基于小波半规则网格压缩均方误差的近似方法

为了实现数据量大的图像在网络上的快速传输,就必须对其进行高压缩。现在一般采用比较先进的小波压缩方法,但用压缩后的数据重构得到的图像与原图像相比有明显的差别。为了降低这种失真,开始部分提出了一种有效的基于位分配模型的性能优化方法;为了实现这种快速和低复杂度的分配方法,提出了和半规则网格几何编码相关的重建均方误差的近似方法。并用实验结果说明,在基于模型分配的过程中将上述近似方法得到的结果作为失真可以改善小波编码器的性能,提高编码增益,从而达到在不降低图像压缩率下提高图像质量的目的。     

分布式小波视频编码自适应嵌套量化模型

提出一种分布式小波视频编码自适应嵌套量化模型,对Wyner-Ziv帧做小波变换,利用Slepian—Wolf编码器对低频子带系数进行量化,采用SPIHT编码器对高频子带系数进行编码,通过分析Wyner—Ziv帧低频子带系数与参考帧低频子带系数的残差自适应度,判定Wyner-Ziv帧低频子带系数的量化步长,从而使运动剧烈的视频序列有较大的量化步长,而运动平缓序列的量化步长较小。实验结果表明,采用该模型能获得较好的编码效果。     

A Novel Audio Coding Scheme Using Warped Linear Prediction Model and the Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we present a novel audio coder using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and warped linear prediction (WLP). In contrast to conventional LP, WLP allows for the control of frequency resolution to closely match the response of the human auditory system. The structure of the system is similar to the transform coded excitation techniques used in wideband speech coding, where LP has been replaced with WLP, and the residual is analyzed by a wavelet filterbank designed to approximate the critical bands. The inherent shaping of the WLP synthesis filter, and a controlled bit allocation to the wavelet coefficients helps minimise the perceptually significant noise due to the quantization error in the residual. For monophonic signals sampled at 44.1 kHz, the coder achieves near transparent to transparent quality for a variety of speech and music signals at an average bitrate of about 64 kb/s. Tests also show that the coder (in its initial implementation) delivers superior quality to the MPEG layer III and comparable quality to the MPEG2-AAC codec when operating at the same bitrate.     

率失真最优的多分辨率小波图像压缩方法

提出了一种具有渐进多分辨率特性的小波图像压缩算法。对图像作提升小波分解后，首先利用人眼视觉特性，对小波系数作无视觉失真的量化，然后按各子带对视觉效果不同的贡献，在给定的编码比特约束条件下．将比特资源按照率失真曲线最优地分配给各子带，最后以给定的比特量对各子带分别进行分层量化和算术编码，从而达到最小的失真要求。最优分配方法将小波系数建模为广义高斯分布，给出了最优分配给各子带比特数的理论公式，它不需遍历不同的量化阶段，且在率失真意义上最优。实验结果表明，与经典的算法相比．在PSNR相仿的情况下，低码率时有更好的视觉效果，有更优越的综合性能。     

小波图像编码中基于误差分析的错误隐藏方法

详细分析了不同子带小波系数误码在重构图像中的误码扩散,包括误差值大小、误差能量和失真范围,分析结果表明不同频率的子带系数误码产生的失真存在很大差异,其中低频产生的影响最大。然后提出了一种在图像空间域进行的错误隐藏方法。实验结果表明,该方法可隐藏由于低频系数误码造成的图像失真,能得到较好的重建图像质量,可应用于存在较高误码率的图像传输中。     

基于冗余提升不可分离小波的LSCN红外图像增强方法

针对红外图像信噪比低, 易受背景环境影响的问题, 提出一种基于不可分离小波的多尺度方向分析(NSWMDA)和连接突触计算网络(LSCN)的图像增强算法. 该算法首先将原始图像进行冗余提升的不可分离小波变换(NSWT), 得到高频细节子带和低频近似子带, 然后对高频细节子带进行多方向滤波后LSCN算法进行增强, 对低频近似子带直接采用LSCN算法增强, 最后对处理后的子图进行融合重构得到增强后的红外图像. 在电力变压器红外图像中, 该算法相比其他算法在边缘强度、信息熵、峰值信噪比、结构相似度、平局梯度5种指标中分别至少提升了10.86%、14.39%、19.95%、7.06%、6.70%. 实验结果表明, 该算法不仅提升了红外图像整体清晰度, 同时也使得图像的细节纹理和对比度得到加强, 具有很好的红外图像增强效果.     

压缩图像传输中基于小波-空间域联合估计的差错隐藏算法

基于小波域压缩的图像在传输发生错误时，会引起部分空间区域图像质量的下降。解决这一问题的传统方法是空间域插值或小波域估计。由于传统方法重构质量仍有待提高，为了获得质量更好的重构图像，提出了一种小波一空间域联合估计的差错隐藏算法。该算法首先对小波域低频系数进行简单的八邻域平均来得到初始重构图像；接着在空间域对核心受损区域进行基于块的匹配搜索，通过选择对已知正确小波系数影响最小的块作为匹配块来得到匹配图像；最后将经过滤波处理后的匹配图像变换到小波域，通过与小波域已知正确信息相融合来得到最终重构图像。仿真试验表明，在多数应用场合，该方法与简单的小波八邻域平均低频重构图像相比，客观质量峰值信噪比提高0．5—1dB左右，主观质量也有明显提高。     

A subband coding approach to control under limited data rates and message losses

For the design of networked control systems, we employ a subband coding technique to efficiently use the available data rate. Such coding schemes have widely been used in signal processing for data compression. We take an approach suitable from the control perspective in that frequency characteristics of a controller are directly used. In particular, we propose a three-step design procedure for the overall controller having the following features: On the coder side, it uses a controller consisting of a filter bank whose outputs are subband signals of the control input. On the decoder side is another filter bank for reconstruction of the subband signals. This decoder is capable to account for random message losses that occur in communication and is designed via an H^∞-type method. For the quantizers in the coder, an efficient bit allocation scheme is also developed.     

Using the discrete wavelet frame transform to merge Landsat TM and SPOT panchromatic images

In this paper, we propose a pixel level image fusion algorithm for merging Landsat thematic mapper (TM) images and SPOT panchromatic images. The two source images are first decomposed using the discrete wavelet frame transform (DWFT), which is both aliasing free and translation invariant. Wavelet coefficients from TM's approximation subband and SPOT's detail subbands are then combined together, and the fused image is reconstructed by performing the inverse DWFT. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms methods based on the intensity-hue-saturation transform, principal component analysis and discrete wavelet transform in preserving spectral and spatial information, especially in situations where the source images are not perfectly registered.     

Subband neural networks prediction for on-line audio signal recovery

In this paper, a subbands multirate architecture is presented for audio signal recovery. Audio signal recovery is a common problem in digital music signal restoration field, because of corrupted samples that must be replaced. The subband approach allows for the reconstruction of a long audio data sequence from forward-backward predicted samples. In order to improve prediction performances, neural networks with spline flexible activation function are used as narrow subband nonlinear forward-backward predictors. Previous neural-networks approaches involved a long training process. Due to the small networks needed for each subband and to the spline adaptive activation functions that speed-up the convergence time and improve the generalization performances, the proposed signal recovery scheme works in online (or in continuous learning) mode as a simple nonlinear adaptive filter. Experimental results show the mean square reconstruction error and maximum error obtained with increasing gap length, from 200 to 5000 samples for different musical genres. A subjective performances analysis is also reported. The method gives good results for the reconstruction of over 100 ms of audio signal with low audible effects in overall quality and outperforms the previous approaches.     

A New Model-Based Algorithm for Optimizing the MPEG-AAC in MS-Stereo

In this paper, a new model-based algorithm for optimizing the MPEG-Advanced Audio Coder (AAC) in MS-stereo mode is presented. This algorithm is an extension to stereo signals of prior work on a statistical model of quantization noise. Traditionally, MS-stereo coding approaches replace the Left (L) and Right (R) channels by the Middle (M) and Sides (S) channels, each channel being independently processed, almost like a monophonic signal. In contrast, our method proposes a global approach for coding both channels in the same process. A model for the quantization error allows us to tune the quantizers on channels M and S with respect to a distortion constraint on the reconstructed channels L and R as they will appear in the decoder. This approach leads to a more efficient perceptual noise-shaping and avoids using complex psychoacoustic models built on the M and S channels. Furthermore, it provides a straightforward scheme to choose between LR and MS modes in each subband for each frame. Subjective listening tests prove that the coding efficiency at a medium bitrate (96 kbits/s for both channels) is significantly better with our algorithm than with the standard algorithm, without increase of complexity.      

图象小波域的水印嵌入方法

图象小波变换后获得的低频尺度子图携带了较多的信号能量，在这一分量上嵌入水印，可保证水印稳健性较好，也能提高图象对水印的容量，作者应用小波提升算法基础上获得的非线性小波变换方法来提高尺度小图系数的值，增强这些系数的感觉容量，实验结果表明使用这种方法可以获得稳健性更强制 小波水印嵌入算法。     

SSIM-based joint-bit allocation for 3D video coding

The quality of a 3D video display depends on virtual view synthesis process which is affected by the bit allocation criterion. The performance of a bit allocation algorithm is dependent on various encoding parameters like quantization parameter, motion vector, mode selection, and so on. Rate-distortion optimization (RDO) is used to efficiently allocate bits with minimum distortion. In 3D video, rate-distortion (RD) property of synthesized view is used to assign bits between texture video and depth map. Existing literature on bit allocation methods use mean square error (MSE) as distortion metric which is not suitable for measuring perceptual quality. In this paper, we propose structural similarity (SSIM)-based joint bit allocation scheme to enhance visual quality of 3D video. Perceptual quality of a synthesized view depends on texture and depth map quality. Thus, SSIM-based RDO is performed on both texture and depth map where SSIM is used as distortion metric in mode decision and motion estimation. SSIM-based distortion model for synthesized view is determined experimentally. As SSIM cannot be related to quantization step, SSIM-MSE relation is used to convert distortion model in terms of MSE. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to solve the bit allocation problem. The proposed algorithm is implemented using 3DV-ATM as well as HEVC. RD curves show reduction in bitrate with an improvement in SSIM of synthesized view.     

A Motion Compensated Lifting Wavelet Codec for 3D Video Coding

A motion compensated lifting (MCLIFT) framework for the 3D wavelet video coding is proposed in this paper. By using bi-directional motion compensation in each lifting step of the temporal direction, the video frames are effectively de-correlated. With the proper entropy coding and bit-stream packaging schemes, the MCLIFT wavelet video coder is scalable at frame rate and quality level. Experimental results show that the MCLIFT video coder outperforms the 3D wavelet video coder without motion by an average of 0.9-1.3dB, and outperforms MPEG-4 coder by an average of 0.2-0.6dB.     

An HVS based adaptive quantization scheme for the compression of color images

In this paper a Human Visual System based adaptive quantization scheme is proposed. The proposed algorithm supports perceptually lossless as well as lossy compression. The algorithm uses a transform based compression approach using the wavelet transform, and has incorporated vision models for the compression of both luminance and chrominance components. The major strength of the coder is the incorporation of the vision model for the chrominance components and the optimum way in which the scales are distributed among the luminance and chrominance components to achieve higher compression ratios. The perceptual model developed for the color components gives flexibility for giving more compression for the color components without causing any color degradations. For each image the visual thresholds are evaluated and an optimum bit allocation is done in such a way that the quantization error is always less than the visual distortion for the given rate. To validate the strength of the proposed algorithm, the perceptual quality of the images reconstructed using the proposed coder is compared with the images reconstructed with JPEG2000 standard coder, for the same compression. To evaluate the perceptual quality of the compressed images latest perceptual quality matrices such as Structural Similarity Index, Visual Information Fidelity and Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio are used. The results obtained reveal that the proposed structure gives excellent improvement in perceptual quality compared to the existing schemes, for both lossy as well as lossless compression. These advantages make the proposed algorithm a good candidate for replacing the quantizer stage of the current image compression standards.     

一种基于新量化方案的形状自适应整数小波编码算法

首先提出了基于提升方案的形状自适应整数小波变换算法。然后对整数小波同第一代小波的变换系数分布特性的差异进行了详细的分析．针对整数小波变换系数幅值动态变化范围小,而传统EZW中阈值区间相对较大,不利于形成零树结构的不足,提出了基于奇数平方的阈值选取方法．并在此基础上,提出一种基于二分法的量化逼近方案,与传统的基于住平面的量化方法相比,该方案能用更少的比特来完全重构一个系数．最后,提出了基于整数小波变换和新的量化方案的形状自适应EZW编码算法．实验结果表明,闽值选取方法是合理的,而基于二分法的量化逼近方案是有效的．在相同码率下,与传统阈值选取和量化方案相比,该方法重构图像的峰值信噪比要高出0．5～2dB．     

基于整数小波变换和子带比特平面编码的图象压缩算法

在分析图象整数小波变换的基础上 ,提出了基于子带比特平面编码的压缩算法 .该算法将整数小波系数按子带分为若干比特平面 ,称之为子带比特平面 ,并采用简单高效的率失真优化算法确定子带比特平面的编码顺序 ,且这一顺序与图象无关 .按此顺序对子带比特平面进行自适应 MQ算术编码 ,便得到嵌入式压缩码流 .该算法可以从无损到有损 ,以任意倍率或质量进行图象压缩 ,压缩效率达到了浮点 EZW算法和 JPEG2 0 0 0整数小波编码方案的水平 ,而速度远快于这两者的速度 .该算法还具有复杂度低 ,占用内存少的优点 .     

基于Radon变换不变矩和小波提升的水印算法

提出了一种基于Radon变换不变矩和提升小波的抗几何攻击水印算法。该方法首先对图像进行一次提升小波分解,然后计算其低频成分的Radon变换不变矩来构建水印系统。水印提取过程简单,只需计算所得图像的几个Radon变换不变矩不变量。文章给出了实验结果,并与基于几何矩不变量的算法进行了比较。经过仿真实验证明,该方法对于旋转,缩放,平移等攻击具有很好鲁棒性的同时,对于普通的加噪,滤波,JPEG压缩攻击也具有很好的鲁棒性,且具有极低误检率。     

基于小波变换的多视角视频可伸缩编码系统

构建基于离散小波的多视角编码系统。对多视角视频进行四维小波分解,包括一维时间分解、一维视角分解和二维空间分解。利用小波的多分辨特性和嵌入式编码器时间、空间、视角及质量可伸缩的特点,在一定带宽限制下,采用率失真优化的方法对各个子带的码率进行优化截断。实验结果表明,该编解码系统具有较好的视频重建图像质量。     

一种基于小波视频编码器的码率控制算法

码率控制是视频编码的重要组成部分。根据小波视频编码器的特点,提出了一种基于小波视频编码器的码率控制算法,给出了I帧根据缓冲器的容量分配固定的比特数的策略;提出了基于能量的P帧的码率分配策略,实验效果验证了所提出算法的有效性。