我国棉花病害发生情况及防治进展

棉花是我国最重要的经济作物。棉花病害遍布我国广大棉区，每年因病害损失皮棉约３６万吨，价７０亿元。苗病在南方棉区重于北方棉区，成株期主要是枯萎病和黄萎病，分布全国，年损失皮棉１０万吨以上；在多雨年份有些棉区铃病严重，病、烂铃率在５０％以上。近年推广种衣剂和苗病净等农药，提高了苗病防治效果，用抗病品种防治棉枯、黄萎病是重要措施。铃病防治则仍依赖农业技术措施。棉花病害综合治理（ＩＰＭ）把经济、生态、社会效益统一起来，提高了棉病防治层次，已在推行。但棉花抗黄萎病育种滞后；安全，高效、低毒农药开发尚待加强；植物生理保护体系的研究刚刚起步。所有这些都需大力加强。     

甲硫胶悬剂防治棉花病害药效报道

本文报道了由甲基托布津与硫磺混配而成的甲硫胶悬剂,用于防治棉花苗期根部病害,叶部病害以及铃期病害的效果。     

土壤缺钾、高湿谨防棉花红叶茎枯病

棉花红叶茎枯病又叫黄叶茎枯病或凋枯病，是一种生理性病害。棉花开花初期可发病，但以盛花结铃期发生较为严重。对棉花的产量和品质影响较大，应及时加以防治。下面介绍这一病害的主要症状、发病原因和防治方法，供参考。     

棉花“双烂病”的防治

烂铃、烂桃是棉花的常见多发性病害,严重影响棉花的产量和品质,人们习惯上把这两种病称之为"双烂病"。一、发生原因引起棉花烂铃、烂桃的主要原因有:1、氮肥施用量过大或过迟,造成棉花生长过旺,田间郁闭,致使棉花植株抗病害能力大大减弱。2、棉花花铃期遭遇暴雨或秋雨过多,田间     

8型金属阳极电槽的技术管理

在陕西关中棉区，黄萎病对不同熟性棉花品种的严重危害期不一，早熟品种在７下旬，中熟品种为８月下旬。严重危害期对结铃数及铃重影响最大，对衣分影响较小；品种间影响差异不显著。棉花品种抗病性鉴定应以各严重危害期的病情指数作区别指标。     

2008年大通湖区棉花黄萎病大发生原因分析及综合防治措施

2008年棉花黄萎病在洞庭湖区再一次大暴发,通过对该年大通湖区黄萎病发生的特点及原因进行调查与分析,结果表明棉花黄萎病大发生的主要原因是气候条件与棉花敏感生育期相吻合,其次是不同品种抗性不同、不同耕作制度、地力条件及栽培管理影响不同。针对病害发生原因,提出了以采用保护无病区、消灭零星病区、控制轻病区、改造重病区的策略,有效地控制黄萎病危害。     

黄腐酸盐对棉花黄萎病的作用

棉花黄萎病是棉花的主要病害之一,发病时间长,兼之土壤、病株和种子传播,防治困难,对棉花的危害主要造成产量损失和品质下降。到目前为止,尚没有成功的药物及行之有效的防治技术。我们根据黄腐酸的特性及其在农业上的应用,选择黄腐酸盐作为棉花黄萎病的防治药物,获得了满意的效果,其试验结果总结如下:     

休五固体种衣剂防治棉苗病害试验报告

休五固体种衣剂防治棉苗病害试验报告张菊花宋社吾张超（合肥市花木公司，２３０００１）（安徽农业大学，合肥，２３００３６）化工部农药剂型中心研制的一种新型种衣剂——６０％休五固体种衣剂，能防治棉花、花卉等多种栽培植物的苗期病害。为了验证这种制剂对棉花苗期...     

长江大学成功研发新型生物农药

长江大学近期成功研发出一种可以有效防治棉花枯黄萎病的新型生物农药。 棉花枯、黄萎病被称为棉花“癌症”，是棉花生产的最大克星。长期以来，育种专家试图培育抗枯、黄萎病棉花品种，但至今只有极少量抗病、耐病品种小面积种植。由于田间菌系变异较快，这些品种在几年内基本丧失原有的抗性或耐性。有些品种结铃性好、上桃早、产量高，因易感枯、黄萎病，推广难度很大。目前，尚未解决抗枯、黄萎病的品种问题。研发能够真正有效防治棉花“癌症”的新型农药，已经成为各国科学家十分关注的前沿课题。     

茄果类蔬菜常见3种土传病害药剂筛选及增效作用

[目的]筛选能防治茄果类蔬菜土传病害的高效药剂。[方法]以茄果类蔬菜高发的3种土传病害枯萎病、黄萎病和根腐病为研究对象，采用菌丝生长抑制法和田间药效试验，评价药剂复配组合对病原物的联合生物活性。[结果]精甲·咯菌腈对3种病原菌均有明显抑制效果且在5种杀菌剂中效果最好，其次为吡唑醚菌酯。将精甲·咯菌腈和吡唑醚菌酯进行复配后所有的复配组合抑制效果相对于单种药剂有显著增加；对枯萎病和黄萎病，以2:1的组合增效作用最强，SR(增效系数)值为7.96和11.86；对根腐病抑制中，所有复配组合均表现为增效作用，以1:2的组合增效作用最强，SR值为321.43。盆栽药效试验枯萎病、根腐病、黄萎病防治效果最佳复配比分别为1:2、2:1、1:2，防治效果为90.82%、96.76%、99.09%。[结论]精甲·咯菌腈和吡唑醚菌酯酯复配比在1:2、2:1、1:2复配是防治枯萎病、根腐病和黄萎病的最佳复配处理，为抑制茄果类真菌性土传病害及预防耐药性的产生提供了解决途径。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.