一类新型三唑并嘧啶联噻二唑杂环化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以5,7-二甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-2-甲酰肼为原料,设计合成了8个新型的2-(5,7-二甲基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶)-1,3,4-噻二唑.5.硫醚类化合物.通过1HNMR、MS和元素分析对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征.初步的生物活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物均具有较好的杀菌活性.     

Z-2′-[1-(1,2,4-三唑)基]-O-(α-甲基对卤苄基)-2,4-二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐的合成

以 2 ,4 二氯氯代苯乙酮、1,2 ,4 三唑和羟胺为原料 ,合成了Z 2′ [1 (1,2 ,4 三唑 )基 ] 2 ,4 二氯苯乙酮肟 (Ⅰ ) ,以对氯 (对溴 )苯乙酮合成对氯 (对溴 ) α 氯乙苯 (ⅡA 和ⅡB) ,Ⅰ分别与ⅡA和ⅡB 反应生成Z 2′ [1 (1,2 ,4 三唑 )基 ] O (α 甲基对卤苄基 ) 2 ,4 二氯苯乙酮肟硝酸盐两个化合物 ,产率为 6 2 .5 %和 5 8.8% ,化合物结构经元素分析、IR和1HNMR确定。     

6-甲基-4-羟基-噻嗯并[2,3-b]噻喃-2-磺酰胺的合成

以2-巯基噻吩和巴豆酸为起始原料,经加成缩合制得3-(2-噻吩巯基)丁酸;在P2O5催化下环合制得6-甲基-4-氧-噻嗯并[2,3-b]噻喃;再用氯磺酸进行氯磺化、氨水氨解制得6-甲基-4-氧-噻嗯并[2,3-b]噻喃-2-磺酰胺;最后用硼氢化钠还原得到盐酸杜塞酰胺的中间体6-甲基-4-羟基-噻嗯并[2,3-b]噻喃-2-磺酰胺,合成总收率为16.0%。其化学结构经IR,1H NMR,MS得以确证。     

3-氯-6-环丙烷基-8-三氟甲基咪唑[1,2-a]吡啶-2-甲酸的合成与表征

以2-氨基-3-三氟甲基吡啶为原料,通过NBS选择性溴化,再与溴代丙酮酸甲酯通过"一锅法"进行烷基化环化反应,之后经选择性氯化、Suzuki偶联反应和水解,合成了咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶甲酸衍生物——3-氯-6-环丙烷基-8-三氟甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-甲酸。反应总收率达到36.5%。并对Suzuki偶联反应的催化剂和反应条件进行了探讨。     

2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

以自制2-氨基-4-甲基-5-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-噻吩-3-甲酸乙酯、三苯基膦、芳基异氰酸酯、伯醇为原料,合成了6种新型的2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮衍生物,其结构经~1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征,并用6种常见农作物病菌对目标化合物的抑菌活性进行了测试。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10~(-5)g·L~(-1)时,目标化合物均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氯苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌率达到75%。     

2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮的合成及其抑菌活性研究

通过Gewald反应合成噻吩衍生物,再由噻吩衍生物、对氟苯基异氰酸酯分别与甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇经串联aza-Wittig反应合成了3个新型的2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮,经1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征了其结构,并初步测定了合成化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10-5g·L-1时,3种化合物对常见农作物菌种均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对水稻纹枯菌的抑制率达90%。     

3-氨基-5-邻甲苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑的合成工艺

[目的]3-氨基-5-邻甲苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑是具有多种抗菌活性的三唑类抗菌剂。介绍3-氨基-5-邻甲苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑的合成工艺方法,并对工艺条件进行优化。[方法]以2-甲基苯甲酸和S-甲基异硫脲硫酸盐为原料,分3步反应合成3-氨基-5-邻甲苯基-4H-1,2,4-三唑。[结果]通过实验讨论了不同的物料比、反应时间及反应温度等因素对各步目标产物的产率和纯度的影响,确定出各步反应的最佳合成工艺条件。[结论]该合成工艺操作简便、反应条件温和、收率高、产品纯度高,适合工业化生产。     

8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物的合成与表征

以吡唑膦亚胺、3-氯苯基异氰酸酯和取代苯氧乙(丙)酰肼为原料,通过串联氮杂Wittig关环反应合成了6个未见文献报道的化合物8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物((1)a～(1)f),通过核磁共振氢碳谱和HRMS等确证进行了表征.     

8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物的合成与表征

以吡唑膦亚胺、3-氯苯基异氰酸酯和取代苯氧乙(丙)酰肼为原料,通过串联氮杂Wittig关环反应合成了6个未见文献报道的化合物8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物((1)a～(1)f),通过核磁共振氢碳谱和HRMS等确证进行了表征.     

8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物的合成与表征

以吡唑膦亚胺、3-氯苯基异氰酸酯和取代苯氧乙(丙)酰肼为原料,通过串联氮杂Wittig关环反应合成了6个未见文献报道的化合物8-(3-氯苯基)-3-甲硫基-1-苯基-吡唑并[3,4-d][1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-4-酮衍生物((1)a～(1)f),通过核磁共振氢碳谱和HRMS等确证进行了表征.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。