3,4-二氢-4-(1-哌啶甲基)-5H-1-苯并氧杂-5-酮盐酸盐的合成及其生物活性研究

α,β-不饱和环戊酮的Mannich碱和α,β-不饱和环己酮的Mannich碱具有显著的抗炎活性,为了寻求新的具有抗炎活性的环酮类化合物,设计了3,4-二氢-4-(1-哌啶甲基)-5H-1-苯并氧杂-5-酮盐酸盐作为目标化合物。以苯酚、γ-丁内酯、甲醛和哌啶等原料合成了目标化合物,并利用熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等手段确定了其结构。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法,测定了该化合物的抗炎活性,实验结果表明在200mg/kg剂量下该化合物对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率为54.5%。采用Born's比浊法测定了该化合物的抗血小板聚集活性,实验结果表明该化合物的抗血小板聚集活性比噻氯匹啶强约23倍。     

2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

以自制2-氨基-4-甲基-5-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-噻吩-3-甲酸乙酯、三苯基膦、芳基异氰酸酯、伯醇为原料,合成了6种新型的2-烷氧基-3-芳基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮衍生物,其结构经~1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征,并用6种常见农作物病菌对目标化合物的抑菌活性进行了测试。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10~(-5)g·L~(-1)时,目标化合物均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氯苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌率达到75%。     

苯联三唑(磺)酰胺衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

[目的]寻找新杀菌活性的苯联三唑(磺)酰胺衍生物。[方法]设计合成了系列N-(4-(3-苯基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)苯磺酰胺或苯甲酰胺衍生物,以菌丝生长速率法对其抑菌活性进行了初步评价。[结果]合成了3类12个N-(4-(3-苯基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯基)苯磺酰胺或苯甲酰胺衍生物,结构经1H及13C NMR确证。[结论]目标化合物收率为60.7%～81.3%;该类化合物对番茄灰霉病菌有较强抑制作用,其中11个化合物的抑菌率均大于85%,优于对照药剂烯唑醇(80.8%);5个化合物对苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌率大于74%,优于烯唑醇(68.6%)。     

2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)-酮的合成及其抑菌活性研究

通过Gewald反应合成噻吩衍生物,再由噻吩衍生物、对氟苯基异氰酸酯分别与甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇经串联aza-Wittig反应合成了3个新型的2-烷氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮,经1 HNMR、MS和元素分析表征了其结构,并初步测定了合成化合物的抑菌活性。结果表明,在用药浓度为5×10-5g·L-1时,3种化合物对常见农作物菌种均表现出一定的抑菌活性,其中以2-甲氧基-3-对氟苯基-5-甲基-6-(1 H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3 H)-酮的活性最高,对水稻纹枯菌的抑制率达90%。     

甲基氧化法合成1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酸甲酯

报道了利巴韦林(Ribavirin)的关键中间体标题化合物的合成新方法。以3-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑为原料,在MnO2氧化下和尿素反应,一步转化为1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺。然后1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-甲酰胺在饱和HCl/MeOH中醇解,以两步60%的总收率得到标题化合物。该方法避免了传统方法中具有爆炸危险的重氮化-脱氮步骤,原料易得,步骤短,收率高,为标题化合物的合成提供了新途径。     

3-氰基-5-氨基-1,2,4-1H-三唑的高效合成与热性能

以3-甲酰胺基-5-氨基-1,2,4-1H-三唑为原料,经缩合、环化、酯化、氨化和氧化等反应获得目标化合物3-氰基-5-氨基-1,2,4-1H-三唑(ATCN),通过优化制约合成工艺的氧化反应体系、反应温度以及反应时间,将收率由文献值37.0％ 提高至81.6％.采用核磁共振(NMR)、红外吸收(IR)和元素分析等手段...     

1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮的合成

在碳酸钾碱性条件下,以2-溴-1-(4-氟-苯基)乙酮■为起始原料,与1,2,4-三唑■发生亲核取代反应,合成得到目标化合物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)乙酮■和副产物1-(4-氟苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-4-基)乙酮■,产物结构经¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征确证。优化的反应条件为：物料比■、反应溶剂为乙腈、反应温度为25℃、反应时间4 h,在该条件下,产物的收率达62.6%(以■计)。     

含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成及其抗真菌活性

以二茂铁为起始原料,通过一系列反应合成二茂铁二甲酰氯中间体;以酸或者苯氧乙酸为起始原料,合成中间体1,2,4-三唑化合物,最后二茂铁二甲酰氯与1,2,4-三唑化合物反应,生成含二茂铁基1,2,4-三唑化合物。通过1H-NMR、FT-IR及ESI-HRMS进行了目标化合物结构的表征;最后,将合成的目标化合物分别对小麦赤霉病、马铃薯干腐病、烟草赤星病和西瓜枯萎病进行了初步的抗植物真菌活性试验,测试结果显示,部分化合物表现出较好的抗植物真菌活性。     

4-(2-氯-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸异丙酯的合成

[目的]开发具有全新结构的小麦全蚀病抑制剂4-(2-氯-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸异丙酯的合成路线。[方法]以2-氟-6-氯苯甲酸为原料,通过羧酸的酰胺化以及1,2,4-三唑的选择性取代等过程,更高效地合成4-(2-氯-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸异丙酯;以4-硝基苯甲酸为原料,通过酯化和还原,合成中间体4-氨基苯甲酸异丙酯。各中间体及产品通过1H NMR、13C NMR、元素分析等手段进行了结构表征和确证。[结果]所开发合成路线具有合成步骤少、中间体及产品分离容易,目标化合物的合成收率达到了62%,含量达到了98%。[结论]该合成路线为4-(2-氯-6-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)苯甲酰胺基)苯甲酸异丙酯的生理生化实验、田间试验及环境实验等样品的获得提供了有力的技术支持。     

新型1,2,4-三嗪衍生物的合成、表征及生物活性

以苯并咪唑-1-乙酰肼和不同取代的溴代苯乙酮为原料,合成出了9个新型的含苯并咪唑环的1,2,4-三嗪衍生物,并利用IR、1HNMR和元素分析对所合成的目标化合物结构进行了表征。对目标化合物进行了抗癌、抗糖尿病活性筛选,生物活性实验结果表明,大部分目标化合物对Cdc25B磷酸酯酶具有较强的抑制活性,抑制率在58%～93%,目标化合物3-[(2-苯氧甲基)苯并咪唑-1-亚甲基]-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,2,4-三嗪和3-[(2-苯氧甲基)苯并咪唑-1-亚甲基]-6-联苯基-1,2,4-三嗪对PTP1B具有较高的抑制活性,抑制率分别为59.99%和87.47%。这表明,目标化合物可作为潜在的抗癌和抗糖尿病试剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。