曲司氯铵的合成工艺研究

对曲司氯铵（Trospium Chloride）合成工艺进行研究。以托品醇为原料,经酰化、水解生成去甲托品醇,去甲托品醇再与1,4-二氯丁烷反应生成氯化（3α-去甲托品醇）-8-螺-1’-吡咯铵盐,与二苯乙醇酸活化酰胺在DMAP的催化下反应生成曲司氯铵。结果表明,合成目标化合物经核磁共振谱和质谱确证其化学结构,总收率为7％。该工艺反应条件平和,成本较低。     

新缩瞳药包公藤甲素类似物的研究

本文以6β-羟基-3-托品酮和6β-乙酰氧基-3α-托品醇为原料,合成7个包公藤甲素类似物。经药理筛选其中两个,即对甲基苯甲酸一6β-乙酰氧基-3α-托品酯和3α,6β-二乙酰氧基托品烷具有纵肠肌收缩作用。     

乙酰基阿托品盐酸盐的制备

乙酰基阿托品盐酸盐是合成硫酸阿托品的关键中间体,文章通过采用SO2Cl2-DMF组成的Vilsmeier-Haack型复合物作为脱水剂,以当量的乙酰托品酸和托品醇盐酸盐为原料,在室温下进行酯化反应制备乙酰基阿托品盐酸盐,收率接近定量。     

内型—降托品（endo—nortropine）的合成

内型-降托品(endo-nortropine)为重要的药物或合成中间体。合成方法和具体操作如下:     

盐酸去甲乌药碱的合成

以4-甲氧基苯基乙酸和3,4-二甲氧基苯乙胺为起始原料经酰化、环合、还原、脱甲基4步反应得盐酸去甲乌药碱粗品,再通过精制、干燥得到去甲乌药碱精品,纯度达99%以上,质量达到药用标准。总收率为28.1%,其化学结构经~1H NMR、MS确证。该工艺操作简便,收率高,具有广泛的应用前景,适合工业化生产。     

不同炮制方法对黔产八角莲中4种化学成分含量的影响

目的:以八角莲中4’-去甲鬼臼毒素、槲皮素、山奈酚、鬼臼毒素的含量为指标,探讨不同炮制工艺对八角莲中化学成分含量变化的影响。方法:采用HPLC法测定4种化学成分含量,分析炮制前后的含量变化规律及其原因。结果:生品中4’-去甲鬼臼毒素、槲皮素、山奈酚、鬼臼毒素的含量分别为0.0675,0.561,1.448,8.121 mg/g;醋制品中4种成分的含量分别为0.0454,0.681,2.192,8.738 mg/g;蒸制品中4种成分的含量分别为0.0377,0.538,2.350,7.311 mg/g;姜制品中4种成分的含量分别为0.0655,0.689,1.632,8.929 mg/g。结论:与生品相比,各炮制品中4’-去甲鬼臼毒素的含量均降低,槲皮素、山奈酚炮制后均含量升高,鬼臼毒素含量炮制前后差异不大。     

累托石处理氨氮废水的试验研究

累托石是由云母层和类蒙脱石层组成，它兼有云母和蒙脱石的某些特性，作者在对累托石的成型品的物理性能和阳离子交换性能研究的基础上。重点研究了累托石对氨氮的阳离子交换作用。实验证明，累托石对氨氮有一定的离子交换作用。     

从发酵液中提取达托霉素的工艺优化

通过对迭托霉素发酵液预处理、溶剂萃取、结晶、干燥得到达托霉素粗品。确定了以pH值6．5～7．5的缓冲溶液作为浸提溶剂、加入5～8BV丙酮进行冷藏结晶的优化提取工艺。该工艺简单、经济,适合工业化生产。     

反相高效液相色谱测定枸橼酸托法替布有关物质的方法学研究

对采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)法测定枸橼酸托法替布有关物质的方法进行研究。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,采用C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,3.5μm)或效能相当的色谱柱;以0.01 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 m L/min;柱温箱温度为45℃,检测波长为216 nm。在该色谱条件下,枸橼酸托法替布与各杂质分离效果良好(R1.5),检测限为供试品质量浓度的0.010%,定量限为供试品质量浓度的0.020%,在0.029 6~1.480 1μg/mL范围内,质量浓度与峰面积成线性关系(R=0.999 9),且辅料对主药的测定无干扰。该方法色谱条件简单、检测快速准确稳定,且专属性良好,可用于枸橼酸托法替布有关物质的测定。     

托烷司琼盐酸盐的合成

以3-吲哚甲酸为起始原料,经氯化亚砜酰氯化、与托品醇缩合合成了托烷司琼盐酸盐。实验结果表明,当以甲苯为溶剂两倍量氯化亚砜常温下酰氯化,以二氧六环为溶剂成酯,总收率55.3%,且工艺操作简单,成本较低,适于工业化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。