膦酰基羧酸共调聚物的阻垢性能研究

采用静态与动态试验方法,对新型阻垢剂膦酰基羧酸共调聚物抑制碳酸钙垢的性能进行了试验研究。静态试验研究表明,在水温低于60℃,钙硬度为600mg/L(以CaCO3计)的情况下,膦酰基羧酸共调聚物具有良好的阻垢性能,投加量为5mg/L时,阻垢率超过90%;在较高硬度时亦有较好的阻垢效果。动态试验研究表明,成垢溶液添加阻垢剂之后,污垢热阻大为减小,换热表面基本不结垢。因此,膦酰基羧酸共调聚物极适于工业循环冷却水系统的水处理过程。结合垢粒的扫描电镜照片对膦酰基羧酸共调聚物的阻垢机理进行了简要分析。     

聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢性能研究

以天冬氨酸(ASP)、2-氨基乙磺酸(AESA)、氢氧化钠等为原料制备了一种无磷环保型阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸共聚物(PASP-AESA-ASP),采取静态阻垢法考察了其阻磷酸钙垢性能,用扫描电子显微镜观察了加入聚天冬氨酸共聚物后形成的磷酸钙形貌。实验结果表明,聚天冬氨酸共聚物阻磷酸钙垢的性能明显高于聚天冬氨酸,在加药量为6 mg/L时,比聚天冬氨酸的阻垢率提高了86%;对不同磷酸钙离子浓度的阻垢率也均有很好的效果,在加药量为14 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸共聚物的阻垢率均达到了91%以上,当PO43-为10 mg/L时其阻垢率达到了95.2%。     

聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐和氨水为原料,采用热缩聚反应制备了绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸（PASP）。研究了聚天冬氨酸对硫酸盐垢的阻垢性能,探讨了阻垢剂浓度、成垢阳离子浓度、温度、pH值及盐含量等因素对聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,聚天冬氨酸对硫酸钡垢和硫酸锶垢具有较好的阻垢性能。     

绿色环保型聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂合成与阻垢性能

以马来酸酐(MA)与氨水为原料热缩聚法合成聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂,分别考察了原料配比、热缩聚温度和热缩聚时间对产物的阻垢性能的影响,得到最佳合成条件:n(MA)∶n(NH3)为1∶2.0,热缩聚温度240℃,热缩聚时间3 h。当实验水中Ca2+质量浓度为240 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂的阻垢率达到72%,适用于低矿化度的工业循环冷却水和油田回注水。同时使用L-天冬氨酸对聚合物开环改性,其阻垢率可达到87%。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物的合成及性能

利用聚天冬氨酸热缩聚产物聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)和天冬氨酸(ASP)合成了一种聚天冬氨酸衍生物.研究了聚天冬氨酸衍生物的阻垢性能、分散性能和污垢热阻.实验结果表明:当Ca~(2+)质量浓度为400mg/L、HCO_3~-质量浓度为800mg/L、聚天冬氨酸衍生物用量为6mg/L时,阻垢率达到100%,比聚天冬氨酸的阻垢率最大提高4%以上;聚天冬氨酸衍生物对Fe_2O_3有一定的分散作用;聚天冬氨酸衍生物的污垢热阻小于聚天冬氨酸的污垢热阻.     

几种有机膦酸水稳剂的阻垢性能对比实验研究

有机膦酸是一类具有缓蚀、阻垢性能的多功能水稳剂,已在工业循环冷却水中广泛应用.文章采用鼓泡法,评定了乙二胺四甲叉膦酸(EDTMP)、二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸(DTPMP)、2-膦酸基-1,2,4-丁烷三羧酸(PBTCA)对碳酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸锌等污垢的阻垢性能.实验结果表明:在阻垢剂用量5 mg/L,温度60℃,运行时间6 h,Ca2 浓度为240 mg/L的条件下,PBTCA的阻碳酸钙和磷酸锌垢效果最佳,阻垢率分别为94.34%和67.87%;DTPMP阻磷酸钙垢效果最佳,用药量为4.4 mg/L时,阻垢率达到99%.     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响及阻垢机理探讨

采用碳酸钙沉积法和电导率法研究了聚天冬氨酸衍生物阻垢性能及其对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响。试验结果表明,在投加量为8 mg/L时,聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙的阻垢率就已超过85%;聚天冬氨酸衍生物对碳酸钙有增溶作用,其对碳酸钙的抑制作用存在极限浓度,对于含钙离子和碳酸根离子浓度均为5.81 mmol/L的溶液,当聚天冬氨酸衍生物的投加量超过15 mg/L后,再增加投加量对碳酸钙结晶过程的影响变化不明显;X-衍射分析认为该试剂能使碳酸钙晶体发生畸变。     

聚天冬氨酸/邻氨基酚磺酸的合成及其阻垢性能

以邻氨基酚磺酸（3A4HBSA）与聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)为原料,合成了聚天冬氨酸接枝共聚物阻垢剂PASP/3A4HBSA。用FTIR与1HNMR对阻垢剂的结构进行了表征,用静态阻垢法考察了PASP/3A4HBSA和聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对碳酸钙的阻垢性能。得到的最佳实验条件为：当阻垢剂质量浓度为100mg/L、温度为70℃、时间24h、pH =7时,PASP/3A4HBSA对CaCO3的阻垢率达到92.7%,而PASP对CaCO3的阻垢率只有77.1%。用SEM与XRD对处理前后的垢样表面结构和物相结构进行了表征,并分析阻垢剂的阻垢机理,用红外光谱测定进一步分析阻垢剂的阻垢机理,结果表明：阻垢剂对CaCO3的作用主要包括晶格畸变作用和络合作用。     

新型聚合物阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的合成与性能

对新型水处理剂聚天冬氨酸的合成、热稳定性及阻垢性能等进行了研究。研究结果表明 :聚天冬氨酸的合成为无催化剂的L 天冬氨酸缩聚反应。相对分子质量为 40 0 0的聚天冬氨酸具有最为优良的阻垢性能 ;药剂投加量仅为 0 2mg/L时 ,对碳酸钙的阻垢率就达到 88% ,阻垢率达到 10 0 %时药剂浓度仅为 2 0mg/L ;增加聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂浓度使阻垢率随着Ca2 +浓度增加而下降的趋势变缓。聚天冬氨酸是一种可应用于高温、高钙离子浓度水系统的聚合物阻垢剂。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物在海水淡化系统中的应用

利用天冬氨酸、2-氨基乙磺酸和氢氧化钠等合成聚天冬氨酸衍生物,通过静态阻垢评定方法和动态阻垢评定方法研究聚天冬氨酸衍生物在海水淡化系统中的阻垢性能。聚天冬氨酸衍生物应用于海水淡化系统后,不仅可以增加离子的去除率,使渗透水的离子浓度降低,还可以使粘附在反渗透膜上的离子减少,进而减少膜垢的污染,未加阻垢剂时粘附在反渗透膜上的污垢垢重为0.16 g,加入聚天冬氨酸衍生物后垢重为0.1 g;并且可以提高水的回收率,未加阻垢剂时水的回收率是83%,加入聚天冬氨酸衍生物后水的回收率是90%,聚天冬氨酸衍生物在海水淡化系统中具有很好的阻垢效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。