改进的K-Means高通量dPCR荧光图像分类算法

目的 为实现高通量dPCR荧光图像阳性点高精确度分类,提出一种改进的K-means高通量dPCR荧光图像分类算法。方法 首先,将预处理后的荧光图像进行像素灰度值统计,依据图像亮度自适应选择波峰波谷作为聚类中心,通过马氏距离度量确定像素簇类;然后,将粗分类结果进行开、闭运算及删除小面积对象等形态学处理;最后,利用3次连通域统计方法完成细分类、位置标识和计数。结果 选取4种通道825幅荧光图像进行检验,平均精确率达到99.06%,召回率达到98.97%,分类效果良好。结论 文中提出的改进K-means分类算法可以实现对高通量dPCR荧光图像的高精度分类和计数,对其他荧光图像分类识别具有一定借鉴意义。     

基于多特征提取和SVM参数优化的车型识别

提出了一种基于多特征提取和支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)参数优化的车型识别方法,此方法解决了采用单一特征容易受到光照、天气、阴影等环境影响的问题,并且可以对运动中的车辆进行车型识别。首先,采集车辆样本并进行图像预处理,提取车辆的几何特征、纹理特征和方向梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gradient,HOG)特征;其次,将提取的多种特征量进行组合测试,并与单个特征量的测试结果进行比较;最后,采用粒子群算法优化SVM 的参数并使用优化的SVM参数进行运动车辆的车型识别。实验结果表明:提出的多特征提取和SVM参数优化相结合的车型识别方法能够取得很好的识别效果,识别率达到90%以上。     

基于kNN-SVM的手背静脉虹膜和指纹融合身份识别

针对识别模式下多生物特征融合识别系统的实现问题,本文基于手背静脉、虹膜和指纹三种生物特征研究了高效的融合识别算法。分别对三种生物特征进行特征提取与匹配,得到独立的匹配分数,基于k近邻(k Nearest Neighbor,kNN)分类器实现手背静脉特征识别,将用户身份范围缩小到k个,实现个人身份的初步识别,利用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)算法实现k个样本范围内虹膜和指纹的融合识别,实现最终的个人身份识别。利用构建的三模态生物特征图像数据库进行了实验分析,实验结果表明该系统具有较高的识别性能,具有广阔的     

基于系数关系共生矩阵和SVM的纹理分析

纹理是图像中非常重要的特征.提出了一种新的纹理特征提取算法,即对纹理图像进行离散小渡框架变换后,利用同一变换尺度下的小波高频系数与低频系数之间的依存关系信息,构造系数共生矩阵,在此基础上进行纹理特征提取,而不是独立地提取各子带系数特征.考虑支撑向量机(SVM)在小样本数据库和泛化能力方面的优势,在分类实验中采用支撑向量机分类器,实验结果表明,基于这种共生矩阵特征提取分类算法能得到很好的分类结果.     

基于集成分类器的泡罩包装药品缺陷识别

目的 针对药品生产包装过程中常出现缺陷泡罩包装药品的问题,研究一种基于多特征构建与集成分类器的泡罩包装药品缺陷识别方法.方法 该方法通过集成2个不同的分类器算法分别对药品图像类别进行预测,并采用联合判定函数对2个预测输出值进行联合决策,得到最终分类结果.第1个分类器模型通过将图像转化到HSV颜色空间,分割出泡罩区域和药片区域,进行特征设计,并在提取多项特征参数后构建BP神经网络分类算法给定药品类别预测.第2个分类器模型应用多层卷积神经网络取代传统算法对图像特征进行提取,并输出药品图像类别的预测值.根据2个分类器的性能进行算法集成,构成最终集成分类器.结果 实验结果表明,该集成分类模型对数据集中泡罩包装药品图像进行分类识别测试,准确率达97％以上.结论 集成分类模型不仅提高了单一分类器的识别准确率,也具有更佳的稳定性.该方法取得了卓越的分类效果,具有较高应用性.     

基于VMD和样本熵的高压断路器故障特征提取及分类

提出了一种基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和样本熵的高压断路器振动信号的特征向量提取方法,并采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)对故障类型进行识别。将断路器振动信号进行滤波处理,对信号进行变分模态分解,利用分解得到的固有模态函数分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF)表征断路器各个振动事件,计算其样本熵作为特征向量,利用SVM对断路器不同运行状态进行分类识别。仿真信号表明,VMD对于处理瞬态非周期性的振动信号具有优越的分解特性。利用该方法在实验室条件下对四类故障状态进行特征提取和识别,对比结果表明应用该方法能有效提取高压断路器的故障特征并准确地识别出故障类型。     

AHP-模糊算法在卷烟制丝过程质量评价中的应用

目的 实现曲轴轴承盖在包装生产线上的自动分选,提高生产效率,降低企业生产成本。方法 提出一种基于机器视觉的曲轴轴承盖外形轮廓分类方法,首先等间隔提取预处理曲轴轴承盖图像的行和列,计算每行和每列所含目标像素数量,将关于图像中心对称的2列目标像素数量求和,将提取的特征依序组成对轴承盖正反摆放具有不变性的特征向量;然后采用主成分分析法,对归一化处理的特征向量进行降维;最后采用支持向量机分类。结果 实验结果表明,对样本集的特征向量提取前5个主成分,零件外形轮廓分类准确率达到99.8%。结论 文中所述方法可实现轴承盖零件的准确分类。     

基于光谱特征和纹理特征协同学习的高光谱图像数据分类

高光谱遥感图像中包含有大量的高维数据,传统的有监督学习算法在对这些数据进行分类时要求获取足够多的有标记样本用于分类器的训练.然而,对高光谱图像中大量的复杂地物像元所属类别进行准确标注通常需要耗费极大的人力.在本文中,我们提出了一种基于半监督学习的光谱和纹理特征协同学习(STF-CT)--法,利用协同学习机制将高光谱图像光谱特征和空间纹理特征这两种不同的特征结合起来,用于小训练样本集下的高光谱图像数据分类问题.STF-CT算法充分利用了高光谱图像的光谱和纹理特征这两个独立视图,构建起一种有效的半监督分类方法,用于提升分类器在小训练样本集情况下的分类精度.实验结果表明该算法在小训练样本集下的高光谱地物分类问题上具有很好的效果.     

特征融合的多视角步态识别研究

针对单一特征步态识别率低的问题,提出一种将步态能量图(Gait Energy Image,GEI)中动态部分和Gabor小波特征融合的步态识别算法.首先,通过运动目标检测及二值化和形态学处理等预处理操作得到步态轮廓图,再进一步从步态轮廓图计算得到步态能量图,并从中分割出动态部分.然后,利用Gabor小波从步态能量图的动态部分中提取不同角度的信息,将两步态特征融合在一起,对融合后得到的特征向量用改进的KPCA方法进行降维.最后,将降维后的融合特征向量输入到基于多分类的支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)中,从而完成步态的分类和识别.经过在中国科学院自动化研究所CASIA步态数据库上进行实验,取得了很好的识别效果,实验结果表明,与单一特征的步态识别方法相比,融合后算法的识别率提高了约10%.     

基于DT-CWT和SVM的纹理分类算法

提出了一种基于双树复数小波变换(DT-CWT)和支持向量机(SVM)的纹理分类算法.双树复数小波变换不仅具有实数小波的诸多优点,而且还具有近似平移不变性、良好的方向选择性和低冗余度,并且能对图像进行完全重构,能够更好地刻画纹理的特性;支持向量机算法是近年发展起来的性能优越的分类算法,比传统分类器有很大的优越性:避免了局部最优解和"维数灾"问题,其最优分类超平面的思想能够提高分类准确度.该方法用双树复数小波对纹理图像进行滤波并在各方向子带上进行重构,再计算其局部能量函数得到每个像素的特征向量,最后利用支持向量机算法实现对纹理图像像素的分类.将本方法与其它的分类算法进行比较,实验结果表明,提出的算法能有效地提高正确分类率.     

支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法

提出了两种基于支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法。联合算法的核心思想是在构建基础分类器的同时选择有效特征。通过对实测舰船数据和公共数据的识别实验,证明了两种算法都可以用于舰船目标识别。算法一更适用于冗余特征较多的情况。算法二在对舰船目标识别时,选择的特征数目降低为原来特征数目的30%,正确分类率比单个支持向量机高近10%。     

基于支持向量机的印品缺陷分类方法

目的研究印品图像的各类形状缺陷,建立基于支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的印品形状缺陷分类模型。方法对印品进行符合人眼视觉特性的缺陷识别,并对提取缺陷进行特征分析。将特征数据导入支持向量机进行训练学习,SVM分类器对缺陷图像进行测试。结果分类器对点缺陷和面缺陷的识别率为100%,对线缺陷的分类准确率达93.94%。结论基于SVM的缺陷分类方法能较好地满足印品质量检测的需求。     

Vibration data-driven machine learning architecture for structural health monitoring of steel frame structures

A vibration data-based machine learning architecture is designed for structural health monitoring (SHM) of a steel plane frame structure. This architecture uses a Bag-of-Features algorithm that extracts the speeded-up robust features (SURF) from the time-frequency scalogram images of the registered vibration data. The discriminative image features are then quantised to a visual vocabulary using K-means clustering. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) is trained to distinguish the undamaged and multiple damage cases of the frame structure based on the discriminative features. The potential of the machine learning architecture is tested for an unseen dataset that was not used in training as well as with some datasets from entirely new damages close to existing (i.e., trained) damage classes. The results are then compared with those obtained using three other combinations of features and learning algorithms—(i) histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature with SVM, (ii) SURF feature with k-nearest neighbours (KNN) and (iii) HOG feature with KNN. In order to examine the robustness of the approach, the study is further extended by considering environmental variabilities along with the localisation and quantification of damage. The experimental results show that the machine learning architecture can effectively classify the undamaged and different joint damage classes with high testing accuracy that indicates its SHM potential for such frame structures.     

Automated diagnosis system for age‐related macular degeneration using hybrid features set from fundus images

Impairment to macula can cause loss of central vision. There are various macular disorders that can affect macular region and if not treated at an early stage can cause irreversible central vision loss. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) disorder is one of the most threading macular disorder. Bright lesion, drusens presence in macular region is known as the hallmark of AMD disorder. This bright lesion differentiation from other bright lesion like exudates is important for accurate diagnosis of AMD. Focus of this article is automated diagnosis of affected macular region by applying a hybrid features set containing textural, color, and structural/shape features for more accurate detection of AMD at an early stage using fundus images. These features also help to distinguish drusens from exudates. The proposed algorithm at first stage, detect macular region from input fundus image and then perform features extraction based on textural pattern, edge, and structural properties of macular region to classify abnormal macula from normal macula. For classification, we have used support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbor and neural networks but SVM classifier achieves high accuracy. The proposed algorithm is tested on publicly available STARE and locally available AFIO datasets. Attained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of our proposed system are 97.5%, 95% and 95.45%, respectively, when applied on STARE dataset. When we have applied our proposed system on AFIO dataset, we have attained sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 93.3%, 92% and 92.34%, respectively.     

Performance comparison of texture feature analysis methods using PNN classifier for segmentation and classification of brain CT images

A computer software system is designed for the segmentation and classification of benign and malignant tumor slices in brain computed tomography images. In this paper, we present a texture analysis methods to find and select the texture features of the tumor region of each slice to be segmented by support vector machine (SVM). The images considered for this study belongs to 208 benign and malignant tumor slices. The features are extracted and selected using Student's t‐test. The reduced optimal features are used to model and train the probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier and the classification accuracy is evaluated using k fold cross validation method. The segmentation results are also compared with the experienced radiologist ground truth. Quantitative analysis between ground truth and segmented tumor is presented in terms of quantitative measure of segmentation accuracy and the overlap similarity measure of Jaccard index. The proposed system provides some newly found texture features have important contribution in segmenting and classifying benign and malignant tumor slices efficiently and accurately. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid texture feature analysis method using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) based classifier is able to achieve high segmentation and classification accuracy effectiveness as measured by Jaccard index, sensitivity, and specificity.     

Fuzzy relevance vector machine based classification of lung nodules in computed tomography images

Lung cancer is a critical disease with growing death rate, hence, the faster identification and treatment of lung cancer is essential. In medical image processing, the traditional methods like support vector machine, relevance vector machine for classifying cancer tissues are less sensitive to false data and required optimal improvement in classification accuracy. The proposed system of accurate lung cancer classification is obtained by a hybrid fuzzy relevance vector machine (FRVM) classifier with correlation negation ant colony optimization (CNACO) algorithm. This system provides enhanced accuracy and sensitivity by implementing two stages of feature extraction, image thresholding, and tumor segmentation, with a novel feature selection and tumor classification algorithm. The best features are selected by the proposed CNACO algorithm. The selected features are labeled and classified by FRVM classifier. The proposed classification scheme is validated on lung image database consortium and image database resource initiative public database and obtained accuracy of about 98.75%.     

Earlier detection of cancer regions from MR image features and SVM classifiers

In this article, we examine the use of several segmentation algorithms for medical image classification. This work detects the cancer region from magnetic resonance (MR) images in earlier stage. This is accomplished in three stages. In first stage, four kinds of region‐based segmentation techniques are used such as K‐means clustering algorithm, expectation–maximization algorithm, partial swarm optimization algorithm, and fuzzy c‐means algorithm. In second stage, 18 texture features are extracting using gray level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM). In stage three, classification is based on multi‐class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Finally, the performance analysis of SVM classifier is analyzed using the four types of segmentation algorithm for a group of 200 patients (32—Glioma, 32—Meningioma, 44—Metastasis, 8—Astrocytoma, 72—Normal). The experimental results indicate that EM is an efficient segmentation method with 100% accuracy. In SVM, quadratic and RBF (σ = 0.5) kernel methods provide the highest classification accuracy compared to all other SVM kernel methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 26, 196–208, 2016     

Mobile application-based computer-aided diagnosis of skin tumours from dermal images

Skin tumour is defined as the enormous growth of cells in the skin. The aim is to design standalone application for diagnosis of skin tumours. The dermal images of three different types obtained from the authorized PH2 database are used to analyse the defined image processing algorithm. In this algorithm, pre-processing was performed to remove hair cells. Contour-based level set is used to segment lesion from which clinical and morphological features are extracted for classification. Significant features are obtained with the feature selection technique, Random subset. Classification is performed with three classifiers. The efficiency of the classifier obtained with different trials of classification is analysed with the ANOVA test. With these results, the Multiclass Support vector machine was configured as a suitable classifier to categorize dermal images. Therefore, an application is developed for the analysis of images acquired through mobile with the help of a magnification set-up. Thus, extracted features, segmented and original images are transferred to a database for storage.