量子粒子群算法优化相关向量机的轴承故障诊断

人为因素对传统滚动轴承故障诊断方法有比较大的影响,并且故障起因比较复杂。针对此问题提出用基于量子粒子群(QPSO)算法优化的相关向量机(RVM)进行滚动轴承故障诊断。采用总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)方法来处理滚动轴承的振动信号,分解后可以得到很多内禀模态函数(IMF)。再把IMF能量作为特征向量输入到QPSA-RVM诊断器中对滚动轴承的故障进行准确诊断。实验结果显示:该模型可以更快地实现对滚动轴承故障的准确识别,证明了该模型的稳定性及高效性。与支持向量机(SVM)分析对比后,进一步体现出RVM方法在智能故障诊断领域中具有优势。     

基于LCD和改进SVM的轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承极易损伤,振动信号表现出非线性、非平稳性等特点,提出一种基于局部特征尺度分解(LCD)和改进支持向量机(SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断算法。首先对采集到的轴承振动信号进行LCD,分解得到一系列内禀尺度分量(ISC),通过与经验模态分解(EMD)对比研究,证明了LCD方法的优越性;然后计算所有分量的能量熵值,提取出轴承信号的敏感特征集,输入到经过遗传算法(GA)进行参数优选后的SVM识别模型进行轴承状态的诊断识别。实验研究表明,基于LCD和改进SVM的轴承诊断算法能较好地提取出轴承故障特征信息,对4种轴承状态的识别率高达90%,是一种较为有效的轴承故障诊断方法。     

经验模态分解结合包络谱LSSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障诊断问题,提出了经验模态分解(EMD)包络谱分析结合最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)方法用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。EMD具有自适应性,可以有效分析非平稳,非线性信号。利用EMD将轴承信号分解为由高频到低频的固有模态函数(IMF),选取前4个主要包含轴承故障频率的IMF函数进行包络谱分析,采用每个分量函数的特征频率和轴承的时域特征作为轴承故障的识别特征,结合LSSVM方法建立轴承故障诊断定性识别模型。结果表明：单独采用频率特征的LSSVM判别模型无法实现轴承故障的准确识别,其正确识别率仅为82.5%;采用频率特征结合时域特征的LSSVM模型可以实现轴承故障类型的100%准确识别。EMD包络谱分析结合模式识别的方法可以实现轴承故障类型的有效识别。     

基于双树复小波包和改进SVM的轴承故障诊断

为了提高滚动轴承内圈、滚动体、外圈等故障诊断效率,提出了将双树复小波包和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）结合的故障诊断方法。采用双树复小波包对轴承振动信号分解和重构,提取重构信号中的故障能量特征并构造特征样本作为支持向量机诊断模型的输入。针对支持向量机的参数选取没有固定方法而导致故障诊断的准确性降低的问题,采用人工鱼群算法对支持向量机的惩罚系数和核参数进行寻优。用寻优得到的参数建立支持向量机诊断模型对特征样本进行故障诊断。仿真结果表明提出的方法不仅可以提高降噪效果从而得到滚动轴承故障振动的特征信号,而且能实现更高精度的故障诊断。     

基于变分模态分解和混沌麻雀搜索算法优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和混沌麻雀搜索算法(CSSA)优化支持向量机(SVM)的故障诊断方法.首先,利用VMD处理滚动轴承信号,提取本征模态分量(IMF)的能量谱和能量熵作为故障特征向量;其次,通过引入改进Tent混沌映射和自适应t分布策略,加入边界探索和警戒解除机制,对麻雀搜索算法(SSA)进行改进;最后,采用CSSA-SVM模型进行滚动轴承故障的识别和诊断.实验结果表明,CSSA-SVM模型能够有效识别滚动轴承的故障类型,拥有更高的诊断精度.     

基于蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的轴承故障诊断方法

由于轴承振动信号具有复杂性和非线性,难以有效提取故障特征,影响故障诊断的准确率.为了提高故障诊断准确率,提出一种蝙蝠算法(BA)优化相关向量机(RVM)的轴承故障诊断方法.首先结合变分模态分解和多尺度熵从轴承振动信号中提取出故障特征,作为相关向量机的输入向量;接着采用蝙蝠算法优化相关向量机的核函数参数;然后训练相关向量...     

基于振动信号能量熵的轴承故障诊断

轴承大量存在于机械设备当中,轴承的故障也是各种机械故障的主要原因。对轴承故障及时和准确的判断,可以有效地预防由轴承故障引起的事故,减少损失。基于此提出一种基于振动信号能量熵的轴承故障诊断的方法。轴承在不同的工作状态下,轴承振动信号的能量熵不同,也就是能量分布也是不同的,可以通过能量分布的不同判断轴承的状态。首先对轴承的振动信号进行总体平均经验模态分解EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition),获得若干个本征模函数IMF(Intrinsic Mode Function),然后计算本征模函数能量特征,将能量特征作为输入,可以建立相关向量机判断轴承的状态。通过实验验证,基于振动信号能量熵的故障诊断方法可以有效地应用于轴承的故障诊断。     

基于参数优化VMD和样本熵的滚动轴承故障诊断EI北大核心CSCD

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取不丰富而导致的诊断识别率低的情况,提出了基于参数优化变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)和样本熵的特征提取方法,采用支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)进行故障识别.VMD方法的分解效果受限于分解个数和惩罚因子的选取,本文分析了这两个影响参数选取的不规律性,采用遗传变异粒子群算法进行参数优化,利用参数优化的VMD方法处理故障信号.样本熵在衡量滚动轴承振动信号的复杂度时,得到的熵值并不总是和信号的复杂度相关,故结合滚动轴承的故障机理,提出基于滚动轴承故障机理的样本熵,此样本熵衡量振动信号的复杂度与机理分析的结果一致.仿真实验表明,利用本文提出的特征提取方法,滚动轴承的故障诊断准确率有明显的提高.     

基于鲸鱼算法优化LSSVM的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对轴承振动信号中的故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于改进的鲸鱼算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine, LSSVM)的故障分类方法.首先,利用变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition, VMD)对原始信号进行分解,使用中心频率法解决VMD中分解参数K值的选取问题;其次,计算每个IMF分量的多尺度排列熵值,提取信号故障特征;再次,针对鲸鱼算法(whale optimization algorithm, WOA)收敛速度慢和精度低的问题,引入冯诺依曼拓扑结构和自适应权重进行改进,可以适当地调整全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力之间的平衡;最后,采用改进后的鲸鱼算法优化LSSVM核函数的参数和惩罚因子,建立滚动轴承故障诊断模型,并利用美国凯斯西储大学提供的轴承数据集进行仿真实验.实验结果表明,所提方法的故障分类性能更好,准确率更高.     

基于EEMD与GWO-SVM的石化机组轴承故障诊断

针对石化机组轴承做故障分类时，传统支持向量机的分类性能受自身参数选择的影响识别准确率不高的问题，提出一种基于集合经验模态分解和改进支持向量机的石化机组轴承故障诊断。首先利用集合经验模态分解（ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD）与样本熵（sample entropy,SE）对原始信号进行特征提取，采用灰狼算法优化支持向量机（gray wolf optimization algorithm support vector machine,GWO-SVM）的方法得到最优参数，构建石化机组轴承故障诊断模型。最后以实际石化机组数据集进行诊断分析，并通过与未优化的支持向量机和传统优化算法的支持向量机进行对比，表明该文所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.