强碱-阳极氧化法处理Ti片制备TiO_2薄膜的研究

本文利用强碱-阳极氧化法对钛片进行改性,制备TiO2薄膜;用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）考察了不同电解液浓度下氧化电压对TiO2氧化膜形貌及组成的影响。结果发现,在本实验条件下,该法制得的氧化膜是由三种钛氧化物组成的,主要成分是TiO2,此外还有低价钛氧化物Ti2O3及TiO;氧化电压的不同会对薄膜形貌产生重要的影响,当氧化电压较高时,氧化膜的厚度比较厚且致密;钛表面生成氧化膜大致过程可概括为：Ti→TiO→Ti2O3→TiO2,其中TiO转为为TiO2的几率依靠电势的大小及氧化时间的长短。     

二氧化钛纳米管阵列制备和光催化降解甲基橙

采用电化学阳极氧化的方法,以氟化铵水溶液为电解液,在纯钛表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解效果。结果表明,TiO2纳米管阵列催化降解效果要好于TiO2薄膜电极,60、120和180 min时,降解率分别为56%、88%和100%;而TiO2薄膜电极的降解率分别为43%、76%和91%。在此基础上,考察了阳极氧化电压、氧化时间和焙烧温度对阳极氧化过程的影响规律。结果表明,阳极氧化电压在10～25 V,氧化时间在1～2 h,焙烧温度在500℃时所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解性能最好。     

二氧化钛纳米管阵列制备和光催化降解亚甲基蓝

采用电化学阳极氧化的方法,以氟化铵水溶液为电解液,在纯钛表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列。以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察了TiO2纳米管阵列光催化降解效果。结果表明,TiO2纳米管阵列催化降解效果要好于TiO2薄膜电极,当降解时间为1h、2h、3h和4h时,降解率分别为57.84%、86.44%、93.66%和95.72%;而TiO2薄膜电极的降解率分别为50.18%、76.27%、87.31%和91.53%。在此基础上,考察了阳极氧化电压、氧化时间和焙烧温度对阳极氧化过程的影响规律。结果表明,阳极氧化电压在25V,氧化时间在1h,焙烧温度在500℃时所制备的TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化降解性能最好。     

TiO2光催化薄膜的制备及其性能

在稀硫酸溶液中的阳极氧化钛箔,采用混合增长模型技术控制氧化膜的生长,制备了TiO2光催化薄膜.TiO2薄膜通过苯酚的光催化降解实验检验,具有较高的催化活性及很好的催化稳定性.实验结果表明阳极氧化法固定TiO2薄膜切实可行,不仅解决了TiO2微粒光催化过程催化剂微粒与水难分离的问题,而且阳极氧化制膜所需时间短(几秒到几分)、工艺简单,十分有利于工业化制备.     

TiO2光催化薄膜的制备及其性能

在稀硫酸溶液中的阳极氧化钛箔,采用混合增长模型技术控制氧化膜的生长,制备了TiO2光催化薄膜,TiO2薄膜通过苯酚的光催化降解实验检验,具有较高的催化活性及很好的催化稳定性,实验结果表明：阳极氧化法固定TiO2薄膜切实地,不仅解决了TiO2微粒光催化过程催化剂微料与水难分离的问题,而且阳极氧化制膜所需时间短（几秒到几分）、工艺简单,十分有利于工业化制备。     

微弧氧化TiO2膜的电助光催化性能研究

以磷酸钠为电解液,采用微弧氧化技术制备钛基TiO2膜,以该膜为阳极,钛片为阴极与40 W紫外灯和稳压电源组成电助光催化体系,以大红染料模拟废水来评价TiO2膜光电催化能力。研究了酸度和亚铁离子质量浓度等因素对光催化的影响。结果表明:光电催化提高了TiO2膜阳极的降解率;阴极槽内亚铁离子存在会形成电-芬顿体系,有助于提高光电催化降解率。当电解液中支持电解质硫酸钠浓度为0.5 mol/L、pH=3时阳极槽的降解率达到38%,阴极槽亚铁离子质量浓度为3.0mg/L时降解率达到68%。     

钛合金表面阳极氧化纳米管阵列膜的研究进展

自2001年美国Grimes研究组首次通过阳极氧化法制得TiO2纳米管阵列以来,由于其独特的高度有序纳米结构和广阔的应用前景引起人们的广泛研究兴趣.当前,电化学阳极氧化阀金属及其合金已经成为众多金属氧化物纳米阵列结构可控生长的有效途径之一;其中,钛及其合金表面自组织氧化物膜的制备和应用方面的研究最为深入.本文主要综述了含氟电解液体系中,钛合金表面纳米管阵列膜的阳极氧化制备、生长机制和主要应用情况,并对当前存在的一些关键问题和今后的研究前景进行简析.     

钛薄膜阳极氧化制备纳米孔结构TiO2

采用物理气相沉积的方法,以导电玻璃为基材沉积金属Ti薄膜,并将其作为阳极,在1% HF溶液中恒压阳极氧化,制备了具有纳米孔阵列结构的TiO2薄膜.研究表明,形成的TiO2薄膜具有多孔结构,微孔均为贯穿孔,孔形基本为圆形,孔径均匀,孔径大约为50 nm.在15℃溶液中阳极氧化相同时间制备的TiO2氧化膜的厚度显著大于25℃溶液制备的氧化膜厚度.TiO2氧化膜的厚度随着阳极氧化时间的延长而增加.     

混晶纳米TiO_2薄膜光催化剂的新型制备方法及性能研究

采用新型的制备方法原位制备了钛基底上的TiO2纳米薄膜。制备过程包括钛金属的氧化过程和对氧化过程中形成的无定形表层的水热处理过程。钛基底上在氧化过程中形成了不平整的表面,水热过程使得无定形二氧化钛晶化。最终得到的纳米TiO2薄膜具有锐钛矿/金红石混合晶相和纳米花状结构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱等表征技术研究了TiO2薄膜的形貌和特性。薄膜的光催化性能由水中甲基橙的降解来表征。与没有经过水热反应直接煅烧的样品相比,水热反应得到的TiO2薄膜具有较高的光催化活性。同时研究了水热反应温度与时间对薄膜性质的影响;提高水热反应的温度或者延长水热反应的时间可以提高薄膜的结晶度,从而提高薄膜的光催化效率。     

TiO2薄膜的低温制备以及工艺优化和性能研究

采用改进溶胶-凝胶法,通过浸渍-提拉工艺在载玻片表面低温制备了锐钛型纳米TiO2薄膜,探讨了水量、pH、水浴时间等工艺参数对TiO2的晶型及光催化活性的影响.利用XRD、FT - IR、SEM和UV - Vis光谱等手段对薄膜的物相、结构、表面形貌以及光吸收特性进行了表征,并利用紫外光激发下降解亚甲基蓝溶液来评价TiO2薄膜的光催化活性.结果表明:在低温条件下,所得TiO2薄膜表面均匀平整;随着水量的增加和pH的降低,TiO2晶化程度逐渐提高;水浴前后所制备的TiO2薄膜对紫外光都表现出了极强的吸收特性;水浴处理有利于提高纳米TiO2薄膜的催化活性,80 ℃水浴8h后TiO2薄膜对亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率从20.9％提高到72.1％.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.