S460M钢板TEKKEN焊接试验分析

为了分析S460M钢板的焊接性,采用电弧焊分别在室温(26℃)、预热50℃、预热100℃条件下,进行了TEKKEN焊接试验与焊接热影响区最高硬度试验.从试验结果看,在室温、预热50℃、预热100℃条件下焊接试件均无裂纹,而该钢板在预热至100℃时,焊接热影响区最高硬度在328HV左右,冷裂纹倾向不大.试验结果表明,该材料的焊条电弧焊性能好.     

Fe-B基微晶材料晶粒大小与高温硬度的关系SCIEI

本文对Fe-B基微晶材料的反玻璃化热处理条件,组织精细程度和硬度(HV_(RT),HV_(500℃),HV_(600℃))三者之间关系作了系统的研究。在晶粒尺寸不太小时,HV与d^(-1/2)呈直线关系,但在超细晶粒尺寸时,直线发生偏离。     

BHW35钢焊接接头高温冲击试验分析

BHW 35钢采用埋弧自动焊和焊条电弧焊,焊材为H10Mn2N iMoA及E7015-D2焊制的厚壁焊接接头,经正火、回火、消应力退火热处理后,对接头及母材实施了室温、100,200,350℃下缺口冲击试验,并进行了冲击断口、金相组织、硬度及化学成分分析.结果表明,接头硬度Hm ax埋弧焊为270.5 HV,电弧焊条焊为235.2 HV.探明随着温度升高,接头韧度较室温大幅度提高,冲击吸收功均出现峰值温度,埋弧焊接头为100℃,而焊条电弧焊接头为200℃,与母材变化规律相近.热影响区的韧度优于焊缝.焊条电弧焊的韧度优于埋弧焊.接头冲击吸收功室温在96.33 J以上,350℃下在120 J以上.结果表明,接头断口均为延性韧窝特征.冲击吸收功越高,断口韧窝撕裂特征越明显,韧窝越大,分布越不均匀.     

铁基高温合金氧化物强化相的形成和演化

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析、差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析、金相观察和显微硬度测定,研究铁基合金Fe-14Cr-3W-5Ti-3Y-2.2O(质量分数,%)中氧化物弥散相的形成和演化过程,以及氧化物弥散相对铁基合金的强化作用。结果表明:在高能球磨过程中,TiH2、YH2和Fe2O3可以在雾化粉末Fe-14Cr-3W基体中充分固溶;在随后的压制、烧结过程中,当烧结温度为950℃时弥散相以Ti2Y2O7相的形式析出,其强化作用不明显,合金的显微硬度只有250HV;当烧结温度为1100℃时,烧结体致密度得到提高,弥散相强化效果显著,合金的显微硬度为798HV;随着烧结温度的提高,析出相粒子长大,合金的显微硬度降低。     

9Ni钢焊接接头性能控制技术

对首钢生产的30 mm规格9Ni钢进行了最高硬度试验、斜Y坡口冷裂纹敏感性试验及焊接接头热输入适应性试验。试验结果表明,不预热进行焊接,9Ni钢最高硬度为HV10=353;预热75℃后焊接,最高硬度HV10=355,虽然钢材淬硬倾向较明显,但任可不预热焊接。采用焊条电弧焊在焊接热输入8~20 k J/cm内,焊缝、热影响区-196℃冲击韧性满足标准要求。     

5CrW2Si冷作模具钢堆焊焊条的研制

为了开发针对5CrW2Si冷作模具钢修复堆焊焊条,采用H08A焊芯,设计了一种堆焊焊条,在Q235钢板上进行堆焊。对堆焊层进行了显微组织观察、硬度和磨损测试和X-ray分析。结果表明:堆焊层显微组织由大量板条状马氏体、少量针状马氏体、残余奥氏体和碳化物组成;堆焊件表层的洛氏硬度≥55 HRC,而堆焊层横断面的显微硬度由母材至堆焊层明显增加(203 HV→861 HV),硬度较高;堆焊件表层平均失重为0.01121 g,耐磨性较好;堆焊层未发现裂纹存在。所研制焊条满足了5CrW2Si冷作模具钢的修复使用要求。     

一种用于碳化钨堆焊的管装电焊条的研究

提供一种用于碳化钨堆焊的管装电焊条。扫描电镜观察、能谱分析及显微硬度测试结果表明堆焊层中存在两种类型的硬质相 ,即 WC- W2 C共晶的原始碳化钨颗粒(硬度 HV2 0 12～ 2 34 1)和 M6C构成的 η相 (HV1817～ 2 2 14)。M6C相以粒状和团块状存在 ,与实芯焊条堆焊的金属中析出的鱼骨状共晶 M6C相比较 ,在不降低堆焊层硬度条件下 ,可提高堆焊层的强度和韧性指标。新型焊条中使用 D型热绝缘剂 ,减少了原始碳化钨颗粒的熔损 ,使焊缝金属组织中硬质相分布域直径 Dd 和面积分数 AC 分别提高2 5 %和 6 2 %。     

粉末冶金制备AlCrMnMoNiZr(B0.1)合金的组织与性能

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了AlCrMnMoNiZr、AlCrMnMoNiZrB0.1高熵合金,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和数显硬度计对铸态和退火态合金的组织与硬度进行了表征.结果表明,两种高熵合金的组织均为富(Cr,Mo) BCC相和金属间化合物的混合组织.两种合金经700～1 000℃退火后,其物相和组织结构并未发生明显改变,合金的硬度(HV)在铸态和高温退火态均保持在525以上,表现出较好的高温稳定性.微量元素B具有较好的固溶强化作用,使合金的铸态硬度(HV)由528增加至741.     

Er元素添加对Al-7.7Li合金时效强化及显微组织的影响

通过显微硬度测试及三维原子探针(3DAP)分析对Al-0.03Er、Al-7.7Li、Al-0.03Er-7.7Li (at%)合金的时效强化与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明,Al-0.03Er合金在350℃等温时效10 min达到峰时效硬度38HV,相比固溶态硬度提升了12 HV。Al-7.7Li合金在190℃等温时效24 h达到峰时效硬度98 HV,相比固溶态提升了56 HV。Al-0.03Er-7.7Li合金经350℃/1 h+190℃/8h双级时效后,硬度达108 HV,相比固溶态提升了66 HV,其强化效果为Al-0.03Er、Al-7.7Li合金强化效果的叠加。对此状态的Al-Er-Li合金显微组织进行分析,结果表明,合金中有3种析出相:Al_3Er、Al_3Li及以Al_3Er为核、Al_3Li为壳的Al_3(Er,Li)相,说明先析出的Al_3Er能作为Al_3Li异质形核的核心,从而促进了Al_3Li的析出,使Al-Er-Li合金强度高于Al-Li合金的强度。     

焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

为了解决30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接质量问题,研究了焊接热输入对30CrMo钢焊接接头力学性能的影响规律,并针对焊条电弧焊(SMAW)和CO_2气体保护焊(GMAW)两种方法,找出了适合的焊接热输入范围。结果表明:随着热输入的增加,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均呈现下降趋势;采用焊条电弧焊的焊缝区和热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用CO_2气体保护焊的焊缝区冲击功减小,而热影响区冲击功先增加后减小;采用焊条电弧焊的热影响区硬度呈下降趋势,采用CO_2气体保护焊的热影响区硬度变化较小;采用两种焊接方法的焊缝区域硬度值总体呈降低趋势。当预热温度为220℃,热输入在8~24 kJ/cm范围内,采用焊条电弧焊和CO_2气体保护焊的焊接接头抗拉强度均能满足要求;热影响区及焊缝区域硬度值均低于350HV,不易产生冷裂纹。该工艺参数范围已成功应用于某30CrMo锻焊曲轴的焊接中,焊接质量良好,满足质量要求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。