南部油田注水系统杀菌剂的评价与优选

油田注水系统腐蚀危害最大的细菌主要是厌氧型细菌SRB。南部油田注入水的严重结垢为SRB的滋生和繁殖提供了良好的环境,产生了所谓的垢下细菌腐蚀。本文通过对南部油田注水系统在用杀菌剂、新型杀菌剂PS-106和PS-108进行评价,优选出适合的杀菌剂,进一步增强的注水系统的防腐效果。     

吉林乾安油田油井系统腐蚀结垢机理研究

吉林油田乾安采油厂腐蚀结垢问题是长期困扰该油田稳产高产的主要问题.国家工业水处理工程技术中心通过对现场腐蚀结垢特点及现场采出液水质、油井产出气、垢样及细菌含量进行全面细致的分析后,得出结论:该油田油井系统以腐蚀为主,造成腐蚀的原因主要是硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀并伴有轻微的电化学腐蚀,部分区块存在CO_2腐蚀.在此基础上进行了杀菌剂及缓蚀剂的筛选,筛选结果表明:新型有机硫杀菌剂TS-782A、聚季铵盐类杀菌剂TS-838具有优异的杀菌效果,新型咪唑啉类复合缓蚀剂对CO_2腐蚀具有良好的抑制作用.     

镇泾油田采油污水杀菌剂的选择研究

镇泾油田回注水中含有大量细菌,在整个生产系统中造成腐蚀与结垢问题十分严重.本文主要研究了常见的杀菌剂及其杀菌机理,通过对镇泾油田采出污水杀菌效果的大量实验,筛选出合理的杀菌剂,同时提出可使杀菌剂达到最好效果的使用方法.     

孤东油田污水处理系统腐蚀因素分析

本文针对孤东油田污水处理系统存在的腐蚀现象,对污水处理设备的腐蚀情况、污水水质和腐蚀产物进行了分析,并对溶解氧、细菌等影响污水腐蚀各种因素进行了详细的分析.通过杀菌剂和缓蚀剂的投加试验、配伍试验等方法筛选优化三防药剂,对于腐蚀的控制取得明显的效果.     

汕田专用缓蚀杀菌剂的研究

该专题根据缓蚀剂设计的硬软酸碱理论和已有杀菌剂的杀菌机理设计、合成了数种油田专用缓蚀 杀菌剂。产品不仅具有良好的缓蚀性能,而且具有优异的杀菌性能,能够控制油田腐蚀性介质引起的常规腐蚀 和硫酸盐还原菌等细菌引起的生物腐蚀,具有广阔的推广及应用前景。     

水处理用有机硫杀菌剂探讨

由于工业和石油开采业的迅猛发展,其循环冷却水和油田回注水的使用量也逐年增长,因细菌滋生而带来的腐蚀、结垢、堵塞、污染等问题对工业循环水处理、油田水处理、污水处理等领域都造成了非常大的危害,实际中常采用杀菌剂来杀灭或控制细菌的滋生。     

采油厂注水系统腐蚀研究与控制

分析了吉林油田红岗采油厂注水生产系统设备腐蚀的原因,研究了各主要腐蚀因素对设备的腐蚀作用。通过对注水水质、油田伴生气和溶解性气体、微生物生长情况及腐蚀垢样成分的分析,确定了造成系统腐蚀的主要原因为硫酸盐还原菌长期滋生造成的微生物诱导腐蚀。通过药剂筛选及现场应用试验证明：杀菌剂TS-780不仅具有良好的杀菌性能,同时表现出良好的缓蚀效果,能有效地解决该油田注水系统长期存在的细菌腐蚀问题。     

油田回注水用杀菌剂效果分析

油田回注水大部分来自物化处理后的油田废水,为避免回注后水中各类细菌微生物对管道造成堵塞、腐蚀,回注前需对其进行杀菌处理。本文使用1227(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵)和戊二醛在特定条件下复配为SP12-8作为杀菌剂,考察硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、腐生菌在杀菌剂不同加量,不同培养温度下其杀菌效果。结果表明回注水杀菌剂SP12-8的使用温度应控制在30℃左右,投加量为0.07 mg/L,SRB菌的菌量数为4.5个/m L(小于10),铁细菌的菌量数为9.5×102个/m L,TGB菌的菌量数为9.5×102个/m L,满足回注要求。     

抑制油田微生物腐蚀的现状与发展趋势

微生物腐蚀是油田开发过程中值得关注的重要问题.微生物的活动会导致油田金属设备与金属管道的破坏和油田储层酸化,严重威胁到油田的安全生产.硫酸盐还原菌是引起油田微生物腐蚀的元凶,其形成的生物膜造成的腐蚀在近几年也引起了学者的关注.一般采用化学法、物理法和生物法等方法解决微生物腐蚀的问题,其中应用广泛的技术有使用化学杀菌剂、...     

油田用新型杀菌剂的研究进展

在油田生产和注水系统中,存在着多种不利于注水采油的细菌微生物。这些细菌会引起金属腐蚀、地层堵塞、化学剂质变等一系列问题,从而给油田生产运行造成巨大的经济损失,影响着油田的正常生产和发展。因此,要在污水回注前投加杀菌剂进行预处理。本文分析和叙述了杀菌剂的杀菌机理和成为杀菌剂的条件,并详细综述了新型杀菌剂的研究现状,对杀菌剂的发展方向做出了展望。     

季铵化聚乙烯亚胺的缓蚀与杀菌性能研究

制备了季铵化的聚乙烯亚胺(QPEI),采用静态挂片失重法研究了在0.5mol/L硫酸溶液中QPEI对低碳钢的缓蚀性能;以大肠杆菌(E.coli)为致病菌体,采用平板活菌记数法研究了QPEI的抗菌活性,并使用TTC-脱氢酶活性测定法,研究了QPEI的抗菌机理。结果表明,QPEI对低碳钢具有十分优良的缓蚀作用,同时具有很强的抗菌性能,其缓蚀作用抗菌作用基于杀菌过程,而不只是抑菌过程。     

Steel-Corrosion Inhibitors Derived from Soybean Oil

Soybean oil derivatives containing a Schiff-base (SOS-B) were prepared and evaluated as microbial corrosion inhibitors against sulfate-reducing bacteria using the gram-positive Desulfosporosinus orientis bacteria as a representative bacterium. These SOS-B compounds were also found to be excellent inhibitors against acidic corrosion of carbon steel. These soybean oil derivatives were prepared by ozonation of soybean oil to yield aldehyde functional intermediates which were then reacted with benzylamine to produce a mixture of imine functional triglycerides and linear compounds. The structure of these soy-based derivatives was confirmed by FTIR and NMR. It was found that the addition of these SOS-B compounds to D. orientis culture provided a complete inhibition of this bacterium. Furthermore, almost no corrosion of carbon steel panels was observed when the panels were aged in 2N HCl solution containing 10 ppm of these SOS-B compounds.     

Corrosion of carbon steel influenced by anaerobic biofilm in natural seawater

The bacteria in the anaerobic biofilm on rusted carbon steel immersed in natural seawater were characterized by culturing and molecular biology techniques. Two types of anaerobic bacterium, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) Desulfovibrio caledoniensis and iron-reducing bacteria Clostridium sp. uncultured were found. The compositions of the rust layer were also analyzed and we found that iron oxide and sulfate green rust were the major components. To investigate the corrosion mechanisms, electrochemical impedance spectra was obtained based on the isolated sulfate-reducing bacteria and mixed bacteria cultured from rust layer in laboratory culture conditions. We found that single species produced iron sulfide and accelerated corrosion, but mixed species produced sulfate green rust and inhibited corrosion. The anaerobic corrosion mechanism of steel was proposed and its environmental significance was discussed.     

Predeterminate model of corrosion rate of steel in concrete

The predeterminate model of corrosion rate of steel in concrete, the influence of concrete carbonation exponent and cover thickness to steel corrosion rate, and relationships among steel diameter, cover thickness and exposure time to steel corrosion rate are mainly studied. It is shown that (1) the steel corrosion rate increases when the concrete carbonation exponent increases. (2) The steel corrosion rate decreases when a mild carbon steel with circular diameter in concrete increases. The more the concrete carbonation exponent becomes larger, the more the effect of steel diameter obviously appears. (3) The steel corrosion rate increases when the concrete cover thickness decreases. (4) The steel corrosion rate obviously increases when the exposure time decreases. The results of present studies are discussed in comparison with earlier findings.     

Corrosion of alloys in tall oil distillation service

Plant corrosion tests of various metals and alloys in tall oil distillation streams present the effect of alloy composition on corrosion rate. Stream temperature, alloy composition and stream composition are correlated so as to provide a useful guide to material selection for tall oil distillation plants. Alloys exposed to corrosion test were iron or nickel base with chromium plus varying amounts of molybdenum. Molybdenum is the most important alloy addition in reducing the rate of corrosion attack, with corrosion attack at a very low rate, <.1 mil per year, at the 6% molybdenum level in the most aggressive stream tested, i.e., 85% fatty acids at 518F. The presence of chromium does not appear to be essential to obtaining good corrosion resistance to the more corrosive conditions. Corrosion rates increase with increasing temperature. The streams classed as high in fatty acids are much more corrosive than those which are classed as high in rosin acids. Vapor phase streams are more corrosive than liquid phase streams. Corrosion attack is normally from pitting. Most of the more corrosive conditions can be handled with an alloy containing 3% to 4% molybdenum (AISI Type 317), but some process conditions require higher molybdenum contents in order to obtain acceptable corrosion rates. Less corrosive streams can be handled with an alloy containing less than 3% molybdenum (AISI Type 316).     

YS—SR1275高压空冷阻垢缓蚀剂的工业应用

随着广州石化进口高硫原油量的日益增加，作为处理高硫原油的加氢处理装置的设备腐蚀也大幅度增加。为了减缓加氢处理装置的高压空冷的结垢和腐蚀，确保装置长周期安全运行，在高压空冷系统进行YS-SR1275高压空冷阻琚缓蚀剂的工业应用试验。试用结果表明，YS—SR1275对高压空冷有较好的阻垢缓蚀作用。     

温度对5种金属在浓碱中腐蚀行为的影响

利用电化学法测定了氯碱工业常用的5种金属材料在40%NaOH溶液中不同温度时的极化曲线,并借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了腐蚀表面的微观形貌和腐蚀产物。结果表明:随着温度的升高,5种金属的腐蚀程度加剧。其中铸铁的腐蚀电流密度及受温度影响均较大,钛及钛合金均较小,且致钝电位较低。Q235、纯钛、铸铁的微观腐蚀形貌是典型的均匀腐蚀,且先在晶界、夹杂等处腐蚀;1Cr18Ni9Ti、钛合金在微观上为局部腐蚀,表面呈现腐蚀微坑形貌特征。     

904L和CD4MCu不锈钢在硫酸中的腐蚀行为

通过失重法、极化曲线测试、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）等方法研究了904L和CD4MCu两种不锈钢在硫酸中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,随着硫酸浓度的增加,904L和CD4MCu都表现出自腐蚀电流密度增大,自腐蚀电位负向移动。CD4MCu的自腐蚀电流密度增大趋势和自腐蚀电位的较少趋势较904L明显。904L耐蚀性要优于CD4Mcu。两者的腐蚀产物主要为氧化物和硫化物。     

煤气初冷系统设备的腐蚀与防腐措施

分析了煤气初冷系统设备各部位的腐蚀原因,总结了针对腐蚀原因所采取的防腐措施,指出,只有改进操作制度和改善水质,才能更有效地防止初冷系统设备的腐蚀。     

国外有机类铜缓蚀剂综述

随着金属铜及其合金在各领域的应用越来越广泛，其腐蚀与防护问题日益受到重视，而在腐蚀介质中添加缓蚀剂是解决这一问题的一个简单实用的方法。作者综述了近年来国外几种新型有机铜缓蚀剂，包括唑类、喹啉类、嘧啶类等物质，从缓蚀性能、环境保护方面对其进行了比较，介绍了不同介质中缓蚀剂的选用情况，阐述了缓蚀剂的作用机理，并展望了缓蚀剂的研究和发展方向。