重金属污染土壤修复技术研究进展

随着工农业的快速发展,我国面临着严峻的土壤重金属污染。重金属污染土壤修复已经成为当今生态环境领域面临的重要课题,受到广泛关注。立足于国内外重金属污染土壤修复技术的前沿,对土壤重金属污染的主要来源进行了简单介绍,同时详细阐述和分析了重金属污染土壤的主要修复技术,如物理修复技术、化学修复技术、生物修复技术等,针对各种修复技术的特点和缺点,提出了重金属污染土壤修复技术领域的改进和发展方向,为土壤修复技术研究提供借鉴。     

重金属污染土壤修复技术的研究进展

针对土壤重金属污染的特点,文章介绍了几种主要的重金属污染土壤修复技术:物理修复技术、化学修复技术和生物修复技术,分析了不同修复技术的特点及其存在的问题,同时在此基础上,对重金属污染土壤修复技术的未来发展进行了展望,旨在为重金属污染土壤修复技术提供理论依据和科学支持。     

农田土壤重金属污染与修复技术

文章系统阐述了农田土壤重金属污染种类、来源及其污染特点,针对我国农田土壤重金属污染状况,介绍了当前几类主要的重金属污染土壤修复技术,最后,对土壤重金属污染修复技术的发展进行了展望。     

重金属污染的生物修复研究进展

目前,对重金属污染土壤进行生物修复已成为一个世界性的环境问题,引起了人们的高度关注。本文对重金属污染土壤修复技术的进展情况作了简要介绍和述评,重点介绍了植物修复技术和微生物修复技术,为土壤重金属污染的生物修复提供参考。     

微生物联合植物修复土壤重金属研究现状

经济快速发展的今天，重金属对土壤的污染已成为大家关注的焦点。高效、安全、投入低的微生物联合修复方法，是目前修复土壤重金属污染的主要方式。通过归纳总结微生物联合植物的重金属抗性机制，并对其在修复重金属污染土壤方面的应用进行了综述。现阶段对PGPR技术的研究已经较为全面，但是对于内生菌通过辅助植物修复重金属污染土壤的机制尚不明确，但是具备开发的潜力。     

土壤重金属污染修复技术研究进展

本文概述了土壤重金属污染的来源于危害,主要综述了土壤重金属污染修复技术,并探讨了土壤重金属污染修复技术的研究进展。     

矿区土壤重金属污染的化学修复治理研究进展

金属矿区及周边土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题之一。目前,修复重金属污染土壤的方法很多,文章介绍了目前常用的两种化学修复技术,并对金属矿山重金属污染土壤的化学修复指出进一步发展方向。     

重金属污染土壤修复技术研究现状及发展方向

人类的生存与发展离不开土壤,近年来随着工业的快速发展,重金属污染土壤的问题日益显现,不仅造成了生态环境的破坏,还出现了生物富集现象,最终将危及人类自身,因此很有必要对受重金属污染的土壤进行治理。指出了土壤重金属污染的危害和来源,综述了重金属污染土壤修复技术研究现状,当前主要有物理修复技术、化学修复技术、生物修复技术、生物质炭修复技术以及复合修复技术。单一修复技术需要综合考虑其适用性、修复效果、成本、修复时间等,并须对已修复土壤进行长期监测,因此探索其他经济、高效、环保的修复技术或者复合修复技术将是未来重金属污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。     

土壤重金属污染修复技术研究及进展

总结了目前较常用的土壤重金属污染修复技术有物理修复、化学修复和生物修复,了解到不同修复技术的适用性和局限性;详细阐述了零价铁修复技术的发展概况,以及零价铁用于修复土壤重金属污染的可行性和存在的问题,为今后土壤重金属污染修复指明了一个新的方向。     

土壤重金属污染及治理技术

分析了土壤中重金属污染状况,总结了土壤重金属污染主要修复技术,包括物理化学修复、化学修复、生物修复和农业修复四种技术,并对四种修复技术进行了比较,使人们了解不同修复技术的特点及适用条件.对今后重金属主要研究方向进行了展望.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。