改性剂FK-316在低盐染色中的应用

对纯棉针织物先采用阳离子改性剂FK-316改性处理,再实施活性染料低盐染色,优化改性处理和低盐染色工艺条件.改性工艺:改性剂FK-316质量分数5％(omf),pH值9.0,70℃保温处理20 min;低盐染色工艺:染料1％(omf),元明粉20 g/L,浴比1∶15～1∶20,染色温度60℃,保温染色50 min,纯碱20 g/L,固色时间50min.阳离子改性剂FK-316应用于活性染料低盐染色时,当染料用量在2％及以下时(中、浅色),盐用量可以降到常规染色盐用量的1/3以下,达到有盐染色相同的染色深度和染色牢度.     

菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物的无盐无碱染色

采用雅格素NF系列中性固色活性染料对阳离子改性后的菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,探讨了染色工艺中元明粉用量对改性和未改性织物上染率和K/S值的影响,以及染色温度、染色时间对改性织物上染率和K/S值的影响。得到雅格素NF系列活性染料最佳染色工艺:染料2%(omf),浴比1∶40,染色温度75℃,时间85 min。结果表明,阳离子改性后的菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物采用雅格素NF系列活性染料可以实现无盐、无碱清洁化染色。     

新型低碱活性染料染色工艺研究

针对活性染料常规染棉织物工艺中纯碱用量过多的问题,采用新型的低碱活性染料对棉织物进行染色。分析了工艺参数如盐、碱及温度等对K/S值的影响,得到了低碱活性染料染棉织物较佳工艺:染料1%(owf)时,纯碱1.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色40min,浴比1∶25;染料5%(owf)时,纯碱3g/L,元明粉80g/L,80℃固色60min,浴比1∶25。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统活性染料染色时纯碱用量的1/10左右,染色织物得色量高,且染色工艺简单。     

阳离子改性菠萝纤维的无盐无碱染色

采用阳离子改性剂LD-8201对菠萝纤维进行改性,再用雅格素NF进行无盐无碱中性固色染色。探讨了改性工艺中改性剂和碳酸钠质量浓度,改性温度和改性时间对上染率和K/S值的影响;以及染色工艺中元明粉质量浓度、染色温度和染色时间对改性菠萝纤维上染率和K/S值的影响。优化的改性工艺为:阳离子改性剂LD-8201 10 g/L,碳酸钠20 g/L,改性温度70℃,改性时间50 min;雅格素NF系列活性染料的染色工艺:染色温度80℃,染色时间80 min。     

改性棉织物靛蓝色素染色工艺

采用阳离子改性剂对棉织物进行改性处理后,用靛蓝色素对棉织物染色.通过优化棉织物改性及其染色工艺试验,棉织物的改性条件为改性剂7%(omf),浴比1∶20,40℃开始,升温至80℃处理10 min;改性棉织物的靛蓝色素染色工艺条件为靛蓝色素1%(omf),浴比1∶50,40℃入染,升温至50℃,在无盐中性条件下染色40min.靛蓝色素上染改性棉织物的色相与还原靛蓝染色织物接近,固色剂处理后染色牢度可达服用要求.     

环氧-硫脲改性棉织物活性无盐染色

用环氧氯丙烷对棉织物处理后,再用硫脲代替乙二胺进行改性,改性的优化工艺为:硫脲10 g/L,氢氧化钠6 g/L,改性温度40℃,改性时间60 min,浴比1∶30。硫脲改性后,棉织物的降解温度提高,可染性明显增强,可以实现活性染料无盐染色,且匀染性和色牢度有所改善。     

棉织物的阳离子化改性及其活性染料无盐染色

棉织物经阳离子改性剂处理后,在无盐情况下用活性染料染色.优化的改性工艺为:改性剂质量分数4％(omf)、NaOH质量浓度4g/L,40℃改性30 min;改性织物染色工艺为:活性黑RWN 4％(omf),染色温度40℃,上染时间5 min,浴比1∶30,纯碱10 g/L,固色60 min.改性织物可以达到常规染色织物的色深值(K/S值),且匀染性良好;与未改性棉织物相比,改性棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度和耐水洗色牢度下降了0.5级.     

易洗涤活性染料的染色性能

采用合成的易洗涤活性染料对棉织物进行染色,探讨了盐用量、碱用量、固色温度、时间和浴比等因素对染色性能的影响,并测试了染料的染色特征值S、E、R、F值.结果表明,所合成的易洗涤活性染料对棉织物浸染具有较好的染色性能,优化的染色工艺为:氯化钠60 g/L,碳酸钠20 g/L,固色温度为50℃,固色时间为60 min,浴比为1∶20.采用易洗涤活性染料染色,皂洗温度比常规活性染料低20℃,固色率可达57.2％,且色牢度良好.     

壳聚糖季铵盐的活性低盐染色

将壳聚糖季铵盐(TMCI)应用于活性染料低盐染色中。探讨了壳聚糖季铵盐预处理工艺对棉织物染色性能的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖季铵盐预处理优化工艺为:浸渍(80℃×10min)→一浸一轧(带液率80%)→烘干(80℃×5min)→焙烘(110℃×3min);低盐染色的优化工艺为:TMCI用量6g/L,浴比1∶30,盐用量25g/L。棉织物经壳聚糖季铵盐预处理后,染料利用率提高,盐用量减少,从而减轻了环境污染。     

改性木棉纤维的活性染料染色工艺

采用活性染料对阳离子改性木棉纤维进行染色。优化的改性木棉纤维活性染料诺威克隆FN-R染色工艺为:染料1%(omf),NaCl 20 g/L,JFC 2 g/L,浴比1∶50,40℃染色30 min,Na2CO320 g/L固色60 min。染色后木棉纤维的上染率、固色率、耐水洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度及染色K/S值均有较大提高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press