Using global positioning system for bus priority in London: traffic signals close to bus stops

London's bus network is one of the largest and most comprehensive urban transport systems in the world. The contribution of buses is recognised by implementing a series of initiatives including bus priority at traffic signals. London has a long history of the implementation of bus priority at traffic signals. It has kept pace with the development of new technologies by updating its bus priority system. Now, London is moving towards a bus management system based on global positioning system (GPS), which will also be used to provide bus priority at traffic signals. The authors describe theoretical work carried out by TRG on behalf of Transport for London Bus Priority Team to tackle the challenge posed by locational error associated with GPS where a traffic signal is close to a bus stop     

The way ahead [EM launchers]

The author discusses the history and future of electromagnetic launchers, focusing on linear induction machines for producing standstill forces, for propelling high-speed vehicles, and as accelerators for producing kinetic energy. He refers to his own experience to illustrate the points made. Conclusions concerning fruitful directions for future research are drawn     

Control strategies and hardware-in-the-loop simulation for bus signal priority

It is considered to be an important and effective means to give priority to the development of public transport which can improve the efficiency of using traffic resources and alleviate traffic jams , public transit signal priority belongs to the "time priority" among right-of-way priorities .In the review of existing bus priority signal control strategies and the progress of related technologies at home and abroad, this article analysis the condition of our country for the bus signal priority and a breakthrough in optimizing the design direction, then propose hardware and software systems and modules for the bus priority signal control system. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation is introduced to evaluate and demonstrate bus priority signal control programs, which can better develop and optimize the control strategy.     

Reliability engineering based on field information—The way ahead

Based on analysis of field reliability information a reliability model proper for engineering is developed and demonstrated. The development of the model is performed by applying the well known but often forgotten scientific method in which theoretical models are continuously compared with observations and subsequently modified/further developed until a reasonable consistency has been achieved. The tools used are by no means advanced. The model presented has been applied successfully in many industrial case studies, one of which will be described in the paper.     

Pedestrian safety at traffic signals: a study carried out with the help of a traffic conflicts technique

Most pedestrian accidents in built-up areas occur at intersections. Even after signalization the number of accidents involving pedestrians often remains high. After reviewing the published evidence, this paper describes how the Traffic Conflicts Techniques has been used to examine the risk to pedestrians at 120 intersections. The principal results indicate that signalization of a high-speed intersection (mean speed above 30 km/h in at least one arm) reduces pedestrian risk to approximately half. If mean speed in every arm is below 30 km/h signalization also reduces pedestrian risk, as long as most vehicles are not turning. Another finding from these studies was that a crosswalk should be located less than two meters from the intersection to optimize pedestrian safety. The conflict studies as well as analyses of accident data show that one should examine separately accidents between turning vehicles and "green-walking" pedestrians and accidents involving pedestrians walking against red light. The effect of an exclusive pedestrian signal phase (scramble) was tested at three sites and proved to be very safety-beneficial in a small town, while in Stockholm it did not prove effective because of a high percentage of red-walkers. Vehicle delay, as well as pedestrian delay, increased at all three sites. Data collected at 152 crosswalks has been used to estimate the parameters of a multivariate model of the frequency of "red-walking." The size of the town and traffic volumes appear to be the major factors influencing this frequency. Additional insight has been obtained from personal interviews of 450 persons. These indicate that shorter waiting times and police enforcement are considered the most efficient measures to reduce the frequency of red-walking.     

Safety effects of traffic signing for left turn flashing yellow arrow signals

In 2010, the left turn flashing yellow arrow (FYA) signal displays were installed at signalized intersections on state routes in the Peoria, Illinois, area. Supplemental traffic signs with text “Left Turn Yield on Flashing Yellow Arrow” were mounted on the mast arm adjacent to the left turn signal at over half of the FYA installations. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the effectiveness evaluation of the FYA supplemental sign on safety. Analyses are presented on the effects of the FYA supplemental sign for all drivers and a subset of drivers age 65 and older. A crash-based comparison of 164 FYA approaches including 90 approaches with the sign and 74 approaches without the sign showed greater crash reductions when the supplemental FYA sign was present. The results also showed that crashes involving drivers age 65 and older did not experience the same magnitudes of crash reductions as compared to all drivers. The findings of this research indicate that supplemental FYA signs may help in improving safety for left-turning vehicles during the permissive interval. Thus, it is recommended that supplemental signs be used when initially implementing the FYA, and that effort to educate the driving public on new traffic control be made to further improve safety at signalized intersections.     

CFCs, ozone depletion, and their impact on the electronicsindustry. II. The way ahead

For pt.I see ibid., vol.1, no.3, p.131-41, 1992. The second part of this paper provides an insight into the consequential severe problems facing the electronics industry (particularly with regard to defluxing printed circuit boards and cleaning precision parts) and the options available to it. In addition, both the short-term and the long-term collaborative actions being undertaken world-wide to assess and implement the nonCFC cleaning regimes are outlined     

Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: The role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety

Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality–attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed.     

检验机构如何培育核心竞争力

我国加入WTO时承诺，2005年12月20日以后将允许外资检验服务提供者在我国设立独资子公司，这就意味着我国将全面开放检验市场，国内的检验机构被融入了国际检验市场，面对着国内、国际两方面的竞争。为此，近几年来，各地检验机构在政府的支持下，通过自身的努力，纷纷建起了新大楼，购置了先进的仪器设备，引进了专业技术人才，迅速地增强了检验实力，以应对即将到来的与国外检验机构同台竞技。如此以来，就可以立于不败之地了吗？     

客车电动外摆门驱动控制系统

本文介绍了新开发成功的客车电动外摆门驱动控制系统 .该驱动控制系统满足了豪华客车对外摆自动门的要求 ,特别适用于无压缩气源的中型豪华旅游客车     

提高现有砼搅拌楼站生产率的挖潜途径

１ 引言 随着我国对环保的要求越来越高,预拌砼的市场越来越大,商品砼搅拌楼站更象是雨后春笋一般,一座座耸立在城乡各地。如今,人们除了对砼搅拌质量、称量精度有严格的要求外,更注意到砼搅拌楼站的生产率能否达到预定的要求。若生产率达不到合同规定的要求,又得不到用户的认可,那么,砼搅拌楼站制造厂商就免不了会受到较大的损失。 我们讲生产率往往指的是理论生产率,即在规定的试验条件下砼搅拌楼站每小时生产出的砼量。其计算公式为 Ｑ＝３６００ Ｌ ｎ／Ｔ,式中Ｌ为每台搅拌机搅拌方量,ｍ３;ｎ为搅拌机台数,Ｔ为每罐砼搅拌…     

The power-saving mechanism for solar power LED traffic signal light system

This article proposes a mechanism to reduce the battery power consumed by an independent solar-powered light intensity detection (LED) used for auxiliary traffic sign lighting by means of special background light sensor detection and an LED brightness control. This kind of traffic sign is deployed in remote areas and public utilities, where workers find hard to reach. Symbols and signs shaped by LED lights can assist drivers in mountain areas, remote areas, roads and highways with indications of directions and/or speed limits such that traffic accidents can be reduced. LED lights are especially suitable for environments with poor lights.     

通信信号调制识别技术及其发展

简要介绍了通信信号调制识别的概念、作用及基本方法框架,详细论述了两类调制识别方法——基于似然比判决理论的识别和基于统计模式的识别的原理、特点和发展。考虑到日趋复杂的电磁环境对调制识别的影响,深入分析了复杂通信环境下的调制识别技术的研究进展,包括非高斯噪声下的识别、多径衰落信道下的识别、单通道时频混叠多信号的识别和大动态信噪比下的识别,并指出了调制识别研究的未来发展方向:研究适合非理想信道、单通道时频混叠多信号的识别方法和具有良好大动态信噪比推广能力的识别方法。该研究对软件无线电、军用电子对抗以及民用频谱资源的监测与管理等领域的检测、解调与识别技术有重要研究意义。     

The Smart way for patent information to help small firms

This article explores the value of patent information as a crucial factor in the assessment of government awards in the UK to technically innovative small firms. The Smart scheme provides a substantial boost to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Some of this help is financial, but they also get help in other ways, for example through the publicity and marketing opportunities the winning of an award creates. Also in many cases, they get the benefit of the patent search that the UK Patent Office carries out as a crucial part of the assessment of most applications. The awards can be used in a variety of ways to enhance the chances of a business getting their project completed and the corresponding product successfully launched into the marketplace. This embraces, inter alia, many of the costs of seeking protection for, and enforcement of, their intellectual property rights (IPR).     

超声多普勒信号平均频率估计方法的比较研究

本文介绍了一些常用的超声多谱勒信号平均频率估计法,并引入一种新的估计法：基于Teager算法的平均频率估计,然后分别对计算机模拟的多普勒信号和流速校刻系统的多普勒信号进行平均频率的估计和比较,给出了不同估计方法的优缺点和适用范围。     

The effects of roundabouts on traffic safety for bicyclists: an observational study

A before-and-after study was carried out of injury accidents involving bicyclists on 91 roundabouts in Flanders-Belgium. The study design accounted for the effects of general safety trends and regression-to-the-mean, but could not take into account the possibility of specific changes in traffic volume at roundabouts. The conversion of intersections into roundabouts produces a significant 27% increase in the number of injury accidents involving bicyclists on or nearby the roundabouts. The increase is even higher for accidents involving fatal or serious injuries (41-46%). Compared to the proven favourable effects of roundabouts on safety in general, this result is unexpectedly poor. However, the effects of roundabouts on bicycle accidents differ depending on whether these roundabouts are built inside or outside built-up areas. When inside built-up areas, the construction of roundabouts increased the number of injury accidents involving bicyclists by 48%. For accidents causing fatal or serious injuries inside built-up areas, an average increase of 77% was found. However, outside built-up areas the zero-hypothesis of 'no safety effect for bicyclists' cannot be rejected (best estimate: +1% accidents, not significant). Roundabouts that replace traffic signals perform worse when compared to roundabouts at other types of intersections.