中国和欧盟食品接触材料新品种管理模式研究

食品接触材料新品种的风险评估及风险管理对保障食品安全、促进行业创新具有重要意义.本文通过对比我国和欧盟食品接触材料风险管理机构、法规管理框架、原料管理模式和新品种风险评估等方面的优缺点,梳理欧盟模式中值得我国借鉴的内容,为优化我国食品接触材料新品种风险评估及风险管理模式提出建议.     

加拿大食品召回管理分析

为及时对加拿大食品安全突发事件做出有效处理,加拿大食品检验署负责食品召回以保证消费者的健康。为完善我国的食品安全政策并为食品召回提供借鉴,详细介绍了加拿大食品召回的法律框架和具体实施情况。     

欧盟与我国食品接触材料监管体系的对比和分析

食品接触材料的质量控制是食品安全的重要保障。本文对欧盟食品接触材料的标准法规和管理体系的特点进行了分析, 并与我国食品接触材料法规和标准体系建设的现状进行了对比。同时就如何借鉴欧盟法规和管理体系上的优点进一步加强我国食品接触材料管理体系的建设提出了建议。     

我国特殊食品法律法规和标准体系现状研究

《食品安全法》第七十四条规定,国家对保健食品、特殊医学用途配方食品和婴幼儿配方食品等特殊食品实行严格监督管理。我国以《食品安全法》作为法律依据,以相关的法规和规章作为补充,建立较为完善的法律法规体系,保障特殊食品的生产经营在约束范围内进行。本文对近年来特殊食品颁布的法律、法规、规章和标准进行系统阐述,总结我国特殊食品的法规体系和标准体系现状。     

国家食品药品监督管理总局关于监督食品生产经营者严格落实食品安全主体责任的通告

为监督食品生产经营者落实食品安全主体责任,根据《中华人民共和国食品安全法》(以下简称食品安全法)等法律法规有关规定,国家食品药品监督管理总局通过2015年第16号公告,对关于监督食品生产经营者严格落实食品安全主体责任进行了通告。主要内容如下:一、食品生产经营者应当保证生产销售的食品符合法律、法规规定以及食品安全标准的要求,并对生产销售不符合食品安全标准的产品承担相应的法律责任。     

国内外不锈钢食品接触材料法规研究

随着经济发展及生活水平的提高, 食品安全问题越来越受到广泛关注。近年来,由食品接触材料安全引起的食品安全事件的频繁发生,使食品接触材料安全成为人员关注食品安全的新焦点,当然也包括不锈钢食品接触材料。本文从不锈钢食品接触材料的安全要求和测试条件等方面,分析了ISO、欧盟、日本、韩国等各国的法规和标准现状,比较了各国标准的差异,对我国不锈钢食品接触材料标准的制定和安全评价提出了相关建议。     

试论食品从业人员食品安全知识培训地方标准的编制

为规范对食品从业人员的食品安全知识培训,在对国家相关法律、法规、规范性文件和标准进行研究的基础上,在国家尚未对食品从业人员食品安全知识培训提出具体要求、各地做法不尽相同的前提下,提出食品从业人员的食品安全知识培训地方标准的制定,并对食品从业人员的食品安全知识培训地方标准的相关内容进行阐述.针对食品从业人员的食品安全知识...     

欧盟就解脂耶氏酵母富硒生物质作为新型食品安全性发布意见

2020年1月31日,欧洲食品安全局就解脂耶氏酵母富硒生物质(selenium-enriched biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica)作为新型食品的安全性发布意见。应欧盟委员会的要求,欧盟膳食、营养和过敏症科学小组(NDA)根据法规(EU)2015/2283就解脂耶氏酵母生物质作为新型食品提供科学意见。     

多国食品新规密集出台 食品出口面临新挑战

近期,各国食品新规密集更新表明,食品安全、标签透明成人们关注热点,部分产品出口要求愈加严苛,食品出口将面临新挑战。许多国家加强食品进口检查措施。4月4日,欧盟发布法规,强化对部分非动物源性食品和饲料的检查力度,这包含加强对我国干面条中铝的含量以及对柚子与茶叶中的农药残留的检查力度。     

欧盟塑料食品接触材料新法规浅析

欧盟塑料食品接触材料新法规修改和细化了塑料食品接触材料的安全性要求,进行了更为详细、规范和合理的规定.本文介绍了欧盟塑料食品接触材料新法规的主要内容,及其与原塑料指令之间的变化,旨在全面、深入了解欧盟对塑料食品接触材料的管理模式和走向,分析其中可为我国食品接触材料管理所用的内容,为监管部门以及相关行业、企业提供参考.我国在修订GB 9685-2008、构建食品接触材料标准体系中也可以借鉴法规中的一些管理内容及管理思路.     

International legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food: a review

Environmental contaminants such as trace elements may be present in all foods. Foods, raw materials and ingredients for food production are to an increasing extent traded across borders. Hence, there is a need for international legislation on trace elements as contaminants in food. In 1961, the FAO and WHO established the Codex Alimentarius to elaborate international food legislation. Contaminants in food are handled by the Codex Committee for Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC). The Codex Alimentarius system for developing legislation concerning trace elements as contaminants in food is based upon the Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food (GSCTF). By October 2001, the principles for setting maximum limits (MLs) for contaminants in food are agreed, and work is in progress on MLs for trace elements such as lead and cadmium in the various food categories. The status for the proposals is presented and discussed. The EU Regulation 466/2001 of 8 March 2001 sets MLs for lead and cadmium in various foods. This regulation will apply from 5 April 2002. The EU regulation is more detailed but similar to the Codex draft standards for lead and cadmium in food. In future, legislators and administrators in the Codex and EU and analytical chemists will discuss how to use more and better analytical data as risk-management tools to protect public health. Trace elements' speciation is an important aspect of this discussion.     

中国食品安全的过去、现在和将来

本文从国家食品安全管理体制、食品安全国家标准以及风险分析框架的应用三个方面来回顾中国的食品安全,并展望将来。中国的国家食品安全管理体制从单一部门管理为主,演变为多部门的分段管理,又发展为市场监管总局、海关总署和农业农村部为主。法律层面也从《食品卫生法》发展为遵循风险分析框架的新《食品安全法》(2015年10月实施)。中国的食品安全国家标准也从食品卫生标准发展为食品安全标准,从互不协调、相互矛盾的三套强制性国家标准整合为一套食品安全国家标准,在覆盖面、技术水平、实用性,以及与国际标准接轨方面,都取得了长足的进步。对于国际公认的风险分析框架,从缺乏认识,到增加理解和认真实施,在全面开展风险监测、建立适合国情的风险评估制度、加强风险交流等方面取得了突出的成绩和进步。然而,也应该清醒地看到,中国当前在食品安全方面还存在很多问题。食源性疾病的监测和控制还比较薄弱,食品掺假或欺诈还相当普遍,风险交流面临严峻挑战(消费者对食品安全的过度担心)。为了尽快提升中国食品的质量和安全性,一是要做到从农田到餐桌的全产业链食品安全保障,二是政府要做到全产业链的一体化无缝监管。     

从二起保健食品处罚案谈对《保健食品管理办法》的修订

为规范保健食品市场秩序 ,对 2起利用宣传资料进行夸大宣传保健功能的违法经销商进行了查处。对现行的《保健食品管理办法》在保健食品监督管理中存在的不足进行了分析 ,并提出了修改和完善的建议。     

欧盟食品和饲料快速预警机制(RASFF)简介及2004年度预警通报分析

简要介绍了欧盟食品和饲料快速预警机制（RASFF）的成立背景及运行机制和主要内容，对2004年RASFF的所有通报及与我国大陆出口食品有关的信息进行了分析，并指出我国出口欧盟食品需关注的问题。     

Eco-innovative technologies for extraction of proteins for human consumption from renewable protein sources of plant origin

BackgroundThe need for renewable and sustainable sources of proteins is growing. Diets containing more plant protein are increasing due to several reasons: the negative environmental impacts of animal protein production, the increasing vegetarianism and veganism trends, and inadequate consumer acceptance of food grade insects.Scope and approachThis paper links the isolation of valuable proteins from sustainable sources – by-products from processing industry of plant origin and eco-innovative technologies which are emerging for this purpose (electrostatic separation, subcritical water extraction, reverse micelles extraction, aqueous two-phase systems extraction, enzyme-, microwave-, ultrasound-, pulsed electric energy- and high pressure-assisted extraction). In this way, not only the key challenges of modern food processing are met-the assurance of cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly production, but also the concept of zero food waste seems more achievable.Key findings and conclusionsA number of different techniques have emerged with high potential to assist protein extraction of preserved techno-functional properties, but they are still in the early stage of its industrial applications. In the EU, its industrial application may be hindered by legislative issues. The respective Novel Food Regulation classifies food obtained in a production process not used for food production before 15 May 1997, as “novel food’’ and the regulatory status for each single case must be sought. On the other hand, the utilization of novel processing technologies is regulatory encouraged in EU due to their potential to reduce the environmental impact of food production, enhance food security and bring benefits to consumers.     

Migration of antimony from PET containers into regulated EU food simulants

Antimony migration from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers into aqueous (distilled water, 3% acetic acid, 10% and 20% ethanol) and fatty food simulants (vegetable oil), as well as into vinegar, was studied. Test conditions were according to the recent European Regulation 10/2011 (EU, 2011). Sb migration was assayed by ICP-MS and HG-AFS. The results showed that Sb migration values ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 μg Sb/l, which are far below the maximum permissible migration value for Sb, 40 μg Sb/kg, (EU, Regulation 10/2011). Parameters as temperature and bottle re-use influence were studied. To assess toxicity, antimony speciation was performed by HPLC-ICP-MS and HG-AFS. While Sb(V) was the only species detected in aqueous simulants, an additional species (Sb–acetate complex) was measured in wine vinegar. Unlike most of the studies reported in the literature, migration tests were based on the application of the EU directive, which enables comparison and harmonisation of results.     

Welfare of animals at slaughter and killing: a new regulation on the protection of animals at the time of killing

Recently, the European Commission (EC) has published a proposal for a Council Regulation on the protection of animals at the time of killing. The proposed regulation will enhance the technical requirements of Directive 93/119/EC on the protection of animals at the time of slaughter or killing, which have not been amended since 1993. The main specific problems identified with the present EU legislation are the lack of harmonized methodology for new stunning methods, the lack of clear responsibilities for operators on animal welfare, the insufficient competence of personnel handling animals and insufficient conditions for the welfare of animals during killing for disease control purposes. The adoption of the “Hygiene Regulation Package”, which emphasizes the responsibilities of the food business operators on food safety, has also changed the legal environment for slaughterhouses. Furthermore, the first Community Action Plan on the Protection and Welfare of Animals, adopted by the EC in 2006, introduced new concepts such as the welfare indicators and the need for further research programs and centres of reference on animal welfare. Also, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted two scientific opinions in 2004 and 2006 on the different stunning and killing methods to be used for main farm species either for slaughter for human consumption or for disease control purposes. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 2005 also adopted two international guidelines on the welfare of animals at slaughter. After presenting a picture of situation of meat sector in EU, the Author provides a broad overview on the regulatory situation and considers the legislative and scientific perspectives that lead the EC to draft new rules in this regard.     

解读《餐饮业食品索证管理规定》

为正确理解餐饮业食品采购索证管理规定,便于有效贯彻执行,对《餐饮业食品索证管理规定》的制定依据、背景情况、制定原则和主要内容进行论述。我国应广泛开展《规定》的宣传培训,督促餐饮单位建立统一、规范化的采购和进货验收台账制度,切实提高餐饮卫生安全。     

中国部分食品生产企业对营养标签依从性调查

目的了解中国部分食品生产企业对食品营养标签技术指标的依从性。方法用调查表对我国90家食品生产企业进行基本情况、产品检测情况、营养标签制作和使用情况以及对《食品营养标签管理规范》的理解和执行能力进行调查。结果回收企业调查问卷31份,回收率34.4%,其中通过实验室认可或者计量认证者占51.6%,开展营养成分检测者占67.7%。营养标签知识掌握情况较差,对部分技术要点回答正确率约在30%;内资、合资和外资企业等不同性质企业之间比较,差异无统计学意义。64.5%的企业产品标注营养成分表。结论食品企业在产品中广泛使用营养标签,但多不符合现行要求,营养知识缺乏是主要原因。     

欧洲婴儿食品包装材料析出氨基脲风险交流案例分析

欧洲的食品加工企业发现婴儿食品包装材料(PVC)中析出了化学物质氨基脲(semicarbazide,SEM)。由于SEM具有致癌性,引起了社会广泛关注。在风险交流领域,欧盟食品安全局(EFSA)处理SEM事件是一个成功的实例。鉴于国内学术界对此尚未有系统性总结,本文对EFSA采取的风险交流策略进行详细分析,从3个方面总结经验,即(1)风险交流渠道;(2)维护信誉;(3)提供信息,以期为我国监管者应对食品包装配料析出有害有毒物质类似事件,开展风险交流工作提供参考依据。