对软件可靠性测试的认识

随着科学技术的飞速发展,现代工业产品中软件所占比例越来越高,规模越来越大,软件测试的难度也随之进一步提高,软件产品的可靠性也更加难以度量。目前,软件可靠性工程还处于发展确立阶段,还没有建立起权威性的管理体系和规范,虽然建立的许多软件可靠性模型在一定程度上描述了软件可靠性,但至今尚无哪一个模型能够适合广泛的应用。因此从事软件可靠性测试与评估研究是一个具有理论价值和实际意义的工作。本文就软件测试对软件质量的可靠性进行了相关阐述。     

软件测试中可靠性模型的设计与研究

软件测试是保证软件质量和提高软件可靠性的关键所在,而软件可靠性是衡量软件质量的重要指标之一,二者有着非常紧密的联系。软件可靠性模型既是软件可靠性进行定量分析的基础和保障,也是软件可靠性进行预测的核心和关键,对保证软件质量起到了非常重要的作用。文中结合软件测试与软件可靠性及其模型的相关理论,通过对Seeding模型的分析与改进,提出了一种适用于软件测试的可靠性模型。实验结果表明,使用文中提出的软件可靠性模型能较好地满足软件对可靠性评估的要求,较好地应用在软件测试中。     

软件可靠性工程综述

软件可靠性工程是近年来随着软件开发规模不断扩大,为了降低开发风险、减少成本、保证软件质量而提出的。一直以来,对于软件可靠性的理解都相对片面,不能有效地指导工程实践。本文介绍了有关软件可靠性工程的一般概念,并对其中的工作过程、软件可靠性建模、软件可靠性设计以及软件测试等问题进行了探讨和研究。基本涵盖了近一段时间以来软件开发当中为了保证软件可靠性所需或可选的一些工作过程和方法。     

软件可靠性测试充分性研究

在阐述了软件测试充分性的定义和软件测试充分性准则的定义、分类和作用的基础上，形式化分析了软件正确性测试充分性和软件可靠性测试充分性的目的和实质，重点研究了软件可靠性测试的充分性，将软件可靠性测试充分性准则分为软件可靠性增长测试充分性准则和软件可靠性验证测试充分性准则，给出将测试充分性准则用于可靠性测试流程的模型。     

一种软件可靠性的随机测试模型研究

本文提出一种基于随机测试模型的软件可靠性测试方法、评判准则和测试策略,并利用蒙特卡罗方法进行了分析。通过实例证明了该模型在软件测试中的实用性和有效性,使用该模型可以提高软件测试的准确性和正确率、缩短软件测试的周期。     

软件测试和可靠性评估模型选择

本文简要介绍了软件测试和软件可靠性评估模型选择的基本方法。     

软件可靠性度量方法

分析软件故障暴露率与软件测试次数之间的关系,提出在保证可靠性测试结果客观准确的前提下,有效减少验证测试次数的方法。结合软件可靠性和体系结构相关理论,提出基于组件的软件失效率定量计算方法。研究并利用软件可靠性度量方法,提高了软件可靠性测试效率和可靠性评估准确性。     

论体系结构下关于软件可靠性的分析

随着全球软件研发行业的不断发展,以及新型软件测试模型的出现与应用,在软件体系结构建模中,可以清晰表达软件可靠性的测试的结果,而且对于软件可靠性的研究与改进也具有一定的促进意义。     

软件可靠性建模研究

依据软件可靠性特征,提出以解决软件开发逻辑思维正确性为建模基本问题的可靠性建模思想。给出基于失效过程的软件可靠性定义,以及一种基于“任务-事件-功能”的软件体系结构准则,进行了形式化描述和理论证明。阐述从功能可靠性、事件可靠性到任务可靠性的分层可靠性预计方法,在建模中融合了软件可靠性设计以及软件测试和管理。     

军用软件可靠性测试管理中模型的应用

软件可靠性测试是软件开发过程中的一个重要环节,将软件可靠性增长模型应用到软件可靠性的测试过程中,可以为测试的进行提供有价值的管理决策依据。军用软件可靠性的测试及管理是控制军用软件质量的重要方法。该文给出了一种军用软件测试管理模型,在此基础上进一步讨论了Musa模型在测试管理中的应用,最后对实例进行了分析。     

浅析工程应用软件的可靠性测试技术实施

本文通过对软件可靠性模型的分析探讨，对工程应用软件的样本测试提出了检验性测试和验证性测试的思路。根据该思路的测试步骤，论述了测试中案例的选取和运行轨道，以及与测试相关的测试策略和评判标准，并借助实际工程应用软件样本，对测试结果进行了综合评定。     

Stretching the paradigm for software reliability assurance

Reliability of a software product is best assured by the same means as reliability of any other product is assured: by a systematic, end-to-end, design for reliability process that begins at product concept and follows through to customer service after delivery. Steps in this process are coordinated with the phases of the product realization (software development) process and include specific reliability improvement activities that complement each phase. This represents a new approach to software reliability assurance needs, contrasted with the traditional inspection and rework approach commonly taken to software reliability assurance via reliability growth testing and modelling. The program we describe draws on contemporary principles of quality management and reliability engineering for its overall structure. Also, several important and promising new areas of software reliability research devolving from this expanded paradigm are sketched.     

An experimental study of adaptive testing for software reliability assessment

Adaptive testing is a new form of software testing that is based on the feedback and adaptive control principle and can be treated as the software testing counterpart of adaptive control. Our previous work has shown that adaptive testing can be formulated and guided in theory to minimize the variance of an unbiased software reliability estimator and to achieve optimal software reliability assessment. In this paper, we present an experimental study of adaptive testing for software reliability assessment, where the adaptive testing strategy, the random testing strategy and the operational profile based testing strategy were applied to the Space program in four experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive testing strategy can really work in practice and may noticeably outperform the other two. Therefore, the adaptive testing strategy can serve as a preferable alternative to the random testing strategy and the operational profile based testing strategy if high confidence in the reliability estimates is required or the real-world operational profile of the software under test cannot be accurately identified.     

软件可靠性估计与计算复杂性的关系浅析

软件可靠性估计是软件可靠性研究的重要问题之一.提出一种根据软件随机测试的结果进行软件可靠性估计的方法.它使被测软件的复杂性成为估计公式中的一个因素,从而克服了现有同类方法把软件看作是黑箱的缺点.它以软件的邻域集合的伪维数作为软件复杂性度量,从而使根据软件的可能错误空间进行可靠性估计成为可能.还证明了算法的计算复杂性与软件所可能计算的函数集合的伪维数之间存在着一定的联系.     

星载设备嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试系统设计

在分析了嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试环境的功能需求和组成结构的基础上,设计了一种嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试系统,专用于星载设备嵌入式软件的可靠性测试.阐述了星载嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试系统的设计实现目标,设计了系统的组成结构,详细介绍了各个部分的具体实现.系统的实现采用了现代微机的高性能、多线程以及USB技术.最后通过一个星载设备嵌入式软件的可靠性仿真测试验证了所设计的仿真测试系统对于嵌入式软件可靠性仿真测试是适用的,并且是完善、灵活并极具实用价值的.     

软件可靠性的GP演化建模

为解决软件可靠性模型的不一致性,摆脱传统模型多种主观假设的束缚,提出了采用遗传程序设计(GP)的演化算法建立基于软件失效间隔时间序列的软件可靠性模型。针对装甲兵工程学院的某软件测试用例进行演化建模,并对其性能指标进行了分析评价,结果验证了GP算法的可行性以及拟合、预测的有效性,从而能有效地应用于软件系统测试,保障数据的有效性。     

基于Agent的软件可靠性评估系统

1 引言现代软件产品的重要特征之一是软件质量,而软件可靠性被认为是软件质量的关键因素。软件可靠性指软件在特定环境和给定时间内无故障运行的概率。它面向用户而不是开发者,是软件质量诸多因素中最容易度量的属性。软件可靠性模型是随机过程的一种表示,可以将软件可靠性或与其直接有关的量(如平均无故障时间或故障率)表示成时间以及软件产品     

Optimal and adaptive testing for software reliability assessment

Optimal software testing is concerned with how to test software such that the underlying testing goal is achieved in an optimal manner. Our previous work shows that the optimal testing problem for software reliability growth can be treated as closed-loop or feedback control problem, where the software under test serves as a controlled object and the software testing strategy serves as the corresponding controller. More specifically, the software under test is modeled as controlled Markov chains (CMCs) and the control theory of Markov chains is used to synthesize the required optimal testing strategy. In this paper, we show that software reliability assessment can be treated as a feedback control problem and the CMC approach is also applicable to dealing with the optimal testing problem for software reliability assessment. In this problem, the code of the software under test is frozen and the software testing process is optimized in the sense that the variance of the software reliability estimator is minimized. An adaptive software testing strategy is proposed that uses the testing data collected on-line to estimate the required parameters and selects next test cases. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive software testing strategy can really work in the sense that the resulting variance of the software reliability estimate is much smaller than that resulting from the random testing strategies. The work presented in this paper is a contribution to the new area of software cybernetics that explores the interplay between software and control.     

软件可靠性指标分配工具Asitool

本文对自顶向下、逐步细化的软件结构化设计技术，提出一个软件可靠性分配方法，并在此基础上，开发了一个可供实际用于软件可靠性分配的工具——Ａｓｓｉ－ｔｏｏｌ     

A mathematical modeling framework for software reliability testing†

Software reliability testing refers to various software testing activities that are driven to achieve a quantitative reliability goal given a priori or lead to a quantitative reliability assessment for the software under test. In this paper we develop a modeling framework for the software reliability testing process, comprising a simplifying model and a generalized model. In both models the software testing action selection process and the defect removal mechanism are explicitly described. Both the discrete-time domain and the continuous-time domain are involved. The generalized model is more accurate or realistic than the simplifying model since the former avoids the assumption that defects are equally detectable and the assumption that defects are removed upon being detected. However simulation examples show that the simplifying model really captures some of essential features of the software testing process after a short initial testing stage. The modeling framework is practically realistic, mathematically rigorous, and quantitatively precise. It demonstrates that the relationship between software testing and delivered software reliability, which was poor understood, can well be formulated and quantified. Rigorous examinations show that several common assumptions adopted in software reliability modeling, including the independence assumption, the exponentiality assumption, and the NHPP assumption, are theoretically false in general. This paper sets a good starting point to further formalize and quantify the software testing process and its relation to delivered software reliability.