外源抗氧化剂7-(4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮及其意外乙酰化产物的合成

7-溴乙氧基黄酮与3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫醇类化合物缩合反应得到7-(4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮,为了增加其脂溶性,将该类化合物进一步与乙酸酐回流反应12 h,得到的化合物不是预期的7-(3-取代-4-乙酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮衍生物,而是7-[3-取代-4-(2-乙酰氧基)-乙亚氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-]硫乙氧基黄酮,分别用红外、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱、质谱和元素分析对这4个乙酰化产物的结构进行了确证。以清除超氧自由基、羟自由基、亚硝基自由基和2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰基自由基的活性及总还原能力为指标,测定比较了4个7-(3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮化合物及其意外乙酰化产物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,在测定浓度下,乙酰化衍生物7-[3-对甲氧苯基-4-(2-乙酰氧基)-乙亚氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-]硫乙氧基黄酮较其前体抗氧化活性强。     

含三唑氮杂环结构的黄酮类外源抗氧化剂的合成与分析

7-溴乙氧基黄酮与3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫醇类化合物缩合反应得到7-(3-取代-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑-5-)硫乙氧基黄酮,该类化合物进一步与乙酸酐反应得到其乙酰化衍生物,共设计合成了8个含N-取代三唑杂环结构的黄酮衍生物,分别用红外(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(~1H NMR)及碳谱(~(13)C NMR)、质谱(ESI-MS)、元素分析(EA)对化合物的结构进行了确证。测定了这些化合物抗氧化活性,包括清除超氧自由基(O_2~-·)、羟自由基(·OH)、亚硝基自由基(NO_2·)和2,2-二苯基-1-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的活性及总还原能力。结果表明,在0.5mg/mL质量浓度时,多数化合物具有抗氧化活性,但均弱于对照芦丁和维生素C的抗氧化作用。     

1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮的合成

在碳酸钾碱性条件下,以2-溴-1-(4-氟-苯基)乙酮■为起始原料,与1,2,4-三唑■发生亲核取代反应,合成得到目标化合物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮■和副产物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)乙酮■,产物结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征确证。优化的反应条件为：物料比■、反应溶剂为乙腈、反应温度为25℃、反应时间4 h,在该条件下,产物的收率达62.6%(以■计)。     

2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮的合成及其抑菌活性研究

通过Gewald反应合成噻吩衍生物,再由噻吩衍生物、对氟苯基异氰酸酯分别与甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇经串联aza-Wittig反应合成了3个新型的2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮,经1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征了其结构,并初步测定了合成化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10-5g·L-1时,3种化合物对常见农作物菌种均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对水稻纹枯菌的抑制率达90%。     

6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺的合成及工艺优化研究

以5-溴-2-氟吡啶为起始原料,经取代、成环、偶联反应,合成医药中间体6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺,其结构经氢谱、碳谱和高分辨质谱进行结构表征证实。考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比、溶剂配比、催化剂用量等因素对目标产物收率的影响,结果表明：化合物6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺合成的最佳工艺条件为：温度40 ℃,时间15 min;化合物6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3,a]吡啶-3-胺合成的最佳工艺条件为：溶剂V（水）：V（二氧六环）=1.0：2.0,反应物物质的量比n（6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺）：n（苯硼酸）=1.0：1.2,催化剂用量n（6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺）： n（（Pd(pph3)2Cl2）=1.0：0.1,温度80 ℃。三步反应最终总收率为60%。     

4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素及其衍生物的抗氧化性能

以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,合成了4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素(Ⅰ),再经酯化得到4-甲基-7-乙酰氧基香豆素(Ⅱ);采用2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐(AAPH)、HO·、Cu~(2+)/还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)自由基氧化DNA的反应体系对化合物的抗氧化活性进行了测试;通过淬灭2,2'-偶氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(ABTS+·)、二苯苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH·)、2,6-二叔丁基-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-氧代-2,5-环己二烯)-对-甲苯氧(galvinoxyl)自由基体系探索了化合物还原自由基的能力,进而探究了羟基对香豆素抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:在抑制AAPH引发的DNA氧化反应体系中,每个化合物Ⅰ能够捕获1.61个自由基,而化合物Ⅱ不能捕获自由基;在抑制HO·和GS·引发的DNA氧化反应体系中,化合物Ⅰ相对空白硫代巴比妥酸活性物质(TBARS)吸光度分别为76.5%和64.1%,化合物Ⅱ相对空白TBARS吸光度分别为87.1%和81.7%;化合物Ⅰ能够捕获ABTS+·、DPPH·、galvinoxyl自由基,而化合物Ⅱ仅能够捕获ABTS+·和DPPH·两种自由基;化合物Ⅰ抑制自由基引发的DNA氧化反应活性和捕获自由基能力均优于化合物Ⅱ,是一种潜在的抗氧化剂。     

2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

以自制2-氨基-4-甲基-5-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-噻吩-3-甲酸乙酯、三苯基膦、芳基异氰酸酯、伯醇为原料,合成了6种新型的2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮衍生物,其结构经~1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征,并用6种常见农作物病菌对目标化合物的抑菌活性进行了测试。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10~(-5)g·L~(-1)时,目标化合物均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氯苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌率达到75%。     

含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以二茂铁为起始原料,通过一系列反应合成二茂铁二甲酰氯中间体;以酸或者苯氧乙酸为起始原料,合成中间体1,2,4-三唑化合物,最后二茂铁二甲酰氯与1,2,4-三唑化合物反应,生成含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物。通过1H-NMR、FT-IR及ESI-HRMS进行了目标化合物结构的表征;最后,将合成的目标化合物分别对小麦赤霉病、马铃薯干腐病、烟草赤星病和西瓜枯萎病进行了初步的抗植物真菌活性试验,测试结果显示,部分化合物表现出较好的抗植物真菌活性。     

6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3a]吡啶-3-胺的合成及工艺优化

以5-溴-2-氟吡啶为原料,经取代、成环、偶联反应,合成了医药中间体6-苯基-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺(Ⅳ),利用1HNMR、13CNMR和高分辨质谱对其结构进行了表征。对中间体6-溴-[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡啶-3-胺(Ⅲ)的合成方法和反应机理进行了探讨,考察了反应时间、反应温度、反应物配比、溶剂配比、催化剂用量等对目标产物收率的影响,结果表明:化合物Ⅲ的最佳合成工艺条件为:反应温度40℃,反应时间15 min;化合物Ⅳ的最佳合成工艺条件为:溶剂配比V(水)∶V(1,4-二氧六环)=1.0∶2.0,n(Ⅲ)∶n(苯硼酸)=1.0∶1.2,n(Ⅲ)∶n[Pd(pph3)2Cl2]=1.0∶0.1,反应温度80℃。经三步反应得到化合物Ⅳ的总收率为60%。     

N-苯基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺类衍生物的合成及其抗炎活性的研究

寻找新型潜在的抗炎药物,设计合成系列目标化合物,并测定其抗炎活性。以1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酸甲酯为起始原料,分别与不同取代苯胺经一步反应合成目标化合物,采用鼠耳肿胀法对所合成化合物进行抗炎活性的测定。所有合成化合物结构经1HNMR和13CNMR进行确证,其中N-(4-十二烷氧基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺对小鼠耳肿胀度的抑制率为50.3%,略优于阳性对照药布洛芬(45.6%)。设计合成的目标化合物具有潜在的抗炎活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。