LDHs功能材料在建筑领域的应用研究进展

层状双（或复合）金属氢氧化物（Layered Double Hydroxides,LDHs）是一类具有特殊结构与功能的新型层状材料,因其独特的组成结构可调变性及记忆效应等特性使其在诸多领域获得广泛的研究和应用。综述了LDHs材料的组成、结构和性质以及近年来LDHs功能材料在混凝土、涂料、保温材料及其他建材中的应用进展。讨论了LDHs材料的特点和应用机理,并分析了当前LDHs材料存在的制备成本高、制备工艺条件苛刻、剥离困难及插层组装定位取向和机理分析不够成熟、用途较单一等问题。最后对LDHs在超分子功能材料及剥离重组等方面的开发使用进行了展望。     

水滑石类插层材料的制备技术及应用

水滑石类插层材料(LDHs)具有特殊的层状结构,其组成、离子种类和数量、晶粒尺寸等参量都可以进行调控,使其具有特殊的性能,成为当前研究的热点.主要介绍了LDHs的基本结构、诸多性质、制备技术及应用领域,有助于更全面地认识LDHs以及对其研究的重要性.     

MoO4^2-插层Mg／Al／Ti—LDHs的结构及其催化性能研究

用共沉淀法制备层板含钛的镁铝钛三元层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）,将其作为前驱体,利用离子交换法制备MoO4^2-阴离子插层结构的MoO4^2--LDHs型超分子材料,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和热重及差热分析（TG—DTA）等对插层化合物及其焙烧产物的结构进行了分析,结果表明,通过共沉淀和离子交换法成功得到晶体结构较为理想的层板含Ti^4＋的三元LDHs以及具有超分子结构的MoO4^2-插层LDH化合物。研究发现,MoO4^2--LDHs在500℃焙烧,产物在丙烯环氧化反应中具有较高的催化活性,这与形成一定结合形式和组成的多元复合金属氧化物有关、     

层状双金属氢氧化物的合成与应用

层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）是近来受到广泛关注的一类新型固体催化材料，具有碱性、氧化还原性和层间阴离子可交换性。本文综述了近年来层状双金属氢氧化物合成与应用方面的研究进展。主要包括LDHs及柱撑LDHs的合成方法，LDHs及其焙烧产物在碱催化、氧化还原催化和催化剂载体、功能材料、医药等领域的应用。     

LDHs及其复合材料处理重金属废水的研究进展

面对水体中威胁人类健康的重金属污染,研制吸附效率高、成本低、绿色无污染且对多种重金属离子具有吸附效果的吸附剂是国内外学者共同努力的一个重要方向.层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)是一类具有较大比表面积和较高阴离子交换容量的层状结构化合物,在重金属废水处理方面具有潜在吸附优势.基于前人的研究,分别综述了部分层状双氢氧化物及其复合材料在处理废水中重金属阳离子、重金属阴离子及类金属离子方面的研究进展;在此基础上,总结了层状双氢氧化物及其复合材料在处理重金属废水过程中的作用机理.对开发研制高效、经济、可再生的用于处理含多种重金属离子废水的层状双氢氧化物类吸附剂具有参考价值.     

水滑石在多相催化中应用的研究进展

叙述了水滑石类化合物作为固体酸碱催化剂、氧化还原反应催化剂、催化剂载体等方面的应用情况,提出了水滑石类化合物作为一类新型的环境友好的固体催化剂,在醇醛缩合、腈类水解、环氧化物的开环反应、芳烃类化合物的氧化、醇类氧化、硝基化合物的还原等许多重要的有机合成反应具有重要的应用前景,并且与传统催化剂相比具有污染小、易分离、反应活性高等优点。     

层状双金属氢氧化物用于催化水氧化的研究进展

通过太阳能光解水制取能源(如氢气)是开发清洁能源的重要途径之一,而水分解的半反应--水氧化过程是整体水分解的重要环节与限速步。发展高效、稳定、易获取的水氧化催化剂是实现有效水分解的关键。层状双金属氢氧化物(layered double hydroxides, LDHs)由于其独特的二维层状结构与灵活调变的化学组成,近年来作为水氧化反应催化剂受到研究者越来越多的关注。除用于电化学水氧化的催化剂外,LDHs在光(电)催化水氧化方面也表现出独特的优势。研究者正致力于LDHs基高效水氧化催化剂的研究,取得了很好的进展。主要综述了LDHs及其复合结构在催化水氧化方面的最新研究进展,以期为水氧化催化剂的结构设计与性能增强提供新的思路。     

LDHs的改性及其阻燃应用研究进展

概述了水滑石类化合物(LDHs)的性能特点、阻燃作用机理,重点介绍了LDHs改性的应用研究进展,指出了其今后的发展方向。     

纳米层状双金属氢氧化物的制备及结构表征

采用恒定pH 12±0.2,按n(Mg2+)∶n(Al3+)∶n(OH-)∶n(CO2-3)=6∶2∶16∶1配制溶液,采用一步反应液相法,制备纳米层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)粉体.为了获得无团聚、分散均匀的纳米粉体,探讨了溶剂置换干燥、真空干燥、常压干燥对纳米LDH粉体形成团聚的影响;用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、红外光谱仪和元素分析仪对样品的物相、形貌、粒径和组成进行了表征.结果表明,溶剂置换干燥能够有效防止纳米粉体形成硬团聚,样品分散性好,呈针状形态,长50 nm,宽5 nm.     

Preparation and properties of LDHs/polyimide nanocomposites

Layered double hydroxides/polyimide (LDHs/PI) nanocomposites were prepared from solution of polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) and LDH-amino benzoate using N,N-dimethylacetamide as a solvent. LDH-amino benzoate (LDH-AB) was obtained by coprecipitation method. The amino benzoate, grafted on the surface of the Mg/Al nanolayers, as a connector improved the compatibility between the inorganic Mg/Al nanolayers and the organic polyimide molecules. The dispersion behavior of Mg/Al nanolayers was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, indicating that the Mg/Al nanolayers were exfoliated in PI matrix to form LDH-AB/PI nanocomposites. The maximum tensile strength and elongation of the LDH-AB/PI nanocomposites were found with the LDH-AB content of 5 and 4 wt%, respectively. The initial tensile modulus of these nanocomposites was increased with the LDH-AB content. These nanocomposites exhibited higher storage and loss moduli compared to those of pure PI. T_g of these nanocomposites increased with the LDH-AB content. Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE, below and above T_g) of these nanocomposites deceased with the LDH-AB content. The thermal properties of these nanocomposites were enhanced by the incorporation of Mg/Al nanolayers in PI matrix.     

Synthesis and properties of polypropylene/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites with different LDHs particle sizes

In order to investigate whether the particle sizes of inorganic additives in polymer have an influence on the flame‐retardant and other properties of the polymer, five types of Mg₃Al–CO₃ layered double hydroxide (LDHs) with particle diameters of 80–100, 200–350, 500–550, 550–600, and 700–900 nm were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The obtained Mg₃Al–CO₃ LDHs were treated using the aqueous miscible organic solvent treatment method to give highly dispersed platelets in Polypropylene (PP). The thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the PP/AMO–LDH nanocomposites were investigated systematically. The results showed that the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP could be improved after incorporating AMO–LDHs. The temperature at 50% weight loss (T_0.5) of PP/LDH (700–900 nm) nanocomposites with a LDH loading of 15 wt % was increased by 57 °C. When the LDHs loading was 40 wt %, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the PP/LDH nanocomposites with small LDHs particle sizes (<350 nm) was decreased by ca. 58%. The limiting oxygen index was increased by 5% for PP/LDH (80–100 nm) nanocomposites. The response surface regression results also indicated that both LDH particle size and loading have influence on PHRR, heat release capacity, tensile strength, and elongation at break. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46204.     

Structure and Basicity of Mesoporous Materials from Mg/Al/In Layered Double Hydroxides Prepared by Separate Nucleation and Aging Steps Method

This paper presents the synthesis of mesoporous materials from hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with the Mg^{2 +}/(Al^{3 +} + In^{3 +}) molar ratio of 3.0 on the brucite-like lattice and the interlayer carbonate anions, using a novel separate nucleation and aging steps method developed in our laboratory. The physicochemical properties of as-synthesized LDHs and resulting calcined products at 500C were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), ²⁷Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments. The results indicate calcination of LDHs with a well-crystallized single phase and nanoscale crystallites leads to the formation of the type MgO-like phase, and the pore size distributions of uncalcined and calcined LDHs are mostly in the range of mesopores. Furthermore, calcined materials have higher surface areas, pore volumes, pore diameters and surface basicities than corresponding precursors. When used as solid base catalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzaldehyde, the material with higher density of base sites on the surface also exhibited a higher catalytic activity. Particularly, calcined MgAlIn-LDH has highest density of base sites resulting in a highest catalytic activity, as points to an important role of indium as a modifier of the surface properties of solid base catalysts.     

水滑石基电极材料的结构调控及电化学储能应用研究进展

水滑石是一种具有层板金属阳离子可搭配、层间客体可替代和高分散性的二维层板状纳米材料,在能量存储与转换应用领域获得广泛的关注和研究.但由于水滑石自身存在容易聚集和电导率差并且在电化学循环过程中易粉化的问题,因此需对水滑石基电极材料进行针对性结构设计,从而提高其电化学性能.系统介绍了水滑石材料的结构与性质特点和当下对其结构...     

二氧化铈/钙铝水滑石/活性炭的制备及环境应用

采用超声辅助共沉淀法,制备了二氧化铈/钙铝水滑石/活性炭复合材料(CeO₂/CaAl-LDHs/AC)。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热重分析技术,对CeO₂/CaAl-LDHs/AC的形貌、组成和结构进行了表征。结果发现:花样片层状的CeO₂/CaAl-LDHs材料均匀地分布在活性炭上。考察了CeO₂/CaAl-LDHs/AC对水溶液中铬(Ⅵ)、铅(Ⅱ)、氟和孔雀绿的吸附性能。此类污染物的吸附过程均符合准二阶动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型;在pH=7、45℃和吸附时间2h条件下,CeO₂/CaAl-LDHs/AC可成功用于铬(Ⅵ)、铅(Ⅱ)、氟和孔雀绿的吸附去除,最大吸附量分别为83.06mg/g、131.58mg/g、61.20mg/g和420.17mg/g。     

Potential for Layered Double Hydroxides-Based,Innovative Drug Delivery Systems

Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)-based drug delivery systems have, for many years, shown great promises for the delivery of chemical therapeutics and bioactive molecules to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. This system offers high efficiency and drug loading density, as well as excellent protection of loaded molecules from undesired degradation. Toxicological studies have also found LDHs to be biocompatible compared with other widely used nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, silica, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. A plethora of bio-molecules have been reported to either attach to the surface of or intercalate into LDH materials through co-precipitation or anion-exchange reaction, including amino acid and peptides, ATPs, vitamins, and even polysaccharides. Recently, LDHs have been used for gene delivery of small molecular nucleic acids, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, PCR fragments, siRNA molecules or sheared genomic DNA. These nano-medicines have been applied to target cells or organs in gene therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes current progress of the development of LDHs nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleotides, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer drugs and recent LDH application in medical research. Ground breaking studies will be highlighted and an outlook of the possible future progress proposed. It is hoped that the layered inorganic material will open up new frontier of research, leading to new nano-drugs in clinical applications.     

水滑石纳米材料特性及其在电化学生物传感器方面的应用

阐述了水滑石纳米材料结构和性能之间的关系及近年来水滑石纳米材料在电化学生物传感器方面应用的最新进展。重点介绍了水滑石纳米材料在吸附生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定生物酶制备电化学传感器、水滑石纳米片固定其它活性组分制备电化学传感器、水滑石自构筑电化学传感器等方面的应用。着重对水滑石纳米材料制备电化学传感器的机理和制备方法进行了系统概述。提出了水滑石纳米材料构筑电化学生物传感器应用研究的发展趋势：对水滑石纳米材料进行多层、多组分、微型化和阵列化等多样化设计,指出高选择性和高灵敏度检测是未来新型电化学生物传感器应用研究的主要发展方向。     

Comparison of morphology and mechanical properties of peroxide‐cured acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/LDH composites prepared from different organically modified LDHs

Rubber compounds based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) containing organically modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared using peroxide as a curing agent. The LDHs intercalated by organic compounds including sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) while the unmodified LDHs were used as contrast. Experimental results from TGA and XRD showed that both SSS‐ and SDBS‐intercalated LDHs were successfully obtained. The morphology of the LDH composites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and XRD. The chemical structure of NBR/LDHs compounds were measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The thermal properties were measured by TGA and differential scanning calorimetry. Other properties such as mechanical and swelling properties were also investigated. The results showed that a chemical bonding between organically modified LDHs and rubber matrix through SSS was built during vulcanization, which leads to improved interfacial strength of the cured compound. A high‐performance acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/SSS‐modified LDH compound, which has two times higher tensile strength than cured pure rubber without significant loss of elongation, was obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Preparation and properties of LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs)/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared by mixing the amino laurate intercalated LDHs, EPON 828 resin, and Jeffamine D400 as a curing agent. The organo-modified LDHs with hydrophobic property easily disperse in epoxy resin, and the amino laurate intercalated LDHs with large gallery space allow the epoxy molecules and the curing agents to easily diffuse into the LDHs galleries at elevated temperature. After the thermal curing process, the exfoliated LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites were formed. X-ray diffraction was used to detect the formation process of the exfoliated LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites. TEM was used to observe the dispersed behavior of the LDHs nanolayers, and the LDHs nanolayers were exfoliated and well dispersed in these nanocomposites. Owing to the reaction between the amine groups of the intercalated amino laurate and epoxy groups, the adhesion between the LDHs nanolayers and epoxy molecules makes these LDHs/epoxy nanocomposites more compatible. Consequently, the tensile properties from tensile test and the mechanical properties from DMA were enhanced, and the T_g of these nanocomposites from DMA and TMA were increased. Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs, below and above T_g) of these nanocomposites from TMA decreased with the LDHs content. The thermal stability of these nanocomposites was enhanced by the well dispersed LDHs nanolayers.