焦炭烧损率测定及降低烧损率措施

介绍了炼焦系统焦炭烧损的现状,提出焦炉系统和干熄焦系统焦炭烧损率的测定方法。通过提高系统严密性、优化工艺运行制度,可降低焦炭烧损率,提高经济效益。     

干熄焦烧损率的统计方法及烧损因素探讨

干熄焦烧损率的计算目前都采用碳平衡法,碳平衡法能确定干熄焦稳定运行时的烧损率,但进行生产统计时碳平衡法是不可取的。文中介绍了用干熄焦产汽率计算、统计干熄焦焦炭烧损的方法,该方法不需要进行碳排放量的测定,可随时进行统计计算,方便简单,精度能够满足生产统计需要,同时对干熄焦系统运行过程焦炭烧损的原因进行了分析和探讨。     

干熄焦焦炭烧损率与吨焦产汽量分析

根据干熄焦系统生产运行参数,采用多种方法核算焦炭烧损率,并分析烧损率与吨焦产汽量的关系,通过计算得出降低焦炭烧损率对企业经济效益的影响。     

煤粉锅炉燃烧器烧损原因分析及防范措施

通过对煤粉锅炉燃烧器烧损的原因进行分析,从配煤、燃烧调整、运行监视、煤质检验等方面提出对应的措施,确保锅炉燃烧器的安全运行。     

干熄焦焦炭烧损的研究

系统地分析了干熄焦焦炭烧损的过程及原因,提出了降低干熄焦焦炭烧损的措施及监测干熄焦烧损率的可用方法,有利于指导干熄焦运行。     

降低干熄焦烧损率生产实践

安钢焦化厂75 t/h干熄焦于2008年3月开工建设,2009年7月28日投产,通过一段时间的系统运行,发现烧损率较同类型干熄炉偏高,通过分析目前生产过程中存在的系列问题,提出了改进干熄焦烧损率降低的工艺措施和方法,为稳定工艺运行延长炉体使用寿命,增加焦炭产量和改善冶金焦质量,提供了科学生产依据和借鉴意义。     

煤气化炉烧嘴罩烧损分析及对策

结合壳牌粉煤气化炉的运行经验,通过工艺、仪表、设备安装3个角度来分析烧嘴罩烧损的原因。在气化炉运行过程中,降低粉煤流速、密度的波动概率,加强烧嘴氧煤比、气化炉水质的工艺监控,确保气化炉烧嘴的稳定运行。在气化检修过程中,做好煤线关键仪表设备的检修工作,保证烧嘴、烧嘴罩的设备安装质量,防止烧嘴罩烧损,实现煤气化装置的长周期运行。     

玻璃熔窑蓄热室靶墙热修及结构改进

蓄热室靶墙长期受高温烟尘侵蚀、冲刷,倒塌造成格子体顶部盖帽,堵塞格子体,同时火焰直接烧蚀钢碹碴,危及蓄热室上部结构安全。本文介绍了蓄热室靶墙的热修处理方法,探讨了墙体烧损倒塌的原因,并针对性的对蓄热室墙体结构进行了改进。     

焦炉气制甲醇转化炉事故处理及探讨

介绍了焦炉煤气制甲醇生产装置中纯氧转化炉两次烧损事故的处理方法:对转化炉内上层催化剂测温点外加保护套管被烧毁事故,改进了测温点所用材料及安装形式;对转化炉炉膛烧损事故,将转化炉烧损部位进行修复处理,更换了炉膛上部外层浇注料的种类,更新了转化炉内的填料催化剂。转化炉修复后,减少了事故发生的几率,改善了设备运行工况,提高了转化炉运行的安全稳定性。最后对转化炉存在的问题进一步进行了分析探讨,并从技术改进、工艺操作和设备管理等方面提出了相应的解决思路。     

大型磷炉渣口小套结构数理分析与改进

通过对大型磷炉使用的两种结构渣口小套实际运行周期、烧损状态数理统计、用传热原理、流体力学理论进行分析对比研究,得出实际统计分析和理论研究分析一致的结论,最终确认了螺旋水道渣口小套的优越性,推荐选用,并提出了优化、改进的措施。     

High Chrome Containing Refractories for Coal Slurry Gasifier

Water, oxygen and coal are converted into CO, H2, methane in the coal slurry gasifier. Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, high chromecontaining refractories are used as hot face lining. The collapse of refractories from corrosion and spalling is mainly attributed to liquid deslagging. Refractories for coal slurry gasifier, destruction mechanism and solutions are analyzed.     

多喷嘴水煤浆气化炉的工业化应用

简要介绍了新型多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉流场及煤气化机理,重点评述了工业化应用概况。工业化成功运行表明,多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术具有气化效率高、气化炉运转平稳、负荷可调节范围大等特点,合成气中有效成分(CO H2)体积分数达84.9%,碳转化率达98%~99%,炉渣中可燃物平均质量分数<10%,吨甲醇煤耗为1.35 t。新型多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术的开发成功,将大大推动我国煤化工技术的发展,推进相关产业的技术进步。     

分级气流床气化炉模型研究

为了研究分级和气化炉结构对气化效果的影响,结合对分级气化炉内流动、燃烧和气化反应的分析,采用小室模型建立了分级气化炉的动力学模型,考虑了气化炉结构尺寸对气化过程和结果的影响。利用建立的模型,对等径结构、颈缩结构和渐扩结构3种形式的分级气化炉进行了计算,得到温度、气体组成及其体积分数、碳转化率等参数沿气化炉炉膛的分布情况,并和连续气化的结果进行了对比。结果表明氧气的分级给入加强了气化炉内的物料混和,提高了平均温度,有利于提高气化效率;同时最高点温度有所降低,有利于和延长耐火砖使用寿命。同样运行条件下分级气化得到的有效气体体积分数要高于连续气化。     

Reasearch on the main factors for changes in pressure based on turbulent circulating fluidized bed coal gasification technology

High temperature preheated air and steam as gasifying agent and coal gasification was performed in a pressurized turbulent circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasification pilot plant to investigate the pressurized gasification process and estimate its potential. Within the scope of this paper this test facility as well as its operation behavior was described. Furthermore, the parameter pressure has been investigated regarding its influence on the syngas composition and was presented and discussed in the following. The results show that the gasification quality is improved at higher pressure because of the better fluidization in the reactor. Coal gasification at a higher pressure shows advantages in lower heat value and carbon conversion. With the gasifier pressure increased from 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa, the gas heating value is increased by 15%. Increasing the gasifier pressure would increase the carbon conversion from 57.52% to 76.76%. Also, the dry gas yield and efficiency of cold gas increase little with the increase of the gasifier pressure. The operating parameter of pressure exists at optimum operating range for this specific CFB coal gasification process.     

煤气化技术的应用与发展

介绍了国内外煤气化技术的发展概况和发展趋势,重点对几种典型煤气化技术的应用与发展进行了研究,并对Lurgi炉、BGL炉、GE气化炉、多喷嘴炉、清华炉、Shell炉、GSP炉、两段炉、航天炉等典型煤气化炉的结构、性能进行了对比分析。从8个方面分析了煤气化技术的选择需要注意的问题。提出了煤气化技术创新建议,指出未来煤炭的清洁高效转化利用将以大型、先进的煤气化技术为核心,以电、化、热等多联产为方向进行技术集成。     

Experimental study of a commercial circulated fluidized bed coal gasifier

This paper presented the performance data of a commercial scale circulating fluidized bed gasifier, CFBG-800-I. The operation condition effects on gasifier temperature distribution and gasifier performance were studied. It is found that the external cycle has a critical influence on the gasifier temperature profiles. Both the Air/Coal ratio and Steam/Coal ratio affect the bed temperature. The increasing in Air/Coal ratio decreases the valuable gases content, which is adverse to the gasifier performance but increases the gasifier temperature, which is favorable for the gasification reactions. The best choice of the Air/Coal ratio is a tradeoff of gasifier performance and gasifier temperature. The Steam/Coal ratio could influence gasifier temperature and gasifier performance in several ways. Increasing steam increased the water gas reaction and the CO, H₂ concentrations increase firstly, and then decrease at a Steam/Coal ratio of 0.32. Increased Steam/Coal ratio decreases the bed temperature, which is bad for the gasifier performance, and will decrease the carbon conversion efficiency. The Steam/Coal ratio should be carefully selected by comprehensive evaluation also.     

德士古气化炉投料失败原因分析

德士古气化炉投料成功与否,受诸多因素影响,如气化炉膛温度,煤浆浓度,氧煤比及煤浆、氧气阀门动作顺序正确与否等,其中气化炉的蓄热量（即气化炉炉膛温度）是一个关键因素。在气化炉投料过程中,出现了各种各样影响气化炉投料失败的原因,通过比较有针对意义的德士古气化炉开车投料过程进行了分析、总结。     

气流床煤气化炉壁面反应模型

建立了气流床煤气化炉煤灰渣颗粒沉积和壁面反应模型,相应完善了渣层流动、传热传质和相变模型,发展了数值模拟方法,并以国内某型两段式干煤粉加压气流床煤气化中试炉为对象进行了模拟。利用建立的模型可以得到壁面反应速率、渣层含碳量、固态渣层厚度、液态渣层厚度、渣层平均温度和液态渣层平均速度等。结果表明:氧煤比升高,渣层平均温度升高,固态渣层厚度、液态渣层厚度和气化炉出口灰渣含碳量降低。计算得到的灰渣含碳量在14%左右,整体碳转化率为95.2%左右,与实际值相近。通过模拟发现壁面反应对于所分析气化炉的碳转化率、排渣含碳量、壁面渣层流动和温度状态具有重要影响,进而影响气化炉的安全稳定运行。     

下吸式生物质气化炉数值模拟的研究进展

使用数值模拟方法,建立下吸式生物质气化炉的数学模型,能够更好地理解气化炉内发生的各种化学和物理现象,进而对气化炉的设计和操作进行优化、对新工艺的开发进行指导。对几种基本的下吸式气化炉数值模拟方法(如热动力学平衡法、化学动力学方法、计算流体动力学(CFD)法、ASPEN Plus法)和多分区模拟法,进行了探讨和分析比较,并进一步总结了"结合单颗粒模型的多分区数值模拟"方法,提出结合单颗粒模型的多分区模拟法具有更加广阔的发展前景。     

Robust online temperature estimation of a membrane-wall gasifier

The gasifier temperature is a key parameter in the operation of a slag-tapping entrained-flow gasifier. However, there is no effective method for measuring the operating temperature of a membrane-wall-lined gasifier. In this study, a novel robust method for estimation of the online temperature was developed for a membrane-wall gasifier and applied in an industrial SE gasifier. The industrial test results show that the method can estimate the gasifier temperature within 0.04 s, and its value can be reliably obtained. Based on the combination of bench-scale gasifier validation, commercial-scale gasifier operation experience, and the comparison of different simulation methods, the proposed method is accurate and reliable for measuring the operating temperature of a membrane-wall-lined gasifier.