低空航测三维优化选线技术应用研究

介绍了低空航测三维优化选线技术的理论基础和应用研究.结合低空航测技术的发展,分析其技术特点及应用前景；针对我院研发的三维优化选线系统,分析三维优化选线理论基础和意义；最后结合工程实践分析线路工程进行低空航测三维优化选线作业流程,论证该方法的先进性和实效性.     

工程装备发展专家系统中数据挖掘和知识发现应用浅析

数据挖掘和知识发现技术是当前数据库和信息决策领域最前沿研究的方向之一.在各个领域中的研究和应用越来越多,本文主要介绍了工程装备发展专家系统中应用数据挖掘和知识发现的几个方法,最后应用该技术对工程装备发展专家系统中的相关数据简单地进行分析.     

知识工程的应用研究进展

知识工程是源于专家系统建造而形成的一个研究领域,目前已经成为一个跨学科的综合学科.文章简要介绍了知识工程的概念和发展历程,重点分析了知识工程在工业工程、教育领域、新兴应用等多个领域的主要应用.提出其未来在安全认证及信任管理等方面的研究方向.     

基于北斗定位技术的特高压工程数字化选线系统设计

为了提高定位精度,提出了基于北斗定位技术的特高压工程数字化选线系统设计。利用分布式结构设计了数据采集终端和运算控制单元,结合数据采集电路,完成特高压工程数字化选线系统的硬件设计。在提取的特高压工程输电线路暂态特征基础上,采用北斗定位技术,优化了特高压工程数字化选线程序,实现了特高压工程的数字化选线。系统测试结果表明,该系统可以提高接地故障的定位精度,在选线合理性方面也具有很大优势。     

电子信息科学与技术应用探讨

随着多个行业领域的发展,信息技术在我国社会的应用越来越广泛。基于此,笔者首先简要阐述了电子信息科学与技术的应用现状;其次,介绍了电子信息科学与技术的应用特点;最后,从工程管理领域、农业生产领域、多媒体领域、医疗系统领域、军事国防领域、网络领域等多个角度入手,重点研究了电子信息科学与技术的实际应用方向。     

智能需求获取与建模研究综述

基于大数据机器学习的智能软件研发过程需要综合运用软件工程、数据与领域知识工程、机器学习等多方面的知识和工具,涉及的研究主题和人员角色众多,技术实现手段复杂、研发难度大. 面向智能软件的需求工程需要面对领域知识、业务知识、数据科学交织带来的挑战. 然而,如何将领域知识和端到端的机器学习技术恰当地融合到给定的业务流程之中,以及如何应对工业、医疗等高可信要求场景中的可解释性需求,仍是亟待探索的重要研究问题. 调研了近年来面向机器学习应用的需求工程研究文献,对该领域的发展现状、核心问题和代表性方法进行综述. 提出了面向机器学习应用的可解释性需求分析框架. 基于该框架,通过一个工业智能应用案例分析了未来待研究的重要问题,展望了可行的研究路径.

     

石油勘探开发领域本体构建及应用

领域本体是知识工程中的重要组成部分,本体技术是一种重要的知识表示方法,是知识工程背后的支撑技术。首先介绍领域本体的构建理论及方法,从主题域、知识域、本体域提出石油勘探开发领域本体的三维知识模型并基于该模型开发了本体构建软件实现了石油勘探实例的管理及应用。     

知识图谱赋能的知识工程:理论、技术与系统专题序言

<正>知识图谱是人工智能在知识工程理论和技术发展中的前沿。知识图谱方法、技术与应用在新一代人工智能由“感知智能”迈向“认知智能”的过程中扮演重要角色。近年来，随着大规模知识图谱的发布和知识图谱赋能系统的应用，国内外学术界和产业界均在多个维度对知识图谱赋能的知识工程进行了研究与开发。虽然国内外学者在知识图谱及相关方向上已取得若干研究成果，但知识图谱赋能的知识工程尚未形成成熟的理论体系、技术方法、应用与系统实践，仍有众多有待解决的具有挑战性的难题。本专题旨在促进知识图谱赋能的知识工程研究、开发与应用，及时、集中、全面地报道知识图谱赋能的知识工程在理论、方法、技术、系统与应用实践等方面的最新成果和进展。     

多智能体技术发展及其应用综述

首先阐述了智能体技术的相关定义及特性,通过分析国内外多智能体技术的应用研究文献,对多智能体系统的基础研究进行分析并梳理了多智能体一致性及控制等方向的技术发展。接着选取了机器人控制和无线传感器网络两个领域重点,探讨了近年来多智能体技术在实际工程中的应用变化与最新成果。最后,总结了多智能体技术在工程应用中有待解决的主要问题,指出了未来多智能体技术应用的研究方向。     

计算机图像处理技术及其在农业工程中的应用

随着科学技术的进步,计算机的使用已普及到各个领域,包括军事、医学、建筑、农业、商业和教育等。经过长时间的使用和研究,计算机技术已逐渐成熟,能应用到更多领域。农业工程领域,随着计算机技术的飞速发展,已在农学研究、精确农业以及农业工程等多个方面取得较好的效果。基于此,分析计算机图像技术的概念、组成部分以及与其他科学技术之间的联系,探讨计算机图像处理技术在农学研究领域和农机工程领域的应用现状,提出现阶段计算机图像处理技术在农机工程领域应用中存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

基于空间形态数据的铁路通信数字工程设计系统

建筑信息模型 (building information modeling, BIM)技术作为建筑业实现信息化数字化转型的核心技术, 在铁路建设全生命周期中具有很高的研究价值. 在铁路通信机械室内、站场、区间设计中, 将铁路通信实体的空间位置、形状、大小、关系等空间形态描述数据化, 结合铁路通信设计规范、相关铁路BIM标准以及专业实际设计需求, 研究开发出铁路通信数字工程设计系统. 本系统以空间形态数据为支撑, 铁路工程实体结构分解标准为基础, 在三维环境下实现了铁路通信机械室内机柜设备的智能布设, 站场通信沟槽线缆的路径规划, 区间通信信息点位置的准确布置. 系统进一步基于数字工程模型和图论基本原理, 实现了从数字工程模型中获取逻辑关系并生成通信逻辑网图. 经实际工程验证, 系统对铁路通信数字工程设计效率和准确率都有较大提升, 从工程源头实现了铁路通信工程数字化成果交付和应用, 促进了铁路通信工程项目全过程技术升级和数字化模式革新.     

压电传感测试技术的应用研究进展

压电传感器以其独特的性能在减振降噪、健康监测、形状自适应控制、损伤监测等方面发挥着重要作用,综述了压电传感测试技术在航空航天、土木、机械、交通工程、铁路行车安全监测等领域的研究进展,并指出了今后有待进一步研究的问题。     

非对称缓和曲线在AutoCAD中的开发与实现

非对称缓和曲线是构成交通线路中线平面线形的基本要素之一。从非对称缓和曲线的方程式及缓和曲线的主点坐标的计算式出发,运用AutoCAD的AutoLISP语言进行编程,实现了非对称缓和曲线在AutoCAD中的准确绘制。根据非对称缓和曲线的特点,采用先缓和曲线,后圆曲线的绘制方法,避免了用户坐标系转换次数过多,使得研究成果更具有通用性。该程序应用于AutoCAD平台,其绘图精度和效率满足应用要求。     

Implementation of knowledge-based engineering methodology in ship structural design

The work presents a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) methodology for ship hull structural member design. In the ship design process, many design tasks need the expertise or design experiences to support them. However, the ship design procedure is a complicated process with many labor-intensive activities. Therefore it is necessary to integrate intelligent design process into ship design. An application developed in a KBE system takes design requirements, applies the knowledge stored in the knowledge base and generates a new design automatically. Knowledge-based engineering methods for ship design are put forward, which combine with the theory of intelligent design. A ship deck design case illustrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The KBE technology provides appropriate suggestions and support, integrates the information, to avoid conflict and errors. Besides, it also achieves knowledge reuse and accumulation, provides reliable technical support for ship design quality, significantly reduces the design cycle, and promotes working efficiency.     

Expert systems for manufacturing cell simulation and design

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is approached by means of the application of Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and other CA techniques, methods and programs/program systems. These programs are often implemented as knowledge-based, or expert systems and in this way they became typical examples of engineering application of artificial intelligence. The production task of CIM systems is solved by using flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). FMSs built up from smaller, complex units, i.e. from flexible manufacturing cells (FMCs) have several advantages. The design and the operation of manufacturing systems need new, sophisticated methods to utilize all the embedded benefits of the sophisticated and expensive elements installed for production purposes. New methods like knowledge processing technology, cooperative problem-solving techniques, etc., offer wide possibilities to design more reasonable systems. This paper describes prototype expert systems that make use of different knowledge-based tools and techniques to design (configure, reconfigure) and simulate manufacturing cells, taking into consideration technological plans and other relevant information.     

GIS环境下缓和曲线绘制方法研究

缓和曲线是构成交通线路中线平面线形的基本要素之一。从分析缓和曲线几何特征和数学模型出发,根据计算机图形学中曲线离散化表达的基本原理,用折线拟合的方法实现了GIS环境下缓和曲线对象的准确绘制。基于数值积分的复化梯形公式,推导出了缓和曲线拟合折线分段数计算的严密数学公式。进一步给出了缓和曲线上任意点坐标与里程间的转换方法,使研究成果更具实用性。该方法在SuperMap GIS平台上实现,其绘图精度和效率能满足应用需求。     

公路立交BIM参数化快速精确建模方法研究

摘 要：公路立交工程自身空间结构复杂、曲线交叉繁杂、跨桥线路复杂、桥面高程变化 繁多等特点,给建模工作造成了极大的困难,大型立交桥的设计建模工作一直是工程界亟待解 决的问题。采用 BIM 相关软件,针对公路立交工程的特点,通过将 BIM 相关建模软件与可视 化编程插件——Dynamo 相结合的方法,详细论述了实时可编辑地形模型、主体结构精度模型 以及批量附属设施的三维模型快速搭建方法。并通过具体操作实例证明该方法能提高公路立交 BIM 模型的搭建效率,可推动 BIM 技术在公路立交工程中的应用。     

Mountain railway alignment optimization using stepwise & hybrid particle swarm optimization incorporating genetic operators

Optimizing railway alignments is a quite complex and time-consuming engineering problem. The huge continuous search space, complex constraints, implicit objective function and infinite potential alternatives of this problem pose many challenges. Especially in mountainous regions, finding a near-optimal alignment for extremely complex terrain and constraints is a most arduous task, which cannot be solved satisfactorily with most existing methods. In this study, a stepwise & hybrid particle swarm-genetic algorithm is developed for railway alignment optimization in mountainous regions. It is a continuous search method suitable for railway alignment design. A stepwise horizontal–vertical–integral approach which defines the horizontal and vertical alignments as two kinds of particles, is proposed to solve the three-dimensional railway alignment optimization problem. To enhance the initial diversity and momentum, butterfly-shaped areas are preset on a path generated with a bidirectional distance transform for initializing horizontal particles. For the solution method, specific genetic operators, including roulette wheel selection, four crossovers and two mutations are integrated into the stepwise particle swarm method to address parameter-dependent performance and avoid premature convergence. In addition, a cubic polynomial weight update strategy is employed for thoroughly searching the problem space. This synthesis method has been applied to a real-world case in a very mountainous region. The detailed data analyses demonstrate that it can offer more promising solutions compared with alternatives designed by experienced designers and those generated with a genetic algorithm or non-stepwise particle swarm algorithm.     

The shared expertise model for teaching interactive design assistants

The growing complexity of contemporary engineering designs requires the use of sophisticated computer-based design tools. Such tools increase productivity in drafting, configuration and calculations. However, the current generation of design tools plays a rather passive role in the entire design process. Recent progress in knowledge-based engineering design, machine learning and knowledge acquisition allows the development of knowledge-based design assistants which could behave as active partners to human designers, rather than as passive graphical or computational tools. This paper presents the shared expertise model (SEM) of interaction between a human designer and a knowledge-based design assistant, in which the design assistant behaves as an apprentice and a collaborator in the design process. The human designer and his computer-based assistant create designs together, with the assistant proposing routine or even innovative designs, and the human designer correcting and finalizing these design, as well as specifying creative designs. In this process, the assistant also learns from the human designer, constantly extending and improving its knowledge base, and becoming a better design assistant. This is achieved by employing apprenticeship multistrategy learning based on a plausible version space representation. Within the SEM framework, a human designer with limited programming capabilities can directly develop and maintain a personalized knowledge-based design assistant. The use of SEM leads to increased capabilities of the expert-assistant design team. In this paper, some of the main features of the SEM model, as well as its implementation with the Disciple toolkit, are illustrated within the domain of computer workstation configuration.     

遥感技术在GZ40禹门口～阎良段高速公路工程地质调绘中的应用

应用遥感技术对阎良—禹门口段高速公路进行工程地质调绘，采用航天、航空遥感图像与野外调查相结合的方法，查明了路线带的工程地质环境，重点分析了构造断裂带和不良地质现象及其对公路设计的危害，显示出遥感技术是进行公路工程地质调查的最有效的手段之一。