圆端形钢管混凝土柱偏压性能研究

钢管混凝土(CFST)构件可充分发挥钢管与核心混凝土优点,在桥梁墩柱中已得到应用,抗撞设计是其在墩柱中推广应用的关键问题。因此,该文基于LS-DYNA有限元软件建立了56个车辆撞击双柱CFST桥墩分析模型并进行抗撞机理与参数分析。基于前期落锤撞击结果与实车撞击试验验证了模型可靠性;对典型工况下撞击力和桥墩塑性应变发展、内力分布和能量转换进行研究并重点分析了含钢率、轴压比、货物刚度、车辆质量和速度对CFST桥墩撞击力和侧向位移分布的影响规律;采用等效静力法计算得到25 ms等效车辆撞击力(ESF₂₅)并对AASHTO规程建议值进行评估,提出车撞CFST桥墩撞击力预测公式。结果表明：车辆撞击下CFST桥墩钢管与核心混凝土协同工作,钢管是主要耗能部件;由于上部结构和桥墩惯性作用,不同撞击时刻桥墩内力分布具有显著差异;车辆质量与速度对撞击力发展影响显著,含钢率与轴压比影响较小,货物弹性模量在2000 MPa内变化时影响较大;建议的撞击力公式可较好预测考虑上部质量影响的CFST桥墩撞击力。     

FRP-confined concrete under axial cyclic compression

One important application of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in construction is as FRP jackets to confine concrete in the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, as FRP confinement can enhance both the compressive strength and ultimate strain of concrete. For the safe and economic design of FRP jackets, the stress–strain behavior of FRP-confined concrete under cyclic compression needs to be properly understood and modeled. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the behavior of FRP-confined concrete under cyclic compression. Test results obtained from CFRP-wrapped concrete cylinders are presented and examined, which allows a number of significant conclusions to be drawn, including the existence of an envelope curve and the cumulative effect of loading cycles. The results are also compared with two existing stress–strain models for FRP-confined concrete, one for monotonic loading and another one for cyclic loading. The monotonic stress–strain model of Lam and Teng is shown to be able to provide accurate predictions of the envelope curve, but the only existing cyclic stress–strain model is shown to require improvement.     

圆钢管玄武岩纤维再生混凝土短柱轴压力学性能

为研究圆钢管玄武岩纤维再生混凝土(BFRRC)短柱的轴压力学性能,以再生粗骨料取代率和玄武岩纤维掺量为变化参数,设计并完成了15根圆钢管BFRRC短柱试件的轴压试验。观察了试件的受力全过程及破坏形态,获取了试件的荷载-位移曲线及荷载-应变曲线,分析了变化参数对圆钢管BFRRC短柱轴压性能的影响,建立了可行的组合截面应力-应变全过程曲线方程。研究表明:试件均发生鼓曲破坏,但核心混凝土在钢管约束下处于碎而不散状态;随着再生粗骨料取代率的增大,试件的耗能性能、延性系数逐渐增大,耗能因子、延性系数提升幅度最高可达1.84%和10.36%,承载力逐渐降低,降低幅度最大达5.03%;随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增大,试件的耗能性能、延性系数逐渐增大,增加幅度最高可达2.97%和4.93%,承载力提高幅度不大;不同的玄武岩纤维掺量下,试件实测的荷载-位移曲线饱满,且具有较长的变形流幅,延性较好。      

圆高强钢管UHPC梁抗弯性能研究

高强钢管高强混凝土的应用越来越广泛,但目前对于其徐变特性的试验研究较少。该文对15根不同含钢率的高强钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱进行了365 d的收缩和徐变测试,并将试验结果与常用的徐变预测模型MC90、ACI209和MC2010等进行了对比。试验结果表明：高强钢管高强混凝土的徐变系数远小于素混凝土,当加载365 d后,素混凝土的徐变系数是高强钢管高强混凝土的2倍以上;含钢率对钢管混凝土试件的徐变有一定影响,徐变系数随着含钢率的增大而减小。在对比的3种常用徐变预测模型中,MC2010模型的徐变预测结果与试验结果吻合最好,可推荐用于高强钢管高强混凝土的收缩和徐变效应计算。此外,还将高强钢管高强混凝土与普通钢管混凝土的徐变试验结果进行了对比,结果表明,钢管混凝土的徐变随着核心混凝抗压强度的增加而减小。研究成果可为高强钢管高强混凝土轴心受压构件在正常使用阶段的徐变预测及徐变变形控制提供依据。     

复合材料圆柱壳轴压屈曲性能分析

对完整复合材料圆柱壳轴向压缩性能进行了试验研究,得到了圆柱壳结构的破坏载荷和各测量点的载荷-应变曲线,通过分析得出结构的破坏形式为屈曲破坏。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了模型,对复合材料圆柱壳进行屈曲分析,将有限元计算的结构变形和屈曲载荷与试验结果进行对比,计算结果与试验结果一致,验证了模型的有效性。利用建立的有限元模型,分析了开口尺寸和铺层角度对含矩形开口的复合材料圆柱壳屈曲载荷的影响。在开口处加装复合材料口盖对结构进行补强,补强后的柱壳结构满足强度设计要求。     

方形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土柱抗爆性能数值模拟与实验验证

建立了爆炸荷载作用下方形中空夹层钢管超高性能钢纤维混凝土(Ultra-High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Filled Double Skin Steel Tube,UHPSFRCFDST)柱动态响应及其损伤破坏三维有限元数值模型。首先通过模拟结果与爆炸破坏试验结果的对比分析,验证了数值模型和计算方法的有效性。进而运用参数化分析方法,研究了空心率、含钢率、内、外层钢管厚度及其强度等关键参数对UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能的影响。研究结果表明,UHPSFRCFDST柱具有优越的抗爆性能,所建立的三维有限元模型能够有效地分析UHPSFRCFDST柱在爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应及其损伤破坏;在一定范围内减小空心率及提高外层钢管强度可有效提升UHPSFRCFDST柱抗爆性能;提高含钢率、减小内、外层钢管高厚比均能够显著提升UHPSFRCDST柱抗爆性能;内层钢管强度对UHPSFRCFDST柱的抗爆性能影响并不明显。     

中柱失效工况下方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架抗连续倒塌性能理论与试验研究

为研究中柱失效工况下方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁抗倒塌性能,基于对方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁的抗力机制及抗倒塌性能影响因素的分析,建立了方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁抗倒塌分析模型,该模型考虑了梁端柱的约束作用、正负弯矩作用下组合梁弯曲刚度的差异以及楼板与钢梁之间黏结滑移效应等影响因素,并对模型的抗力-变形计算公式进行了推导;设计了一榀2跨1/3缩尺的方钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架试件并进行静力加载试验,分析了中柱失效后剩余结构的破坏模式、荷载传递机理以及主要的抗力机制。试验结果表明,倒塌过程中结构的抗力经历了从梁机制到悬链线机制的转化,其中压拱机制和悬链线机制可以有效提高结构的倒塌承载能力。最后基于理论与试验结果的对比分析,提出了理论公式的修正方法。     

Buckling of thin‐walled cylindrical shells under axial compression

Lightweight thin‐walled cylindrical shells subjected to external loads are prone to buckling rather than strength failure. The buckling of an axially compressed shell is studied using analytical, numerical and semi‐empirical models. An analytical model is developed using the classical shell small deflection theory. A semi‐empirical model is obtained by employing experimental correction factors based on the available test data in the theoretical model. Numerical model is built using ANSYS finite element analysis code for the same shell. The comparison reveals that the analytical and numerical linear model results match closely with each other but are higher than the empirical values. To investigate this discrepancy, non‐linear buckling analyses with large deflection effect and geometric imperfections are carried out. These analyses show that the effects of non‐linearity and geometric imperfections are responsible for the mismatch between theoretical and experimental results. The effect of shell thickness, radius and length variation on buckling load and buckling mode has also been studied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压屈曲与后屈曲性能

针对2种边界条件和3种板元宽度情况,采用几种屈曲方法对轴压载荷作用下的复合材料帽形加筋壁板进行了计算,得到了不同情况下的屈曲载荷,通过对复合材料加筋壁板几种计算方法的计算结果与试验结果的对比,得到一种更简单有效计算复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压屈曲载荷的方法;依据帽形加筋壁板的结构特点和试验后的破坏模式,提出一种估算复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压破坏载荷的方法,用该方法在几个项目上的计算结果与试验结果进行比较,发现两者较吻合,验证了复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压承载能力估算方法的合理性,为结构设计人员在初始设计阶段对复合材料帽形加筋壁板轴压强度评估提供了一种简洁的途径。     

高轴压比、低剪跨比双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙拟静力试验研究

双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙可减小墙体厚度、提高承载力和延性,为研究双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙高轴压比下的抗震性能,完成了5个剪跨比为1.0的双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙试件的拟静力试验,研究了剪力墙在低周往复荷载作用下的受力性能和破坏模式等,分析了轴压比、距厚比等因素对抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明：低剪跨比试件发生弯剪破坏;墙体钢板在平均位移角1/83时发生局部屈曲,初始屈曲形态受距厚比影响显著;试件峰值荷载、位移延性系数、刚度等受轴压比、距厚比的影响较小;试件平均极限位移角达1/72、平均有效破坏位移角达1/52,具有良好的变形能力;距厚比增大,试件滞回性能稳定性降低;试件耗能随变形增大而迅速增长,抗震性能良好。建议低剪跨比双钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压比限值取0.7。     

PVC-CFRP管钢筋混凝土柱的偏心受压性能

通过24根聚氯乙烯-碳纤维增强树脂(PVC-CFRP)管钢筋混凝土柱的偏心受压试验,分析了CFRP条带环箍间距和偏心距对PVC-CFRP管钢筋混凝土柱的破坏形态、承载力、应变及荷载-位移关系的影响。试验结果表明:小偏压试件发生混凝土和PVC管的压碎破坏,大偏压试件发生钢筋受拉屈服和PVC管的拉断破坏。随着偏心距和CFRP条带环箍间距的增加,与PVC管钢筋混凝土柱相比,PVC-CFRP管钢筋混凝土试件的承载力逐渐减小,小偏压试件延性系数有不同程度的提高,大偏压试件延性系数基本保持不变。纵向钢筋和混凝土应变发展基本一致,截面受压侧CFRP条带的应变较小,试件截面的应变基本符合平截面假定。试件的荷载-挠度关系和弯矩-曲率关系分为两阶段,CFRP条带环箍间距和偏心距对第一阶段基本没有影响,第二阶段为直线强化段,随着偏心距和CFRP条带环箍间距的增加,强化段的斜率逐渐减小。     

Constitutive behaviour of confined fibre reinforced concrete under axial compression

Steel fibre reinforced concrete is finding extensive use in field applications. The mechanism of delaying and arresting crack propagation by the fibres can be made use in passive confinement of concrete. Such concrete was termed as confined fiber reinforced concrete (CFRC). This paper presents an analytical model for predicting the stress–strain behaviour of CFRC based on the experimental results. A total of ninety prisms of size 150×150×300 mm were cast and tested under strain control rate of loading. The increase in strength and strain of CFRC were used in formulating the constitutive relation.     

Buckling and postbuckling of anisotropic laminated cylindrical shells under combined axial compression and torsion

A postbuckling analysis is presented for an anisotropic laminated cylindrical shell of finite length subjected to combined loading of axial compression and torsion. The governing equations are based on classical shell theory with von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity and including the extension–twist, extension–flexural and flexural–twist couplings. The nonlinear prebuckling deformations and initial geometric imperfections of the shell are both taken into account. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine interactive buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling response of perfect and imperfect, anisotropic laminated cylindrical shells for different values of load-proportional parameters. The results show that the postbuckling characteristics depend significantly upon the load-proportional parameter. The results reveal that in combined loading cases the postbuckling equilibrium path is unstable and the shell structure is imperfection-sensitive.     

Behavior and modeling of high-strength concrete tied columns under axial compression

This article presents experimental and analytical results of 21 high-strength concrete tied columns under axial compression. Each 1500-mm-tall column had a 500 by 500 mm section reinforced with 12 D25 longitudinal bars enclosed by perimeter hoops only, or perimeter hoops plus typical crossties, or perimeter and intermediate hoops. The concrete strengths of cylinder tests ranged between 55 and 99 MPa. The column compression tests showed that the longitudinal bars could be laterally supported by hoop corners or 135-degree seismic hooks of crossties, but not restrained by 90-degree hooks, which lost effectiveness after spalling of cover concrete. The proposed analytical approach used the existing Mander model and the Euler equation to determine the confined concrete strength and the buckling strength of longitudinal bars, respectively. With rational assumptions of confinement effectiveness and unsupported lengths, the proposed analytical approach can well predict the complete load-deformation response of test columns.     

CFRP约束钢管-活性粉末混凝土短柱轴压性能

为研究圆碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)约束钢管-活性粉末混凝土(RPC)短柱的轴压性能,以CFRP粘贴层数和钢管壁厚为参数进行了12根CFRP约束钢管-RPC短柱、4根钢管-RPC短柱及4根钢管短柱的轴压力学性能试验。通过荷载-位移曲线分析了CFRP层数和钢管壁厚对试件极限荷载和变形能力的影响,探讨了提高系数、CFRP应变效率和延性系数等相关性能指标,最后通过提高系数关联套箍率提出了CFRP约束钢管-RPC短柱承载力模型。结果表明:CFRP约束能有效地增强钢管-RPC短柱的承载能力和变形能力。与CFRP约束钢管-混凝土相比,CFRP约束钢管-RPC表现出CFRP应变效率的下降,并且其延性不如CFRP约束钢管-混凝土。在钢管-RPC承载力的基础上提出了实用的CFRP约束钢管-RPC短柱轴压承载力计算模型。      

Buckling of defective single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes under axial compression by molecular dynamics simulation

Buckling of defective single-walled and double-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and DWCNTs, respectively) due to axial compressive loads has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations, and results compared with those of the perfect structures. It is found that single vacancy defect greatly weakens the carrying capacity of SWCNTs and DWCNTs, though it does slight harm to the effective elastic modulus of the tubes. The influence of defects on the buckling properties of nanotubes is related to the density of the defects, and the relative position of defects also plays an important role in buckling of DWCNTs. The van der Waals force among atoms in the inner and the outer tubes of short defective DWCNTs makes the critical buckling strain of DWCNTs greater than that of the inner tube.     

Simulation of corrosion process for concrete filled steel tubular columns with the cellular automata method

In this paper, from the mesoscopic point of view, under the assumption of metal corrosion damage evolution being a diffusive process, the cellular automata (CA) method was proposed to simulate numerically the uniform corrosion damage evolution of the outer steel tube of concrete filled steel tubular columns subjected to corrosive environment, and the effects of corrosive agent concentration, dissolution probability and elapsed etching time on the corrosion damage evolution were also investigated. It was shown that corrosion damage increases nonlinearly with increasing elapsed etching time, and the longer the etching time, the more serious the corrosion damage; different concentration of corrosive agents had different impacts on the corrosion damage degree of the outer steel tube, but the difference between the impacts was very small; the heavier the concentration, the more serious the influence. The greater the dissolution probability, the more serious the corrosion damage of the outer steel tube, but with the increase of dissolution probability, the difference between its impacts on the corrosion damage became smaller and smaller. To validate the present method, corrosion damage measurements for concrete filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) sealed at both their ends immersed fully in a simulating acid rain solution were conducted, and Faraday's law was used to predict their theoretical values. Meanwhile, the proposed CA mode was applied for the simulation of corrosion damage evolution of the CFSSTCs. It was shown by the comparisons of results from the three methods aforementioned that they were in good agreement, implying that the proposed method used for the simulation of corrosion damage evolution of concrete filled steel tubular columns is feasible and effective. It will open a new approach to study and evaluate further the corrosion damage, loading capacity and lifetime prediction of concrete filled steel tubular structures.     

Behaviour of ferrocement confined reinforced concrete (FCRC) under axial compression

An experimental investigation on the behaviour of ferrocement confined reinforced concrete (FCRC) under axial compression, by varying the specific surface factor (S_f) which controls the behaviour of ferrocement, is presented. A total of 270 prisms of size 150×150×300 mm were tested. The results indicated that additional confinement in the form of ferrocement shell improved the ultimate strength, strain at ultimate strength and the ductility of concrete. The improvement is in proportion to the S_f of the ferrocement shell for a given confinement index (C_i) of the lateral reinforcement.     

FRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱轴心受压承载力

对8根塑料纤维增强树脂复合材料(FRP)筋/珊瑚混凝土轴心受压柱和1根钢筋/珊瑚混凝土轴心受压柱进行了承载能力试验,试验参数包括配筋率、箍筋间距、长细比和筋材种类。结果表明:相同配筋率下,FRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱和钢筋/珊瑚混凝土柱的破坏机制不同,但受力性能良好;相同构件尺寸下,增大纵筋直径导致纵筋与混凝土保护层的黏结性能降低;减小箍筋间距有利于提高构件的延性;长细比越大的构件承载力越低。然后,基于筋材压缩性能试验的数据分析及参考文献的对比探讨,建议碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)筋名义屈服强度取值为0.34f_y(f_y为筋材的极限抗压强度),对应的理论值与试验结果相近,从而提出适用于CFRP筋/珊瑚混凝土柱的理论计算,为工程实践提供参考依据。