中性锌锰电池中的无汞缓蚀剂

中性锌锰电池是用途最大的电池。一直以来，中性锌锰电池中都采用汞作为负极缓蚀剂。虽然汞具有很好的缓蚀性能，并能有效改善电池效果，但由于其会对环境造成很大的污染，中性锌锰电池无汞化具有特殊的意义。本文综述了国内外有关中性锌锰电池无汞缓蚀剂的研究现状，分析了各种无汞缓蚀剂在中性锌锰电池中的作用机理。     

膨胀石墨在无汞高能电池中的应用

简要介绍碱性氧化银无汞高能电池的组成，着重阐述膨胀石墨在碱性氧化银电池中的应用，作为氧化银阴极的导电介质，添加１％的膨胀石墨，能明显提高阴极的导电性能，并使碱性一氧化二银电池的闭路脉冲电压提高１５％～３０％     

锌锰电池用无汞锌粉通过鉴定

由水口山矿务局与中南工业大学合作开发、由水口山矿务局生产的锌锰电池用无汞锌粉于日前通过湖南省科委组织的鉴定。鉴定认为：该技术采用自产的高纯锌为原料，解决了国产无汞锌粉含铁高的难题，填补了国内空白，制备的无汞锌粉的化学物理性能已符合无汞碱性锌锰电池要求，制成的ＬＲ６型无汞碱性电池性能优于国家标准ＧＢ／Ｔ１１８５—９１，达到国外同类产品的先进水平。鉴定还认为：该技术具有工艺先进、流程科学、产品质量稳定，无“三废”排放等优点。无汞锌锰电池负极使用无汞锌粉代替汞齐锌粉，因消除了汞的污染，被称为绿色电池。…     

锌锰电池研究新进展

从可充性、无汞化、高比能三个方向论述了锌锰电池研究的最新进展。     

废旧载汞Zn-Mn电池数量与现状分析

结合Zn-Mn电池汞含量的标准制定和变迁过程,对Zn-Mn电池中汞的使用量进行分析,阐明近十年来废旧Zn-Mn电池载汞量与载汞量变化趋势,为评价废旧Zn-Mn电池累积过程的资源性与潜在危害性提供参考。     

欧盟环境委员会同意汞出口禁令

由欧盟各成员国环境部长组成的欧洲环境委员会已同意欧盟委员会关于从2011年7月起禁止从欧盟出口汞的提议。该禁令将对欧盟氯碱工业产生直接影响。欧盟氯碱工业自2001年起开始出售汞电池氯碱装置退役所产生的汞，因为根据欧盟法规，2020年前欧盟所有汞电池氯碱装置都要淘汰掉。欧盟规定从2011年起所需的汞必须装入安全的永久的存储设施。     

典型电池生产行业汞污染源流程及监控方案研究

电池生产企业由于使用到升汞或含汞浆层纸作为原料而成为我国重要涉汞行业之一。通过分析典型电池生产企业生产工艺,梳理出汞污染在该工艺的来源及其去向。并提出典型电池生产企业中汞污染的可行性监控方案,并为环境监管提出一定的建议。     

超细氢氧化铟的研制

本文简要介绍在有斯盘存在且pH为4．7的条件下，用尿素水解均匀沉淀法，获得的In(OH)3沉淀，比表面积9-15m2／g，粒度分布0．15—0．60μm，用于无汞碱性电池，效果满意。     

碱性锌锰电池漏液机制与对策

从物理及化学两个方面系统阐述了碱性锌锰电池漏液机制,认为碱性锌锰电池产生漏液是物理和化学各方面因素综合作用的结果。详细论述了碱性锌锰电池内部产气及漏液现象的化学机理,并结合近年来文献报告针对性的提出解决措施。     

由锌焙砂生产电池用氯化锌的工艺研究

介绍了一种用锌焙砂生产电池用氯化锌的新工艺，首先将锌焙砂与盐酸通过浸取反应生成粗氯化锌溶液，然后经过加高锰酸钾、锌粉等净化工序得到精氯化锌溶液，最后经蒸发浓缩制成电池用氯化锌产品，其工艺条件为：浸取温度为85—90℃，pH3．5～4．0；一次净化温度为60-70℃，pH5．1；二次净化温度为60～80℃，锌粉用量为理论量的120％；用该法制备的电池用氯化锌质量符合HG／T2323-2004标准。该工艺不仅扩大了原料来源，而且降低了生产成本，具有较高的实用价值。     

用废旧锌锰干电池制取软磁铁氧体

报道了用废旧南孚牌锌锰电池为主要原料制备软磁铁氧体的方法。具体方法是,先用物理分离方法将锌锰干电池的外壳、集电体及一些塑料件与电池的含锌锰成分分离开来,然后将锌锰氧化物焙烧以除去其中的石墨。用酸溶解获得的锌锰氧化物,并加足够量的铁粉共同反应已得到含Zn、Mn、Fe的水溶液,然后用碱性溶液将它们共沉淀得到前驱体。焙烧前驱体即得到需要的软磁铁氧体。     

Characterization of Mn–Zn Ferrite Prepared by a Hydrothermal Process From Used Dry Batteries and Waste Steel Pickling Liquor

In this study, we propose a process to prepare Mn–Zn ferrite powder, using oxides of manganese and zinc extracted from used dry batteries, and ferrous chloride solution from waste steel pickling liquor. The hydrothermal process was used to convert the starting raw materials into Mn–Zn ferrite powder. This powder revealed the formation of cubic ferrite with a saturation magnetization ( M _s) of 58.8 emu/g and an intrinsic coercive force ( H _c) of 3.8 Oe. The average lattice thermal expansion coefficient α_a (200°–500°C) of this Mn–Zn ferrite powder was 14.14 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹. The toroidal specimen sintered at 1300°C in a controlled oxygen atmosphere presented a flat profile of initial permeability (μ_i) of 2150–2200, in the frequency range 0.1–20 kHz, which allows its use in magnetic applications. This useful technology, combined with environment and materials engineering, can promote the recycling of dry batteries and contribute to the preservation of the earth. Moreover, this technology can also decrease the cost of disposal of the used dried batteries and waste steel pickling liquor.     

Chemical and morphological analyses of zinc powders for alkaline batteries

Zinc powders containing Bi, In and either Mg or Al were analyzed to determine chemical and morphological differences. Morphology and chemistry may influence the reactivity of Zn powders in the basic environment found inside alkaline batteries. Increased reactivity leads to increased Zn corrosion, increased hydrogen gas evolution, and possibly leakage of the battery electrolyte. The surface chemistry of the powders was examined using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy to check for surface ZnO. Powder chemistry was measured using an electron probe micro analyzer equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. Inert gas fusion determined the bulk oxygen content. Morphology studies included powder sieving for size determination, examining loose powders with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and determining surface areas via Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller (BET) analyses. SEM images showed differences in powder shapes and surface conditions between passed and failed powders. Powders exhibiting smooth surfaces and regular shapes were more likely to pass gas testing. However, pass/fail gas test results could not be correlated to powder chemistry, powder size, or surface area. Powder roughness and irregularity may indicate an increase in the number of active sites such as peaks and barbs versus particles with smooth surfaces.     

羟基氧化镍的电解制备，结构表征和电化学性能研究

NiOOH was prepared by one-step electrolysis of spherical Ni（OH）2 and the effects of electrolysis parameters were examined. The highly pure NiOOH was obtained after electrolysis at a current density of 60mA.g^-1 and 30℃ with anodic potential controlled in the range of 1.73-1.85V （vs. Zn/ZnO） for 360min. The NiOOH samriles were characterized bv X-ray oowder diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscope （SEM） analysis.Resuits indicate that the electrolysis product is spherical NiOOH doped with graphite. Charge and discharge tests show that the prepared NiOOH offers a discharge capacity of over 270mAh·g^-1 at current density of 30mA·g^-1 and can be directly used as cathode material of alkaline Zn/NiOOH batteries. Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry （CV） tests reveal good cycling reversibility, of the NiOOH electrode.     

Investigation of immiscible Sn–Zn coatings with two-layer microstructure as anode material for Li-ion battery

The exfoliation of Sn as a result of volume expansion led to the drastic capacity decay in lithium-ion batteries. In this article, the immiscible Sn–Zn coating was successfully prepared by electrodeposition and applied as the anode material in Li-ion batteries. The physical structure and electrochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalysis and charge–discharge test, respectively. The Sn–Zn deposit displayed unique two-layer morphology composed of a Zn flat bottom layer and a Sn dendritic upper layer. The novel Sn–Zn electrodes showed noticeable improvement in cyclability compared to pure Sn film. This improvement was assigned to the characteristic of the two-layer microstructure: the Zn interlayer enhanced the binding strength between Sn dendrites and copper foil; the abundant space among these individual Sn dendrites accommodated the volume expansion during lithiation process. The two-layer Sn–Zn coatings were anticipated as potential anode materials for Li-ion batteries.     

废旧干电池再资源化研究新进展

论述了废旧干电池 (SDBS)再资源化的主要方法有高温加热法和液体浸取法。电池的组成材料不同 ,制备的目的产物不同 ,再资源化的方法也不同。利用SDBS 制备电池电极材料 (Zn Mn O)和铁淦氧的原料是今后一个时期SDBS 再资源化的发展方向     

锂电池储存性能研究进展

锂电池具有高能量密度和功率密度,是目前研究最广泛的化学能源,但存储性能比传统的银锌电池、铝氧化银电池低,造成其存储性能较差,严重制约其在军事领域的应用。造成锂电池自放电的因素复杂多样,使得存储性能的提高一直以来成为锂电池研究的瓶颈,本文对锂电池的存储性能的研究现状进行了详细的分析。     

机械镀锌的电化学沉积过程初探

采用体视显微镜观察了机械镀锌过程中锌粉在工件(Q235钢)表面的吸附和沉积过程,运用电化学的基础理论分析了金属锌粉的沉积机理。研究结果表明,基层建立阶段,锌粉和Sn2 发生置换反应;镀层增厚阶段,锌粉和M2 发生置换反应。置换反应使工件表面和锌粉颗粒表面之间产生库仑引力,导致锌粉颗粒在工件表面沉积。     

针状海绵态铁粉的研制及其在热电池中的应用

实验考察了针状FeOOH铁黄前驱体粒度及形貌的影响因素,确定了其优化制备工艺条件为：FeCl3×6H2O与CO(NH2)2摩尔比1:(1.5~4.5),水热反应温度90℃,反应时间24 h. 在550℃下CO还原1 h后再用H2还原4 h,可得针状海绵态铁粉,其比表面积(15.8 m2/g)是普通铁粉的6倍以上,因而点火灵敏度高,燃烧充分,发热量大、持续时间长,使热电池的寿命增加近20%,是适用于长寿命热电池的高性能发热材料.     

低维纳米MnO2的制备及其在化学电源中的应用

评述了近年来国内外低维纳米MnO₂材料研究领域的最新进展,其中包括纳米MnO₂颗粒、一维纳米线（管或棒）和二维纳米薄膜等低维纳米结构MnO₂材料的合成;介绍了低维纳米MnO₂作为电极材料在电化学超级电容器、锂离子电池、碱锰电池中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。