小型仿人双足机器人步态规划与仿真分析

针对双足机器人动力学系统复杂、运动学分析较为困难的问题,结合人类行走特点,文章建立了双足机器人下肢结构运动模型。为了使机器人行走更自然,增强机器人行走的稳定性,对双足机器人进行了步态规划,并且利用三次样条插值方法通过MATLAB仿真得到机器人各关节的平滑运动轨迹[1-2],验证了步态规划的可行性。     

两足辅助行走机器人步态控制

智能两足辅助行走机器人,可以辅助残疾人在复杂环境中进行仿人行走.介绍了该机器人的机构和控制系统硬件,在机器人系统的步态特性基础上建立了人机一体的运动模型.运用零力矩点（ZMP）理论规划了机器人的行走步态,提出了局部步态调整与人体主动补偿运动相结合的实时步态稳定性控制策略.通过仿真实验对该控制策略进行了验证和分析.     

基于强化学习的双足机器人的实时避障位置控制

为了提高双足机器人的实时控制能力，提出一种基于强化学习的双足机器人的实时避障位置控制方法。以机器人的双足步行稳定性为控制目标函数，构建双足机器人的实时路径动力学模型，以机器人质心运动的加速度和惯性力矩为被控对象，采用等效碰撞子模型进行双足机器人的实时避障路径规划，采用碰撞子模型和摆动子模型相结合的方法，进行双足机器人行走路径的纠偏参量反馈调节，采用模糊强化学习跟踪方法，进行双足机器人的误差增益控制，实现双足机器人的实时避障位置控制。仿真结果表明，采用该方法进行双足机器人控制的实时避障性能较好，纠偏能力较强，提高了机器人的自适应控制能力。     

复合扰动下双足机器人位姿修正解耦控制研究

双足机器人在驱动步行中受到活动部件的复合扰动作用容易产生耦合误差,导致解耦控制的稳定性不好,为了提高双足机器人驱动步行中的解耦控制的稳定性,提出一种基于变步长动态平衡反馈调节的双足机器人驱动步行位姿修正解耦控制方法。采用分布式传感器阻力力学采集方法进行双足机器人的姿态参量测量和动态融合处理,构建双足机器人驱动步行位姿修正解耦控制的约束参量模型和控制目标函数,采用Kalman滤波方法进行双足机器人驱动步行的地面环境适应校正和误差修正,采用变步长动态平衡反馈调节方法确定精准的驱动步行姿态参量,实现双足机器人准确的姿态定位和参量解算。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行双足机器人驱动步行姿态定位控制的准确度较高,环境适应性较好,实现零误差驱动步行,提高了双足机器人的控制品质。     

神经网络滑模控制在并联机器人中的应用

首先用滑模控制策略对被控对象进行控制仿真,在分析结果后,结合神经网络滑模控制方法,充分利用神经网络滑模控制的学习能力强,自适应辨识能力强,可以无穷逼近任意函数的优点.仿真结果表明,神经网络滑模控制方法的跟踪效果好,系统误差小,可以满足机器人控制的要求,能够解决机器人的轨迹跟踪问题,仿真实验证实了该控制策略的正确性和有效性.     

人形机器人步态规划及简单设计

本文先对人形机器人的基本概念进行简要阐述,以5连杆机器人步态模型为例,通过正逆运动学建模来说明其步态规划,其次介绍了人形机器人的基本部件及其作用。最后以实例分析来说明人形机器获得的巨大成就。     

六足仿生机器人步态研究和运动控制器设计

分析了六足仿生机器人典型行走步态和不同步态下的机器人落足点位置矢量表达式;运用AT89S52内部两个定时器,采用多舵机分时控制方法,设计的运动控制器可驱动机器人足部12个舵机的协调运动,实现了六足仿生机器人按步态规划运动,并通过测试,验证了设计方案的正确性和可靠性。     

自适应控制在工业机器人中的应用

采用李雅普诺夫函数法，设计了一个信号综合形式的模型参考自适应控制器，该控制器算法简单，易于微机实现，文中给出了部分实验结果。     

小型双足步行机器人的结构及其控制电路设计

本文根据项目规划和控制任务要求,从机构的设计目标出发,按照从总体到部分,由主到次的原则,设计了作实验用的小型双足步行机器人的机构及其硬件控制电路,实现了用CPLD产生PWM波同时控制12路舵机的驱动。     

一种竞赛型双足竞步机器人设计与研究

机器人的应用研究是目前研究热点,双足机器人是一种仿生类型的机器人,能够实现机器人的双足行走和相关动作。本文应用单片机控制技术、电机驱动技术等,设计了一种双足竞步机器人,并给出了机器人的硬件结构和控制程序,通过实验验证了本文所设计的双足竞步机器人到达到了设计预期和要求。通过3年的实践和应用扩展,本文所设计的双足机器人具有稳定性好、运行速度快的优点,结构简单、制作成本低,具有一定的扩展应用价值和意义。     

Control of biped walking robot for human living environment

This paper introduces biped robot adaptation to human living environment from viewpoints of battery operation time extension and environmental recognition. These issues are important when robots actually work at home. First, in order to extend battery operation time, we propose energy-saving bipedal locomotion gait. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem, which is conventionally hard to solve when a target system is complicated. In this paper, partial derivatives appeared in optimal control problem are implicitly represented by using automatic differentiation technique. This approach enables complicated optimal control problem solvable. In combination with receding horizon control, its computation cost is also reduced. Second, we introduce the biped walk tracking based on the camera image mounted on the walking robot, and the visual servoing by the posture change for the purpose of the target image tracking in the camera frame. We propose a new control law to track the rotated target object using the characteristic of the walking, which considered the interference between translational motion and rotational motion. The decoupling is realized by simulations and experiments. As a result, the walking robot tracked the translated and rotated target object without a practical issue. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Adaptive control of a biped robot walking across a horizontal plane

The problem of biped robot walk control is considered. Intertial robot parameters are assumed unknown and control actions are applied only twice during one step. For adaptation the recurrent aim inequalities method is used. The control algorithm is designed and theoretically justified. Computer simulation results are presented.     

Position and altitude tracking control for toe support phase of biped walking robot

No paper has been published on the active use of the foot toe of biped walking robots. In other words, the sole of the supporting leg is usually assumed to completely contact the ground. To maintain this condition, the robot walking has a restriction such as the maximum walking speed limitation. If the point contact of the toe to the ground through walking is available, a variety of walking can be realized. In this paper, a new control method for biped robots, in which the contact of the sole to the ground becomes a point contact, is proposed. The COM (Center of Mass) and swing leg can track the desired path and each heel joint angle can be controlled by the proposed controller while a biped walking robot is following a forward falling. Therefore, the motion of the body does not need to be limited to quiet motion. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results with “Ken,” a six‐joint DOF biped robot. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(1): 72–79, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( http://www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20094     

Gait control for redundant legged biped robot at constant velocity and constant height of the waist

In this paper, we propose a gait control method for redundant legged biped robot based on leg center of mass (COM) position control at constant velocity and constant height of the waist. The developed biped robot has redundant legs, which have four degrees of freedoms (DOFs) on each in the sagittal plane. The redundant DOF enables movement of its leg tip position and its leg COM position independently. Therefore, the proposed robot has structural capability to control the leg COM position for maintaining the projection of the total COM inside the support polygon without upper body motion. Such capability enables the stable static walk in the arbitrarily desired velocity and height of the waist motion. The validity of the proposed method for the static walk at constant velocity and constant height of the waist in the leg COM position control for redundant legged biped robot is confirmed by several results of simulation and experiment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 51–59, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20357     

随机模糊控制策略及其在机器人控制中的应用

针对模糊规则的自动生成问题,采用Skinner操作条件反射(OC)和概率有限自动机(PFA)构成的OCPFA学习系统,设计能对模糊规则进行自学习和自组织的随机模糊控制策略.本策略首先采用设计的OC学习机制,从模糊行为集合中随机选取一个模糊行为,作为模糊规则的后件;然后利用环境对选取模糊行为的反馈信息,更新OC学习机制;最后依据更新后的OC学习机制,重新选取模糊后件行为,直至学习到最优的模糊规则.理论证明,其自学习和自组织过程在概率意义上是收敛的.在两轮自平衡机器人上的仿真和实验均表明,设计的随机模糊控制策略不需要系统的模型,成功地实现了机器人的自平衡控制,并提高了机器人的学习速度和控制精度.     

Biped robot control strategy and open-closed-loop iterative learning control

Master-slaver dual-leg coordination control was proposed for the biped robot with heterogeneous legs (BRHL), in order to reduce gait planning and to get a good tracking performance. The key to coordination is gait trajectory tracking control. Bionic knee joint with closed-chain 4links makes robot walking more humanlike, but the model is complex and tracking of the bionic leg to the artificial leg is more difficult. P-type open-closed-loop iterative learning control (ILC) is not based on model parameters and has advantages in both open-loop and closed-loop ILC; so this paper proposes a complex robot gait trajectory tracking. The convergence is proved by using functional analysis and the stability condition is given. A tracking simulation based on the virtual prototype pe was done. The results show that this control strategy and algorithm are effective and robust, and the convergence speed is better than separate open-loop or closed-loop ILC. Translated from Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science), 2005, 26(8): 722–725 [译自: 东北大学学报(自然科学版)]     

绳索牵引自动水平调节机器人综合控制策略

针对贵重精密载荷在装卸过程中需要维持其对接面水平及受力均衡的需求,研发基于绳索牵引的自动水平调节机器人系统,提出一种由绳索牵引力均衡分配策略和载荷对接面水平倾角调节策略构成的综合控制方案,以确保在绳索牵引力均衡分配的前提下实现载荷对接面水平调节.受力均衡分配策略通过调整绳索长度来改变绳索牵引力的分布,载荷对接面水平倾角调节由模糊神经控制器实现,该控制器的参数由基于L5E方法和BP算法的混合算法训练得到.实验结果表明,综合控制方案能够实现载荷的水平调节及绳索牵引力均衡分配,且能满足实际应用的精度需求.