N-苯基-3-氯-6-(3,5-二甲基-1-吡唑基)吡啶-2-甲酰胺及3-氯-6-(3,5-二甲基-1-吡唑基)吡啶-2-甲酸的合成和表征

以3,6-二氯吡啶-2-甲酸为原料经过酰胺化、肼取代、环合、水解等反应合成了标题化合物,并通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征.     

3,5-二甲基-4-重氮吡唑的合成

以戊二酮和水合肼为起始原料,经过缩合环化、硝化、还原和重氮化4步反应合成了标题化合物,总收率57%。通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱和元素分析等手段确定了其结构,通过结构分析和电子相互作用原理解释了标题化合物在常温下稳定存在的原因。     

2-(1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-烯基)丙二腈的合成和表征

以硫代氨基脲为初始反应物,经过缩合、环化、甲基化和再次缩合4步反应设计、合成了未见文献报道的标题化合物,并利用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析对产物结构进行了表征;研究了影响标题化合物合成收率的因素,确定反应的最佳条件为:以乙醇为溶剂,n(3-甲巯基-1,2,4-三唑)∶n(丙二腈)=1∶1.2,反应时间为3 h,收率可达45.68%;同时,对目标化合物的热分解性质进行了研究。     

2,2-二甲氧基乙醇的合成

以甘油、丙酮为起始原料,经羟基保护、去丙酮叉、缩醛化、催化氢化5步反应合成了标题化合物,总收率22%,其结构经过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱确证.与文献相比,反应条件温和,操作简便.     

3,6-二碘代-9-(4-甲基苯基)咔唑的合成

以咔唑为原料,通过Ullmann反应、碘代反应合成标题化合物,并对反应条件进行了优化选择.所得产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱表征.     

两种含二苯膦基二茂铁酮亚胺席夫碱的合成与表征

以二茂铁、醋酸酐和苯甲酰氯为原料,经过傅克反应和酮胺缩合等反应,合成了标题化合物.讨论了催化剂、溶剂、反应时间和投料计量比对目标产物收率的影响.通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱与碳谱、质谱及元素分析对产物的结构进行了表征,并研究了其电化学性质.     

2-乙氧基噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物的合成及晶体结构

以膦亚胺为原料,通过氮杂Wittig反应,经醇钠催化关环合成了标题化合物。目标产物的结构经过了核磁共振氢谱、质谱的表征,同时对标题化合物进行了晶体结构表征。晶体结构分析表明,两个噻吩并嘧啶分子通过分子间的C—H…O氢键连接,形成了一个R22(14)二聚体。     

4,6-二氯-3-醛基香豆素的合成与表征

以4-氯苯酚为原料,经过乙酰化、Fries重排、缩合和Vilsmeier反应合成得到标题化合物,总收率为58%。通过熔点、红外光谱、和质谱表征确定了化合物结构。该方法具有原料来源方便,操作简单等优点。     

偕胺肟基化合物的合成及表征

以盐酸羟胺和氰基化合物为原料,设计、合成了标题化合物.利用红外光谱、核磁共振(H谱、C谱)、元素分析、质谱等方法确定了标题化合物的结构,优化了标题化合物的合成条件.     

舒马曲坦的合成

完成了一种合成标题化合物的新方法,该方法以N-甲基-4-硝基苯甲磺酰胺为起始原料,经过还原、取代、缩合、环合等5步反应得标题化合物。标题化合物结构经过1HNMR、MS等分析测试技术的确证。该路线具反应条件温和、选择性高和环境友好等特点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。