机载北斗/GPS/SINS组合导航系统软硬件设计

针对单一导航导航系统在导航精度、稳定性、设备成本以及导航信息完备性等方面的局限性,设计了卫星导航/惯性导航组合导航系统;针对GPS导航系统受制于人及北斗导航系统发展尚不完善的特点,提出了基于北斗/GPS/SINS的军用机载组合导航系统软硬件设计;搭建了北斗/GPS/SINS组合导航系统硬件平台,采用基于不确定度的加权平均数据融合算法提高组合导航系统的导航可靠性和准确性;仿真结果表明,该组合导航系统稳定性好,可靠性高,定位准确。     

低成本AUV 导航系统模

提出了一种基于信息融合技术的低成本AUV组合导航系统方案,并对系统组合方式、以及相关的信息融合技术进行了研究.基于信息融合的组合导航方案可以充分地利用各种导航传感器的信息,从而能有效地提高导航系统的精度,降低系统成本.同时,系统的冗余设计也保证了系统的可靠性.     

惯性/卫星/天文组合导航仿真研究

研究组合导航系统优化导航的精度,针对星敏感器和卫星导航数据难以获取.为了对惯性/卫星/天文组合导航系统优化分析,同时克服物理实验缺少飞行轨迹信息的不足,深入研究了组合导航系统半物理仿真系统.提出了利用分布式子系统仿真模拟器,通过外部接口传输导航数据的仿真方法,便于进行子系统的单独验证以及组合导航仿真研究.通过对各子系统的仿真以及利用联邦滤波结构的组合导航算法仿真,结果表明,改变导航参数后的表现与理想结果一致,证明系统能 够完成设定的导航任务,并为设计提供了参考.     

基于DSP与FPGA的嵌入式组合导航计算机系统设计

为了满足SINS/GPS组合导航系统高精度、低功耗、小型化的需求,设计出基于DSP和FPGA架构的嵌入式导航计算机平台。首先,描述了导航计算机系统的总体架构,提出了导航计算机硬件总体设计方案,并阐述了导航信息处理模块和数据采集通信模块;其次,设计了Kalman组合滤波器,描述了组合导航系统软件流程;最后,进行样机实证试验。实验结果表明,该系统可以实时高效完成外围传感器信息数据采集、实时导航解算、Kalman滤波、上位机的指令读取等任务,满足SINS/GPS组合导航系统对导航计算机的性能需求。     

基于ARM和DSP的组合导航系统设计

设计并实现了基于ARM和DSP的SINS/GPS组合导航系统;该系统采用DSP作为导航解算计算机,完成导航数据的快速的融合与解算处理;采用ARM处理器作为上位机,完成导航系统的数据存储、显示与输入输出接口控制等功能;重点完成了光纤陀螺和加速度计的高精度数据采集以及ARM与DSP之间的通信接口的设计,并根据系统的硬件配置,设计并实现了组合导航系统的卡尔曼滤波器;最后进行了车载试验,试验数据分析结果表明该组合导航系统可以获得理想的导航精度,验证了导航系统软、硬件设计的正确性和可靠性.     

组合导航系统模拟器中的卡尔曼滤波设计

组合导航系统模拟器是飞行训练模拟系统的关键部件,在分别设计了惯性导航系统模拟器以及卫星导航模拟器的基础上,为了提高模拟器的真实性,针对如何实现两个系统最优组合,为其它系统提供准确可靠的导航数据的问题,参照现代飞机组合导航系统的组成结构及工作原理,设计了组合导航卡尔曼滤波器,建立了松组合和紧组合两种组合导航方式的方程和量测方程,并与纯惯性导航系统的结果进行对比分析,证明了所设计的组合导航系统卡尔曼滤波器的有效性.     

基于联邦UKF的可重复使用运载器再入段组合导航

针对航天科技领域的再入问题,根据导航系统状态方程非线性的特点,设计基于联邦滤波的UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）算法,并应用于可重复使用运载器（Reusable Launch Vehicle,RLV）的组合导航系统.对基于该算法的RLV组合导航（惯性导航、卫星导航和天文导航）系统进行仿真,并与传统的基于联邦滤波算法对组合导航系统进行比较.结果表明,提出的组合导航方案和基于联邦滤波的UKF算法能提高导航精度、鲁棒性和容错性.     

组合导航后验方差异步融合算法

当组合导航系统在工作中对各个导航系统提供的信息进行融合计算时会出现导航数据异步到达的现象,传统的组合导航异步融合算法在处理这种情况时会产生较为明显的误差.针对这一问题,设计基于组合导航后验方差异步融合算法解决组合导航系统中出现的信息异步融合计算问题.首先改进系统噪声和量测噪声,使其在数学表达上满足互不相关性要求;然后通过求解后验均值计算出后验方差,建立状态一步预测值计算方法;最后基于上述结果设计组合导航系统的后验方差异步融合算法方程组.仿真结果表明,相比传统的组合导航融合算法,提出的组合导航后验方差异步融合算法可以有效减少因导航系统信息异步到达而引起的融合计算误差,有效提高组合导航系统的导航精度.     

MEMS-SINS/GPS组合导航系统设计

针对我国军用和民用领域对微小型组合导航系统的迫切需求,提出了基于MEMS技术的SINS/GPS组合导航系统方案。为设计低成本、小体积、低功耗、高精度、高稳定性的组合导航系统,对微小型组合导航系统进行了研究,设计了传感器模块电路、数据处理电路和串口通信电路。基于ARM芯片STM32F401RE进行了硬件设计,根据卡尔曼滤波算法设计了组合导航系统的软件和位姿估计算法。测试结果表明,所设计的组合导航系统满足导航精度要求。     

新型仿生六足机器人导航系统的建模与仿真

针对新型仿生六足机器人工作任务和作业环境的要求,设计了一种基于INS-GPS器件的专用组合式导航系统。该导航系统采用集中开环式组合方式,以INS和GPS器件输出的导航数据差作为滤波器的输入值,运用经典卡尔曼滤波理论对该导航系统进行了实时修正,并根据仿生六足机器人运动特性和测量任务的要求,建立了该导航系统的位置、速度组合测量方程,并运用MATLAB软件进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:采用该组合式导航系统可大大提高仿生六足机器人的导航精度,为仿生六足机器人实现智能化、实时化控制奠定了基础。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.