稠氮杂芳环修饰的Salen配体合成及离子识别性能研究

由于低浓度的金属离子也能够对环境、生物体产生毒害,因此痕量离子识别具有现实意义。基于Salen配体的荧光性有望专一性识别金属离子,以乙酰丙酮、乙二胺、2-甲基苯并噻唑为原料合成[ONNO]型Salen配体,通过~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、红外等手段进行表征。紫外光谱研究发现,Salen配体与多种金属离子具有配位作用;荧光光谱研究表明,Salen配体与Co~(2+)结合,荧光显著减弱,检测限为3.16×10~(-5)mol/L,并且具有较好的抗干扰能力;荧光滴定分析说明,Salen配体与Co~(2+)为1∶1配位。结果表明,Salen配体是一种能够选择性识别Co~(2+)的荧光猝灭型探针,在环境监测等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于罗丹明B的Cu~(2+)选择性荧光探针的合成与表征

设计合成了一种基于罗丹明B为发光团的高选择性荧光探针。相对于其他常见金属离子,该探针对Cu~(2+)具有较好的选择性和灵敏度。优化实验条件,在乙醇-水溶液(V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶1,p H 7.3,50 mmol/L HEPES)测试介质中,探针对浓度在2.0×10~(-6)~7.0×10~(-6)mol/L范围内的Cu~(2+)呈现良好的线性响应,检出限为6.7×10~(-7)mol/L。Job's plot实验表明,探针与Cu~(2+)以1∶1结合。可逆实验表明,探针与Cu~(2+)的配合是可逆的,其识别原理为Cu~(2+)的加入导致探针P罗丹明内酯结构开环而发射出强的荧光。     

基于二苯甲酮的Schiff碱Fe~(3+)荧光分子探针

以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)和邻苯二胺为原料合成了Schiff碱荧光分子探针(L),采用FTIR、1HNMR和MS对其结构进行了表征。结果表明:在V(乙醇)∶V(4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸)=95∶5(p H=7.2)缓冲溶液中,L能够通过on-off荧光响应选择性识别Fe~(3+),且几乎不受其他金属离子(Hg~(2+)、Ag+、Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Ba~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Mn~(2+)、Li+、Cr~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K+、Na+)的干扰。在Fe~(3+)浓度为0~7.0×10-5mol/L时,溶液荧光强度与Fe~(3+)浓度呈现良好的线性关系。L对Fe~(3+)检出限为1.94×10-7mol/L,二者的络合常数为2.026×104(mol/L)-1。     

一种新型荧光探针的设计、合成及其传感性能

以吖啶酮为荧光团,通过与特定的金属离子配位实现抑制C=N异构化达到关-开识别的目的,设计并合成了一种新型荧光探针,4-[(吡咯-2-亚甲基)氨基]吖啶-9(10H)-酮(4-AAP),结构经过氢谱和碳谱表征。性能研究表明,在V(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)∶V(甲醇)∶V(水)=1∶7∶2的混合溶液中,4-AAP能够选择性识别Zn~(2+),同时具有较强的抗干扰能力,荧光滴定实验和Job’s plot实验表明4-AAP与Zn~(2+)的配位关系为2∶1(物质的量比),最低检出限为4.98×10~(-7)mol/L。     

Al~(3+)荧光探针的合成及识别性能研究

以2-羟基-1-萘甲醛和邻苯二胺为原料,通过席夫碱反应合成了一个Al~(3+)荧光探针。采用紫外-可见和荧光光谱法研究了探针在乙腈溶液中对金属离子的识别能力。实验结果表明,该探针在乙腈及其水溶液中可以有效、快速地检测Al~(3+)。通过荧光滴定曲线、Job's曲线和Benesi-Hildebrand曲线,得出探针分子与Al~(3+)的配合比和配合常数分别为2∶1和2.65×10~5,并测得Al~(3+)的最低检出限为1.85×10~(-8)mol/L。     

罗丹明Schiff碱型比色探针的合成及对Cu~(2+)的识别

以7-羟基-4-甲基-8-香豆素醛和罗丹明B酰肼为原料,经缩合反应得到可选择性识别Cu2+的比色探针L,并利用1HNMR、MS和元素分析对其结构进行了表征。通过紫外-可见光谱法研究了探针L在缓冲液(V(CH3CN)∶V(Tris-HCl)=1∶1,pH=6.0)中对金属离子的识别能力。随着Cu2+加入,探针L在λ=557 nm处产生强的可见吸收响应,溶液由无色迅速转变为紫红色。在0.6×10-6~1.6×10-6mol/L范围内,Cu2+的浓度与吸光度呈线性关系,最低检测限为6.6×10-8mol/L。探针L与Cu2+形成1∶1型配合物,识别过程可逆。     

铁离子荧光探针的合成及光谱性能

以乙二醛和罗丹明B酰肼为原料,经缩合反应合成荧光分子探针3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮,并通过红外、核磁、质谱进行表征。通过紫外-可见光谱法和荧光光谱法研究了3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮在缓冲液(V(CH3CN)∶V(Tris-HCl)=1∶1,p H 7.15)中对金属离子的识别能力。实验结果表明,该荧光探针在水溶液中对Fe~(3+)有高灵敏、高选择的光学响应。Fe3+诱导3',6'-双(二乙氨基)-2-(氧代亚乙基氨基)螺[异吲哚-1,9'-占吨]-3-酮的螺环开环,引起溶液的荧光强度和吸光度都大幅度增强。当Fe~(3+)浓度在3.50×10~(-6)~3.00×10~(-5)mol/L范围内,与相对荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为4.60×10~(-8)mol/L。     

基于苯甲酰肼衍生物的Al~(3+)荧光探针的合成与表征

设计合成一种苯甲酰肼衍生物P,并将其成功表征为Al~(3+)荧光探针。在乙醇相中,相对于其他常见金属离子,探针对Al~(3+)具有较好的选择性,线性检出范围为2.0×10~(-6)~8.0×10~(-6)mol/L,检出限为6.7×10~(-7)mol/L。Job'-plot实验表明,探针与Al~(3+)以1∶2模式配合。     

B-降胆甾苯并咪唑化合物对金属离子识别性能研究

苯并咪唑是优良的离子探针活性基团,以3种不同取代基结构的B-降胆甾苯并咪唑化合物作为金属离子受体,采用紫外光谱法和荧光光谱法对12种不同的金属离子(Co~(2+)、K~+、Na~+、Li~+、Pb~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Sr~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Ag~+、Hg~(2+)、Cu~(2+))进行检测,结果表明这3种化合物对Cu~(2+)离子具有高度的选择性,抗干扰能力好,可作为选择性光学传感器,检出限分别为7. 31×10~(-8)、7. 99×10~(-8)、5. 85×10~(-8)mol/L,采用Job法测试,3种化合物与Cu~(2+)的配合比为1∶1。     

基于壳聚糖衍生物的Al3+荧光探针的设计合成

人体摄入过量的Al~(3+)会导致多种疾病,因此Al~(3+)的检测具有重要的意义。荧光探针法在目标物质检测中具有选择性好、灵敏度高等优点,已成为重要的检测手段。以2-羟基-1-萘甲醛和羧甲基壳聚糖为原料,在乙醇溶液中回流反应8 h,高产率得到一种高选择性Al~(3+)荧光探针。在常见的金属离子和阴离子中,该荧光探针对Al~(3+)呈现出较好的选择性和较高的灵敏度。在V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶1、p H 6. 0、50 mmol/L羟乙基哌嗪乙硫磺酸(HEPES)溶液中,该探针对Al~(3+)的线性响应范围为4. 0×10-5～1. 0×10-4mol/L,检出限为1. 3×10-5mol/L。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。