黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性和组成鉴定

目的：优化超声波辅助提取黑果腺肋花楸花色苷的条件,测定花色苷的抗氧化能力,鉴定黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物的组成成分。方法：采用响应面法优化花色苷提取条件,通过1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、2,2’-联氨-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基清除能力及Fe3＋还原能力方法评价其抗氧化能力,高效液相色谱-质谱联用法进行成分分析。结果表明：提取温度60?℃、超声功率100?W、料液比1∶30（g/mL）、超声时间31?min、乙醇体积分数64%和pH?2.0时为最优提取条件,此时黑果腺肋花楸花色苷含量可达（3.61±0.01）mg/g。体外抗氧化实验表明,在相同质量浓度条件下,黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物的抗氧化活性明显高于VC。组分鉴定表明黑果腺肋花楸花色苷提取物中共有6?种花色苷,其中矢车菊-己糖苷二聚体和矢车菊-3,5-二己糖苷为新检测出的2?种花色苷。     

蓝靛果酒发酵工艺优化及发酵过程对花色苷的影响

以蓝靛果为原料,进行蓝靛果酒发酵工艺的优化,并分析发酵过程对花色苷含量及花色苷组成的影响。通过比较不同酵母及不同糖类对果酒总酸、残糖、花色苷含量、乙醇体积分数及感官评分的影响,选择安琪葡萄酒果酒专用酵母SY作为发酵菌,蔗糖作为菌株的碳源,研究酵母接种量、起始pH值和发酵温度对蓝靛果酒理化性质及感官的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上进行3因素3水平的正交试验优化。结果表明,蓝靛果酒发酵的最佳工艺为：接种量0.15%、起始pH?3.2、发酵温度26?℃。在此条件下发酵12?d,乙醇体积分数为9.33%,感官评分为75.15,花色苷质量浓度为80.49?mg/L,为初始花色苷质量浓度（211.0?mg/L）的38.13%。利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定发酵对花色苷组成及各组成所占比例的影响,结果显示发酵前后的样品中均含有所测的8?种花色苷,发酵后矢车菊素-3-二己糖苷、芍药素-3,5-二己糖苷、矢车菊素-3,5-二己糖苷、芍药素-3-芸香苷、矢车菊素-3-乙酰基乙糖苷及芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积均有所增加,而矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积降低。     

超声辅助果胶酶法提取红树莓花色苷及其成分测定

本研究利用超声辅助果胶酶法来提取制备红树莓花色苷,通过单因素实验,研究花色苷提取工艺中果胶酶浓度、料液比、酶解pH、酶解温度、超声时间和超声功率对提取液中花色苷含量的影响,结合响应面实验对提取工艺进行了优化,对比超声辅助果胶酶法和单一提取法所得的花色苷含量,并利用超高效液相色谱仪串联四级杆/飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q/TOF)对树莓花色苷进行结构鉴定。结果表明:红树莓花色苷最佳提取条件为:果胶酶浓度5 mg/g、料液比1:15(g/mL)、酶解pH3、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间60 min、超声时间20 min和超声功率450 W,此时所得花色苷含量为127.51 mg/100 g。超声辅助酶法所得到花色苷含量较酶法提高了24.58 mg/100 g,较超声法提高40.40 mg/100 g,较单一提取法,超声辅助酶法具有更好的提取效果。经过超高效液相色谱三重四级杆飞行质谱分离中主要花色苷为:芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-阿拉伯糖苷和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷。     

紫马铃薯花色苷的提取纯化与鉴定

对超声波辅助提取紫马铃薯花色苷工艺条件进行优化,并用NKA-9大孔吸附树脂进行纯化,液相色谱结合紫外-可见光谱扫描分离和鉴定花色苷组成。结果表明：花色苷最佳提取条件为料液比1:50(2.5g/100mL柠檬酸溶液)、超声功率400W、提取温度45℃、提取时间10min,以干质量计算紫马铃薯种花色苷含量为1.362mg/g;用NKA-9大孔吸附树脂纯化,8倍柱床体积洗脱出占总量98.35%的的花色苷,花色苷纯度达到90.23%;高效液相色谱鉴定出紫马铃薯含有5种组分,其中3种分别是矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷和芍药-3-葡萄糖苷,其含量分别为0.27、0.057mg/g和0.46mg/g,三者总和占马铃薯中总花色苷含量的57.78%。马铃薯中含量最高的花色苷成分出峰保留时间为12.224min,其结构未知。     

‘蓓蕾’蓝靛果中花色苷组成鉴定及抗氧化能力比较分析

对蓝靛果中花色苷的组成进行鉴定,并对其抗氧化能力进行比较分析。实验以蓝靛果（‘蓓蕾’品种）为原料,采用有机溶剂60%乙醇（0.1%盐酸酸化）溶液,超声辅助提取90 min;利用D101大孔树脂对获得的粗提物进行纯化,之后冷冻干燥制得粉末物质。通过pH示差法和福林-酚法分别测定总花色苷含量和总多酚含量,分别为（353.35±0.79）、（474.01±2.12）mg/g;并用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对花色苷组成进行鉴定,共发现11 种花色苷,其中矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷为主要花色苷（90.679%）。此外,实验还通过总抗氧化能力测定和2,2’-联氨-二（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力测定,比较分析蓝靛果花色苷提取物、矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷、VC的抗氧化能力,结果表明,3 种物质的抗氧化能力排序为：矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷＞花色苷提取物＞VC。     

‘蓓蕾’蓝靛果中花色苷组成鉴定及抗氧化能力比较分析

对蓝靛果中花色苷的组成进行鉴定,并对其抗氧化能力进行比较分析。实验以蓝靛果(‘蓓蕾’品种)为原料,采用有机溶剂60%乙醇(0.1%盐酸酸化)溶液,超声辅助提取90 min;利用D101大孔树脂对获得的粗提物进行纯化,之后冷冻干燥制得粉末物质。通过p H示差法和福林-酚法分别测定总花色苷含量和总多酚含量,分别为(353.35±0.79)、(474.01±2.12)mg/g;并用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对花色苷组成进行鉴定,共发现11种花色苷,其中矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷为主要花色苷(90.679%)。此外,实验还通过总抗氧化能力测定和2,2’-联氨-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力测定,比较分析蓝靛果花色苷提取物、矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷、VC的抗氧化能力,结果表明,3种物质的抗氧化能力排序为:矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷花色苷提取物VC。     

采用HPLC-DAD-ESIMS技术鉴定紫山药中的花色苷成分

采用大孔树酯对浙江台州黄岩紫山药中的花色苷进行分离,并用高压液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-质谱检测技术对其中的主要花色苷进行结构鉴定。通过差异pH法分析紫山药中花色苷的含量为28.8mg/kg。紫山药中4种主要的花色苷可能是:矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷或半乳糖苷的双咖啡酸酰化物,矢车菊素-3-二糖苷的芥子酸酰化物,矢车菊素-3-二糖苷阿魏酸的酰化物,芍药色素-3-二糖苷的芥子酸酰化物。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法鉴定芍药花色苷

目的建立高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器/电喷雾质谱联用技术研究芍药花中的花色苷类化合物的成分和含量的方法。方法首先用含0.1%盐酸的甲醇溶液提取芍药中的花色苷,经XDA-7大孔树脂纯化后,用高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS2)进行紫外-可见光谱和质谱分析。结果与结论鉴定出4种花色苷,经紫外-可见光谱、质谱和文献报道综合分析,确定了芍药花中的主要花色苷是芍药素-3,5-二葡糖苷,含量为77.14%。含量较低的三种花色苷为矢车菊素-3,5-二葡糖苷,芍药素-3,5-乙酸酰二葡糖苷,飞燕草素-3-葡糖苷,含量分别为2.68%,9.78%,9.07%。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法分析牡丹花中花色苷类化合物

利用高效液相色谱与二极管阵列检测器/电喷雾质谱联用技术研究了牡丹花中的花色苷类化合物,分离检测了五种花色苷,结合紫外吸收光谱和质谱信息分别鉴定为矢车菊-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷,矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷、芍药-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷、芍药-3-O-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷;比较了六个牡丹品种的花色苷组成。     

不同品种桑椹酒抗氧化能力及其多酚含量分析

对6个不同品种的桑椹酒的总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷及桑椹酒中主要的两种花色苷（矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷和矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷）的总抗氧化能力及其相关性进行了分析.结果表明,不同品种的总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷、矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷和总抗氧化能力变幅和变异系数较大,存在显著差异（P＜0.05）;桑椹酒总抗氧化能力与总酚、总类黄酮、原花青素、总花色苷及矢车菊-3-氧-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊-3-氧-芸香糖苷含量之间存在正相关性,其中与总酚的相关性最强,达到0.917 2.     

Retention of Antioxidant Capacity of Vacuum Microwave Dried Cranberry

ABSTRACT: In this study, cranberries were dried by vacuum-microwave drying (VMD), freeze-drying (FD), or hot air-drying (AD), to compare the effects of different drying processes on both physical changes as well as the retention of bioactive components in dried samples. Total porosity (%) and average pore radius of dehydrated cranberries were greater using VMD compared to FD and AD (P < 0.05). Crude methanol cranberry powdered extracts were fractionated by solid phase extraction (SPE) into organic acid-, total phenolics-, anthocyanin-, or proanthocyanidin-enriched extracts, respectively. The chemical composition of the 60% acidified methanol fractions contained cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, and peonidin-3-arabinoside, as assessed by HPLC. Antioxidant activities of cranberry fractions were measured using chemical ORAC and ABTS methods. The 60% acidified methanol fraction had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant potential than the other chemical fractions, which was largely attributed to the relatively higher anthocyanin content. In general, vacuum-microwave drying and freeze-drying resulted in similar retention of anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, which were both relatively higher (P < 0.05) than that recovered from cranberries dried by hot air drying.     

Phenolic Analyses of Haskap Berries (Lonicera caerulea L.): Spectrophotometry Versus High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) are known for their high phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant potential. The data on the phenolic profile of these fruits are lacking. In this study, the phenolic profiles of three haskap varieties; tundra, berry blue, and indigo gem grown in Nova Scotia, Canada were investigated for the first time using spectrophotometery and high-performance liquid chromatography. Berries were analyzed for total phenolic content/total reducing capacity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity). The total reducing capacity, total anthocyanin content, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl values were 6.17–8.42 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram fresh weight, 4.49–6.97 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/gram fresh weight, and 78.70–89.55%, respectively. The extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase diode array detector–high-performance liquid chromatography through a gradient elution using Synergi 4 µm Max-RP C12 column and the chromatograms were acquired at 520, 360, and 320 nm for athocyanins, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids, respectively. The identified anthocyanins were cyanidin-3-glucoside (82.81–91.99% of the total anthocyanins), cyanidin 3,5-di-glucoside (2.31–4.27%), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (1.54–9.20%), peonidin-3-O-glucoside (0.75–3.44%), and pelargonidin-3-glucoside (0.77–2.98%). Other flavonoids (quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside) and free phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic) were also quantified.     

Anthocyanins in Fruits of Vaccinium oxycoccus L. (Small Cranberry)

Peonidin-3-glucoside (41.9%) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (38.3%) were the main anthocyanins isolated from fruits of Vaccinium oxycoccus L. (Small cranberry). Smaller amounts of the 3-monogalactosides and 3-monoarabinosides of peonidin and cyanidin were found in addition to the 3-monoglucosides of delphinidin, petunidin and malvidin. The total anthocyanin content in the fruit averaged 78 mg/100g fresh fruit. This anthocyanin pattern is different from that of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon L.).     

Identification and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins extracted from the seed and cob of purple corn (Zea mays L.)

The total anthocyanin content (TAC) and the antioxidant activity of the seed and cob from Chinese purple corn (Zea mays L., cv Zihei) extracts were determined by pH-differential method, and DPPH, FRAP, and TEAC methods, respectively. TAC in purple corn cob anthocyanins (PCCAs) extract was higher than TAC in purple corn seed anthocyanins (PCSAs) extract. Compared to bulylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), PCCAs and PCSAs possessed significantly higher antioxidant activities, according to the DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. A satisfactory correlation between TAC and antioxidant activity was observed. Result indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside were components in PCSAs extracts, and seven kinds of anthocyanin had been detected and six kinds of anthocyanin in PCCAs extracts were separated and identified them as cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside, and their respective malonated counterparts as their anthocyanins using HPLC–MS analysis.Industrial relevanceIn the last decades, in interest in anthocyanin pigments has increased because of their possible utilization as natural food colorants and especially as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Purple corn is a pigmented variety of Z. mays L., originally cultivated in Latin America. Now, this corn variety is mainly grown in China, especially in Shanxi and Anhui Province, could be new and interesting sources to obtain extracts rich in anthocyanins for their use in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Our results indicated that the seed and cob of purple corn possessed excellent antioxidant activity, which could lead to increased application of these natural food colorants by the food industry.     

Chromatographic Separation of Anthocyanins in Cowberry (Lingonberry) Vaccinium vites-idaea L

The analysis of anthocyanins by a combination of droplet counter-current chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and on-line high-performance liquid chromatography was applied to the acidified ethanol extract of cowberry (lingonberry), Vaccinium vitesidaea L, In addition to 3-galactoside (88.0%), 3-arabinoside (10.6%), and 3-glucoside (1.4%) of cyanidin, delphinidin-3-glucoside (less than 0.1%) was identified. The total anthocyanin content was determined to be 174 mg/100g fresh fruit.     

Characterisation and preliminary bioactivity determination of Berberis boliviana Lechler fruit anthocyanins

Berberis boliviana Lechler is a member of the Berberidaceae family that has a small edible red-purple berry. The plant is native to the Peruvian Andes and contains high amounts of anthocyanin pigments. The monomeric anthocyanin content, determined by a pH-differential method, was 7/100 g of seedless berries. Pigments were characterised by HPLC coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrophotometer (MS) detectors. Five aglycones and ten anthocyanins were found and identified as petunidin-3-glucoside (24.4%), delphinidin-3-glucoside (24.1%), malvidin-3-glucoside (22.1%), cyanidin-3-glucoside (10.2%), petunidin-3-rutinoside (7.15%), malvidin-3-rutinoside (4.9%), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (3.8%), delphinidin-3-rutinoside (2.6%), peonidin-3-glucoside (1.1%), and peonidin-3-rutinoside (0.9%).     

Flavonoids, sugars and fruit acids of alpine bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina) from Finnish Lapland

Alpine bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina L.) is a special circumpolar edible berry primarily used for household purposes but with greater potential in commercial applications than utilized thus far. In this study, the flavonoids of alpine bearberry were investigated with HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS, and the sugars and fruit acids as trimethylsilyl derivates with GC-FID. The most abundant anthocyanin was cyanidin-3-O-galactoside accounting for over 95% of the anthocyanins. Eight other anthocyanins existed in trace amounts only, the richest of them being cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Cyanidin accounted for over 99% of the anthocyanin aglycones. All the flavonols identified were glycosides of quercetin. Majority of the sugars were glucose and fructose while the most abundant fruit acid was quinic acid. The unique anthocyanin composition of alpine bearberry encourages advanced use of the berry as a food ingredient in private households and in industrial applications. In addition, it serves as a unique reference material for research purposes.