不锈钢及其镀膜复合材料气相氢渗透研究

叙述了全金属超高真空气相氢渗透装置和HR－1超低碳不锈钢镀膜复合材料的研制，以及氢通过不锈钢基体及其镀膜复合材料的气相氢渗透实验．实验表明，镀膜复合材料的氢渗透率比基体材料降低二个量级以上。     

二次离子质谱在HL—1M聚变装置中的应用

将ＬＡＳ－２０００型二次离子质谱仪改成研究第一壁材料及其涂层、新材料性能的重要实验设备。在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置设计、安装和物理实验过程中，用该设备对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置真空室用ＡＩＳＩ３０４Ｌ不锈钢、第一壁用ＳＭＦ－８００石墨材料及ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置原位硼化、硅化涂层和ＳｉＣ等涂层材料的真空热解释性能、吸氢性能和化学溅射性能进行了实验研究，并对装置主抽气扁管内壁的清洁度进行了监测。实验证明了原位硼化、硅化和锂涂层     

HT—7超导托卡马克真空系统和真空调试实验

本文介绍了ＨＴ－７超导托卡马克装置的真空抽充气系统，质谱分析和真空测量系统。给出ＨＴ－７装置真空调试过程中的真空密封、检漏排漏、漏气率放气率和极限真空及质谱分析和放电清洗的实验结果，对有关问题进行了讨论。     

冷加工对氢在纯 Ni 中渗透和扩散行为的影响

本工作采用超高真空气相氢渗透技术,在140—400℃温度范围内,测定了氢在纯 Ni(不同冷变形量)中的渗透率、扩散系数和溶解度常数,研究了冷加工对氢渗透和扩散行为的影响。结果指出,在实验温度范围内,氢在纯 Ni 中的渗透率和扩散系数均遵循 Arrhenius 方程,纯 Ni 的冷加工对氢渗透和扩散行为没有明显影响。     

超高真空气相氢渗透装置的研制与应用

本文叙述了一种测量金属中氢渗透率、扩散系数和溶解度的装置,这是一套由不锈钢制做的并配有四极质谱仪的超高真空系统。此装置具有很高的测量灵敏度、准确度和稳定性。金属试样用双金丝圈密封于样品室内,这种密封方法比文献中已报导的其他密封方法更加方便和可靠。用此装置在60～450℃温度范围内,测定了氢在α-Fe、4340钢和316L奥氏体不锈钢中的渗透率、扩散系数和溶解度常数,并给出了这些参数与温度关系的Arrhenius方程。     

残气质谱分析在LAS—2000上的应用

详尽地探讨高真空及超高真空中的残余气体的质谱分析方法。运用这些方法在ＬＡＳ－２０００二次离子质谱仪上进行了应用研究。精确地分析了ＬＡＳ－２０００的本底真空，发现其超高真空中含有较多的碳氢化合物，这些碳氢化学物主要影响氢（氘）轰击石墨的化学腐蚀研究的结果分析。     

激光—分子束—表面散射装置的研制

介绍自自设计和加工的激光－分子分子束－表面散射装置，并对超高真空转动密封结构作了详细描述。差发泵浦的超音速分子束对准样品中心，射入超高真空主室，样品架安放在主室中央，四极质谱检测器可绕样品转动，用来测量表面散射分子的平动能及角分布。三个石英窗口作为激光窗口。可用ＬＩＦ或ＭＰＩ方法来测量表面散射分子的内能态分布，也可用于研究表面光化学。最后给出了分子束发射角及室时ＣＨ２Ｉ２在Ａｇ（１１０）表面用３０     

二次离子质谱在HL—1M聚变装置中的应用

将ＬＡＳ－２０００二次离子质谱仪改成研究第一壁材料及其涂层，新材料性能的重要实验设备。在ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置设计，安装和物理实验过程中，我们用该设备对ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置真空室用ＡＩＳＩ３０４Ｌ不锈钢，第一壁用ＳＭＦ－８００石墨材料及ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置原位硼化，硅化涂层和ＳｉＣ等涂层材料的真空热解释性能，吸氧性能和化学溅射性能以进行了实验研究，并对装置主轴气扁管内壁的清洁度进行了监测。实验证明了原位硼化，硅化和锂     

圆环面密封超高真空法兰

托卡马克型受控聚变装置的环形真空室需要这样的金丝密封的超高真空法兰,其密封圈处在一个圆环面上,利用法兰受力后的形变来均匀压缩密封圈,以达到超高真空密封要求,称为圆环面密封超高真空法兰。本文对这一法兰设计的力学方面看作一维问题,用材料力学的方法来处理,得到了关于作用力分布的一般的积分方程式,并利用试探解的方法,说明存在着能使密封圈充分均匀压缩的近似解,因而说明这样的法兰是能够实现的。     

银丝的真空密封性能研究

研究的对象是用于超高真空密封的银丝。通过实验先得出银丝的热处理工艺和其硬度的关系，然后选择几种典型的热处理工艺（对应几种典型的硬度数值）处理银丝，再用这几组银丝进行密封性能实验，根据实验结果分析用于密封的银丝的最佳热处理工艺，并提出合理的解释。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to