于高脂模型组(p0.01),而动脉硬化指数(AI)分别极显著低于高脂模型组(p0.01);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组与高脂模型组相比,对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏的TC、TG含量有极显著的降低功效(P0.01),而对HDL-C含量有极显著的升高作用(P0.01);试验Ⅰ组的降胆固醇效果优于试验Ⅱ组。结论:藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠有显著的降肝脏胆固醇作用及抗动脉粥样硬化效果,并对肝脏有保护作用。     

藏灵菇源克鲁维酵母菌M3调节大鼠肠道菌群平衡的研究

利用从藏灵菇中筛选出的发酵性能优良且产胆盐水解酶的马克斯克鲁维酵母菌M3菌株,制备冻干菌粉作为受试物进行动物实验,探讨其对预防性高胆固醇血症大鼠肠道菌群平衡的作用。采用预防高胆固醇血症大鼠模型,将40 只无特定病原体（specific pathogen free,SPF）级3 周龄的大鼠分为高脂模型组、低剂量、中剂量和高剂量实验组进行实验。实验组分别灌胃低、中、高剂量的受试物,高脂模型组灌胃蒸馏水,连续7 周。结果表明,前5 周4 组大鼠粪便中乳酸杆菌（lactobacilli）、沙门氏菌（Salmonella）、产气荚膜梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）的数量处于平缓变化状态,且3 个实验组与高脂模型组相比无显著性差异;5 周时,3 个实验组大鼠粪便中乳杆菌的数量极显著高于高脂模型组（P＜0.01）,沙门氏菌的数量极显著低于高脂模型组（P＜0.01）,产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著低于高脂模型组（P＜0.05）;其中低剂量组的乳杆菌数量最高而沙门氏菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量最低,说明低剂量实验组优于中、高剂量实验组。显示藏灵菇源克鲁维酵母菌M3能够调节高胆固醇血症大鼠肠道有益菌的生长,并抑制有害菌的繁殖,具有良好的调节肠道菌群平衡的效果。     

藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的:探讨藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠的抗氧化相关酶及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的影响。方法:采用预防性大鼠脂质代谢紊乱模型,将试验大鼠分成基础对照组、高脂模型组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。其中高脂模型组和试验组饲喂高脂饲料,试验Ⅰ组灌胃脱脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂,试验Ⅱ组灌胃全脂酸奶复合菌发酵剂。结果:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组与高脂模型组相比,可极显著(p0.01)地降低高胆固醇血症大鼠血清和肝组织中的MDA含量。试验Ⅰ组大鼠的SOD、GSH-PX和T-AOC活性极显著(p0.01)升高。试验组肝组织切片脂滴堆积量比模型组减少,病理检查结果表明有明显的保肝作用。试验Ⅰ组的抗氧化活性、抑制肝硬化及脂肪肝效果优于试验Ⅱ组。结论:藏灵菇源酸奶复合菌发酵剂具有较强的抗氧化和预防动脉粥样硬化作用。     

苦荞蛋白对肠道有害菌生长抑制机理研究

本文以水溶性苦荞蛋白为研究对象,利用体外模拟发酵,通过对苦荞蛋白作用下小鼠粪便发酵液中p H、短链脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸)的含量以及有害菌(肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌)的数量进行测定,对苦荞蛋白抑制肠道有害菌群生长机理进行了初步研究。结果表明:添加不同浓度的苦荞蛋白与对照组相比,均可以有效降低有害菌的数量,其中高剂量组分别使肠球菌、肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌减少了65%、72%和78%(32 h);同时,不同剂量组的苦荞蛋白使小鼠粪便发酵液p H分别下降了35%、39%、40%(32 h)。此外,高剂量组的苦荞蛋白较对照组分别使乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及乳酸的浓度增加了8.94、33.77、27.34、25.55倍(32 h)。综上所述,苦荞蛋白能够提高肠道中短链脂肪酸含量,从而降低肠道环境的p H,抑制肠道有害菌(肠球菌、肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌)的生长。     

双歧杆菌RH 菌株不同处理物修复肠道菌群平衡失调的研究

为探讨双歧杆菌RH 菌株对肠道菌群平衡失调的修复功能,本研究通过动物实验,考察双歧杆菌活菌(LB)、菌体破碎物(CE)及发酵上清液(FS)3 种处理物灌胃由抗生素造成的菌群失调模型小鼠后对其肠道内双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌和拟杆菌6 大类主要菌群的影响。结果显示：3 种处理物均可使小鼠肠道内双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量极显著增加(P ＜ 0.01),产气荚膜梭菌和肠球菌数量显著降低(P ＜ 0.05 和P ＜ 0.01),并能使肠杆菌和拟杆菌数量恢复至正常水平,说明该双歧杆菌LB、CE 和FS 均可起到修复、调节小鼠肠道微生态平衡的作用。     

双歧杆菌BBMN01对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

本实验研究双歧杆菌菌株BBMN01对小鼠肠道菌群的影响.实验动物灌胃108CFU/ml双歧杆菌BBMN01活菌液0.2ml,以小鼠粪便中的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌数量为检测指标,研究给予样品后不同时间内小鼠肠道菌群的变化.结果表明,小鼠连续灌胃双歧杆菌BBMN01菌液14d,对肠道微生物菌群有一定的调节作用,灌胃结束7d后,各指标菌数量回复到灌胃前水平.     

植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ对小鼠肠道菌群的调节

以小鼠粪便中的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌数量为检测指标,比较了灌胃含有植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ活菌量6×107,6×108,6×109mL-1的脱脂奶液对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节效果,有效剂量为6×108mL-1。灌胃108mL-1活菌15d,停止灌胃3～5d后仍具有显著效果,5～7d后各项指标菌的量回复到灌胃前水平。     

不同植物蛋白质对大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的:以酪蛋白为参照,观察麦绿素、大豆蛋白和花生蛋白等3种植物蛋白质对生长期大鼠肠道菌群结构的影响。方法:生长期雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂含20%酪蛋白(酪蛋白组)、14%酪蛋白加6%麦绿素(麦绿素组)、20%大豆蛋白(大豆蛋白组)和20%花生蛋白(花生蛋白组)的人工半合成饲料,28d时连续收集7d的粪便,测干、湿质量,35d后经直肠取粪检测5种肠道常见菌群的数量。结果:3种植物蛋白组平均日排出粪便量均显著高于对照组;花生蛋白组日排出粪便湿重、粪便干重和粪便含水率均显著高于其它3组;花生蛋白组双歧杆菌数量显著增加,肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌数量显著减少,B/E值大幅上升。大豆蛋白组肠杆菌和肠球菌数量显著增加,B/E值显著降低。麦绿素组大鼠肠道菌群结构与酪蛋白组无显著差异,不同来源的蛋白质对乳杆菌数量影响不大。结论:花生蛋白对双歧杆菌有增殖效果,对大鼠肠道菌群有很好的调节作用。     

凝固型苦荞酸奶对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

通过动物实验,利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法、气相色谱-质谱、Illumina高通量测序技术,对小鼠肠道菌群数量和种类,以及主要代谢产物——短链脂肪酸（乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸）的含量进行分析,探究凝固型苦荞酸奶对小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。结果表明：与对照组相比,凝固型苦荞酸奶使肠道中3 种有益菌（乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、柔嫩梭菌）的数量分别增加了523.81、911.01、12.18 倍,3 种有害菌（肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌）的数量分别减少了99.89%、97.31%、99.02%。同时,凝固型苦荞酸奶组小鼠粪便中的乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、乳酸的含量分别增加了36.87%、75.59%、56.26%、92.36%,且效果优于普通酸奶组。高通量测序结果表明,凝固型苦荞酸奶较普通酸奶可以显著增加小鼠肠道菌群多样性,在门水平上显著降低厚壁菌门和疣微菌门的丰度,显著提高拟杆菌门的丰度（P＜0.05）;且在属水平上显著提高norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group、Faecalibaculum菌属的相对丰度,显著降低Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014、unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae、Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006菌属的相对丰度（P＜0.05）,提高肠道菌群优势菌属的地位。综上所述,凝固型苦荞酸奶相较于普通酸奶,可以更好地促进小鼠肠道内有益菌的增殖并抑制有害菌的增殖,促进短链脂肪酸的生成,增加肠道菌群多样性,优化菌群结构。     

高脂饮食对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

探讨高脂饮食对健康小鼠肠道菌群的影响。正常对照组饲喂普通饲料,高脂组饲喂高脂饲料。实验期间每周利用传统培养法和荧光原位杂交(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)技术对小鼠进行肠道微生物菌群结构信息的分析。结果表明：高脂组的小鼠体质量与正常对照组相比显著增加(P＜0.01),呈明显肥胖态;传统培养法与FISH技术得到的肠道菌群数量变化趋势一致,但FISH技术检测得到的菌落数要明显地高于传统培养法。高脂组小鼠肠道中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌及肠球菌的数量显著降低,与正常对照组相比差异极显著(P＜0.01);而肠道中肠杆菌的数量呈上升趋势,与正常对照组相比差异显著(P ＜0.05)。提示高脂饮食能显著改变健康小鼠肠道菌群的结构从而引发慢性低度炎症,并可能进一步诱导肥胖的产生。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press