紫娟茶提取物对血管紧张素转换酶、α—淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的体外抑制作用

目的:探究紫娟茶提取物是否具有一定潜在的降血压、降血糖和减肥功效,并分析紫娟茶提取物中茶多酚和花色苷在其中起到的作用。方法:对紫娟茶进行提取,将紫娟茶粗提物(ZTE_1)再分离为花色苷的粗提物(ZTE_2)与茶多酚的粗提物(ZTE_3),将ZTE_2进一步纯化分离出两种纯化花色苷——飞燕草-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-对香豆酸)吡喃半乳糖苷(delphinidin-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)galactopyranoside,AN_3)和矢车菊-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-对香豆酸)吡喃半乳糖苷(cyanidin-3-O-β-D-(6-(E)-p-coumaroyl)galactopyranoside,AN_4);分别评价ZTE_1、ZTE_2、ZTE_3、AN_3和AN_4对血管紧张素转换酶(Angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)、α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶的体外抑制作用,并与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigallocatechin gallate,EGCG)进行比较,评价了AN3和AN4对三种酶的抑制类型。结果:ZTE1、ZTE2、ZTE3、AN3和AN4对三种酶均有一定的抑制作用,粗提取物中,ZTE3对三种酶、ZTE1对α-淀粉酶和胰脂肪酶、ZTE2对α-淀粉酶的抑制超过或相当于EGCG的效果,其中ZTE3对ACE、ZTE2对α-淀粉酶、ZTE1对胰脂肪酶的抑制效果最强;纯化花色苷中,AN3对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果较好,与EGCG无显著性差异,AN3对三种酶的抑制效果均优于AN4;此外,AN3和AN4对三种酶均为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki分别为:0.33、0.37 mmol/L;0.39、0.41 mg/m L;0.22、0.78 mg/m L。结论:紫娟茶对高血压、高血糖和肥胖症有一定的潜在功效。     

基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术定性定量分析黑豆种皮中可溶型和结合型花青素

以超声波辅助有机溶剂提取法获得黑豆种皮可溶型花青素提取物,再进一步对不含可溶型花青素的黑豆种皮残渣使用酸水解和碱水解以及酸碱/碱酸轮提水解,获得黑豆种皮结合型花青素提取物。采用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用仪分析鉴定各黑豆种皮提取物中所含有的共17 种花青素成分,包括11 种花青素糖苷类：飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-3-O-半乳糖苷、矮牵牛花素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛花素-3-O-半乳糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-己糖苷、芍药花素-3-O-己糖苷、天竺葵素-3-O-(6”-丙二酰葡萄糖苷)和芹菜定-3-O-(6”-丙二酰葡萄糖苷);6 种花青素苷元：飞燕草素、矢车菊素、矮牵牛花素、天竺葵素、芹菜定和芍药花素。采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-三重四极杆质谱联用仪精确定量各类黑豆种皮提取物中的花青素含量,结果表明,酸性结合型花青素提取物中结合型花青素的总含量最高。此外,在黑豆种皮的可溶型花青素提取物中,花青素主要以花青素糖苷类形式存在,苷元含量相对极少;而在结合型花青素提取物中,则主要以花青素苷元为主,糖苷类化合物相对少见。     

云南丽江和吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分的分析

采用高效液相色谱法对云南丽江、吉林靖宇11种越橘果实花色苷组分进行测定。通过标准品的分析,建立了飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷的回归方程,相关系数为0.9939~0.9968,精密度RSD为2.00%~3.73%,回收率在98.90%~100.99%,方法准确可行。通过6种标准品的对比,供试的15个样品中,所有越橘品种均有飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷、矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷3种花色苷,飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为223.99 μg/g、锦葵色素-3-半乳糖苷平均含量为153.34 μg/g,二者占总花色苷的65%。采用欧氏距离聚类分析表明,集群1为飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量较高的三种越橘,代表品种为丽江雷戈西、丽江奥尼尔、靖宇杜克;集群2为6种花色苷总含量较高的越橘品种,代表品种为丽江北陆与靖宇早蓝,说明飞燕草素-3-半乳糖苷含量与花色苷总含量是评价越橘花色苷特点的重要因子。     

不同种植地区蓝莓果中花色苷的分布

目的:探究不同种植地区的蓝莓果实中花色苷含量与海拔高度、纬度等环境因素之间的关系。方法:选取不同海拔高度和纬度的10个种植地区“灿烂”品种的兔眼蓝莓果实为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS)定性和定量分析蓝莓果中花色苷的组成成分,比较不同种植地区的蓝莓果中花色苷苷元、糖基组成与含量的差异。结果:从蓝莓果中检测到5类花青素苷元,共13种花色苷,苷元含量组成由高到低为锦葵色素>矢车菊素>飞燕草素>矮牵牛素>芍药素;糖基组成由高到低为半乳糖苷>阿拉伯糖苷>葡萄糖苷,其中从芍药素中仅检测到半乳糖苷。蓝莓果中锦葵色素-3-O-半乳糖苷和矢车菊素-3-O-半乳糖苷的含量最高,而飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和矮牵牛素-3-O-葡萄糖苷含量低,在部分地区的蓝莓果中缺失或未检测到。不同种植地区蓝莓果中花色苷组成虽基本一致但含量存在差异。云南龙朋代表的低纬度、高海拔地区种植的蓝莓果中花色苷总含量最高,高纬度、低海拔地区的浙江草塔的蓝莓果中花色苷总含量最低。结论:不同种植地区的地理环境影响蓝莓果中花色苷的分布,高海拔地区的环境条件更利于蓝莓果实中花色苷的合成和积累。     

萝卜花色苷的结构研究

红皮白心萝卜的色素提取物经大孔树脂XAD-7HP和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20纯化后,结合半制备色谱制备花色苷单体,最后通过LC-MSn和NMR技术手段对萝卜花色苷单体的结构进行分析。通过LC-MSn鉴定出萝卜皮中主要存在四种主要的花色苷,都是以天竺葵色素为苷元,带一个单糖和一个二糖的花色苷衍生物,即以天竺葵-3-槐糖苷-5-葡糖苷为基本结构,带有一个或是两个酰基化的基团,如丙二酸、阿魏酸或香豆酸。经由1H NMR方法,其中三种花色苷的具体结构鉴定为:3-[6-(对香豆酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-D-吡喃葡糖苷天竺葵素、3-[6-(阿魏酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-D-吡喃葡糖苷天竺葵素、3-[6-(对香豆酰)-L-葡萄苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5-[(6-丙二酰)-D-吡喃葡糖苷]天竺葵素。通过质谱信息和文献报道,第四种花色苷的结构应为3-[6-(阿魏酰)-L-葡糖苷(2→1)-葡糖苷]-5[-(6-丙二酰)-D-吡喃葡糖苷]天竺葵素。     

采用HPLC-DAD-ESIMS技术鉴定紫山药中的花色苷成分

采用大孔树酯对浙江台州黄岩紫山药中的花色苷进行分离,并用高压液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-质谱检测技术对其中的主要花色苷进行结构鉴定。通过差异pH法分析紫山药中花色苷的含量为28.8mg/kg。紫山药中4种主要的花色苷可能是:矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷或半乳糖苷的双咖啡酸酰化物,矢车菊素-3-二糖苷的芥子酸酰化物,矢车菊素-3-二糖苷阿魏酸的酰化物,芍药色素-3-二糖苷的芥子酸酰化物。     

乙烯利处理‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实对其葡萄酒中酚类物质组分的影响

为探索外源乙烯利处理葡萄果实对葡萄酒酚类物质组分的影响,本研究以欧亚种酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’为试材,在转色期对葡萄果实喷施400 mg/L乙烯利（含1 mL/L Tween-80）（处理组）或1 mL/L Tween-80（对照组）,采收期采收并进行小容器发酵后,利用高效液相色谱离子阱-质谱联用对葡萄酒酚类物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,外源乙烯利处理可有效提高葡萄酒的饱和度（C值）及红黄色色调（a值和b值）,提高葡萄酒中以二甲花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷和二甲花翠素-3-O-(6-O-乙酰化)葡萄糖苷为主的大部分单体花色苷和总花色苷质量浓度,同时以表儿茶素和没食子酸为主的大部分单体非花色苷酚和非花色苷酚的总质量浓度也显著提高,而葡萄酒中的花青素-3-O-(6-O-乙酰化)葡萄糖苷、花青素-3-O-(6-O-反式香豆酰化)葡萄糖苷和水杨酸质量浓度不受乙烯利处理的影响。偏最小二乘法判别分析结果表明,对照组和处理组的葡萄酒中酚类物质组分差异较大,花色苷酚中的二甲花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、二甲花翠素-3-O-(6-O-乙酰化)葡萄糖苷、甲基花翠素-3-O-(6-O-乙酰化)葡萄糖苷和羟基苯甲酸中的没食子酸是其主要的差异性酚类物质组分,且对乙烯利处理的葡萄酒贡献较大。乙烯利处理能够提高葡萄酒中3’5’/3’-羟基取代花色苷、甲基化/未甲基化花色苷、吡喃/非吡喃花色苷的比例,同时降低3’5’/3’-羟基取代黄烷醇和3’5’/3’-羟基取代黄酮醇的比例。综上,田间应用乙烯利处理葡萄果实有助于葡萄酒中酚类物质的积累,可应用于酿酒葡萄的栽培生产中。     

龙葵果花色苷的分离与鉴定

采用硅胶柱层析技术分离制备龙葵果花色苷。分离得到的2 个花色苷馏分经紫外-可见光谱、高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱（high performance liquid chromatography electrosprary ionization-mass spectrometry,HPLC-DADESI-MS/MS）进行结构鉴定,并结合酸水解分析糖苷种类。最终确定馏分Ⅰ为飞燕草素-3-琥珀酰阿拉伯糖苷,根据峰面积归一化法计算其纯度为94%;馏分Ⅱ为矢车菊素-3-半乳糖苷和矢车菊素-3-乙酰半乳糖苷,峰面积归一化法计算其纯度分别为45.67%和13.97%。     

金盏银盘化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的 研究金盏银盘的化学成分.方法 采用乙醇提取,不同溶剂提取,硅胶柱、聚酰胺柱色谱分离纯化,波谱分析鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从金盏银盘中得到单体9个,用化学和现代波谱技术鉴定了6个,分别为: (Z)-6-D-B-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6,7,3 ’,4’-四羟基橙酮,即海生菊苷(maritimetin)Ⅰ,槲皮素(quercetin)Ⅱ,6-O-(6”-丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)-6,7,3 ’,4’-四羟基橙酮(Z-6-O-(6”-propionyl-ββ-D-glucopyranosyl)-6,7,3 ’,4’-tetrahydroxy-auron)Ⅲ,4-O-(2”-O-乙酰基-6”-O-对香豆酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖)-对香豆酸(4-O-(2”-O-acetyl-6”-O-p-coumaroyl-β- D-glucopyranosyl )-p-coumaric acid)Ⅳ,三十烷酸(triacontanoic acid)Ⅴ,豆甾醇(stigmasterol)Ⅵ.结论 化合物Ⅲ,Ⅴ为首次从本属植物中得到,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,Ⅵ为首次从本植物中得到.     

采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析黑粒小麦麸皮中的花色苷组成

以黒粒小麦麸皮为原料,应用高效液相色谱配以串联质谱和二极管阵列检测技术对黒粒小麦中麸皮中的花色苷的组成进行了分析。结果显示:从黒粒小麦麸皮中分离鉴定出9种不同的花色苷类化合物———矢车菊素-己糖苷、矢车菊素-芦丁苷、芍药素-己糖苷、矢车菊素-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素-己糖苷、飞燕草色素-芦丁苷、锦葵色素-芦丁苷、芍药素-芦丁苷及牵牛花素-芦丁苷,其中飞燕草类花色苷和矢车菊素类花色苷是主要花色苷,分别占全部花色苷含量的50.27%和30.04%。     

Chemical analysis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich red leaf tea (cv. Sunrouge)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf order or crop season on anthocyanins and other chemicals in the anthocyanin‐rich tea cultivar ‘Sunrouge’ (Camellia sinensis x C. taliensis) by using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and to study the effect of ‘Sunrouge’ extract on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells. RESULTS: The total anthocyanin content was higher in the third (3.09 mg g^?1) than in the second (2.24 mg g^?1) or first crop season (1.79 mg g^?1). The amount of anthocyanins contained in the stem was high (1.61 mg g^?1). In the third crop season, the concentrations of delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐(6‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside (DCGa), cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐(6‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐galactopyranoside, delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐(6‐O‐(Z)‐p‐coumaroyl)galactopyranoside, cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐galactoside, and delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucoside were 1.57 mg g^?1, 0.52 mg g^?1, 0.40 mg g^?1, 0.22 mg g^?1, 0.14 mg g^?1, and 0.11 mg g^?1, respectively. DCGa accounted for about 50% of the anthocyanins present. The suppressive effect of ‘Sunrouge’ water extract on AChE activity in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells was the strongest among the three tea cultivars (‘Sunrouge’, ‘Yabukita’ and ‘Benifuuki’). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that ‘Sunrouge’ might protect humans from humans from AChE‐related diseases by suppressing AChE activity. To obtain sufficient amounts of anthocyanins, catechins and/or caffeine for a functional food material, ‘Sunrouge’ from the third crop season should be used. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Anthocyanins of Crowberry, Empetrum nigrum coll.

Anthocyanins of northern crowberry (Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum (Hagerup) Böcker) were extracted from the berry with acidified ethanol and purified with solvent extractions and ion exchange chromatography. Separation of anthocyanins and analysis of aglycones were carried out with HPLC. Glycosidic units were analyzed with GLC-MS. Twelve nonacylated monosides were found: glucoside, galactoside and arabinoside of delphinidin and petunidin, and galactoside and arabinoside of cyanidin, peonidin and malvidin. Three main anthocyanins were galactosides of cyanidin, dolphinidin and malvidin which formed about 60% of total anthocyanins.     

高效液相色谱法与pH示差法测定紫荚豌豆花青素含量的比较

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(High performance liquid chromatography,HLPC)测定不同豌豆品种的花青素单体及含量,并与pH示差法测定结果进行了比较,旨在研究紫英豌豆花青素定量分析方法的差异及其花青素的种类及功能.方法:紫荚豌豆以乙醇和盐酸作为萃取剂,采用安捷伦1260高效液相色谱仪进...     

Anthocyanins in fruits of Prunus padus (bird cherry)

Bird cherry (Prunus padus) anthocyanins were extracted with acidified methanol, fractionated by column chromatography on Toyopearl HW40(S) and purified in a C‐18 Sep‐Pak cartridge. The pigment composition was very simple, as there were only two compounds. The anthocyanins cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside (60%) and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (40%) were determined using chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

中压快速分离系统大量制备高纯度桑葚和树莓花色苷的工艺研究

为快速获得大量不同结构花色苷,本文以富含花色苷的桑葚和树莓为原料,通过大孔吸附树脂AB-8对两种花色苷粗提物初步分离后,利用中压快速分离系统分离得到高纯度的桑葚及树莓花色苷。制备条件为:以flash C₁₈(80 g,20~35 μm,100 A)为制备柱,两支串联,采用A相2%甲酸水,B相甲醇,流速30 mL/min,梯度洗脱程序:0~2 min,20% B;2~22 min,20%~30% B;22~32 min,30%~40% B,进样量300 mg,实现了3种不同结构花色苷的分离及纯化,桑葚中的矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷产品纯度分别达到了95%和41%;树莓中的矢车菊素-3-槐糖苷和矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷产品纯度分别达到了60%和75%。其中桑葚中的矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷在32 min梯度程序内一次性可获得30 mg,且纯度为95%,可达到标准品的要求。     

基于LC-MS/MS分析‘塔罗科’血橙优系果实花青素组分特征

以‘塔罗科’血橙优系为研究对象，运用液相色谱-串联质谱技术检测其与对照品种‘塔罗科’血橙果实花青素的组分及相对含量，筛选优系差异花青素代谢物。结果表明，‘塔罗科’血橙优系果实中共鉴定出矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药花素、天竺葵素、矮牵牛素、锦葵素以及花青素合成前体物质黄酮7 类33 种花青素相关代谢物，其内膛和外围果实花青素代谢物数量和种类一致，无差异代谢物；而对照品种内膛和外围果实分别检测出27 种和30 种花青素代谢物，其中内外差异代谢物达9 种，分属矢车菊素、飞燕草素、芍药花色素和黄酮4 类物质。‘塔罗科’血橙优系和对照品种花青素主要成分均为矢车菊素-3-O-丙二酰葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷，两者在优系内膛和外围果实中分别约占总花青素含量的42.3%、41.0%和40.6%、41.4%，在对照品种内膛和外围果实中分别约占39.5%、41.0%和36.8%、40.6%。相比对照，‘塔罗科’血橙优系果实中矢车菊素类物质绝对含量和总花青素占比均显著提高，其内膛和外围果实矢车菊素类花青素总量分别为48.68 μg/g（91.90%）和62.16 μg/g（92.28%），此外，飞燕草素、芍药花素以及黄酮3 类代谢物占各自花青素总量的百分比也相近，推测‘塔罗科’血橙优系果实花青素合成可能受温度的影响较小。研究发现‘塔罗科’血橙优系较对照品种花青素含量高且代谢物种类多，综合品质优良，可为血橙品种遗传改良及利用提供一定的理论依据。     

The distribution of anthocyanins in grape skin extracts of port wine cultivars as determined by high performance liquid chromatography

The distribution of anthocyanins in methanolic skin extracts of 16 grape cultivars used for port wine production and grown at five sites in the Douro Valley in Northern Portugal has been assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results are confined to the seven most readily separated and identified anthocyanins and are expressed as percentages of their total (88–99% of the total integrated area). Anthocyanins based on malvidin (Mv) predominated. Of these, Mv 3-glucoside was the major pigment (33–60%), being exceeded by Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside (2–51%) in only two cultivars; Mv 3-acetylglucoside (1–15%) was consistently the lowest. Peonidin 3-glucoside (1–27%) was prominent in four cultivars, but delphinidin 3-glucoside (1–11%), petunidin 3-glucoside (2–11%) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (trace-6%) were of low proportions throughout. The ratio Mv 3-acetylglucoside/total Mv glucosides appeared characteristic of cultivar, independent of site, and a useful aid to identification of grape cultivars. The coloured pulp of some cultivars contained peonidin 3-glucoside as a major component, present in greater proportions than in the skin; the percentage of Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside was lower in pulp than in skin. The identities of six of the seven anthocyanins were confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and the structures of the Mv derivatives were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of formyl and acetyl anthocyanin artefacts is described.     

The distribution and content of anthocyanins in young port wines as determined by high performance liquid chromatography

The distribution and content of anthocyanins in young port wines made in three successive years (1981–1983) from up to sixteen grape cultivars grown at five different sites in the Douro Valley in Northern Portugal has been assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Distributions are confined to the seven most readily separated and identified anthocyanins and expressed as percentages of their sum (78–97% of the total integrated area). Anthocyanins based on malvidin (Mv) predominated (57–94%). Of these Mv 3-glucoside was the major pigment (43-76%), followed usually by Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside (1–38%) and then Mv 3-acetylglucoside (2–18%). Peonidin 3-glucoside (2–39%) was prominent in a few cultivars but delphinidin 3-glucoside (1–13%), petunidin 3-glucoside (2–12%) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (trac-4%) were of low proportions throughout. The ratio Mv 3-acetylglucoside/total Mv glucosides appeared characteristic of cultivar, independent of site and a useful aid to identification. The percentages of Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside were usually lower in ports than in grape skin extracts of the same cultivars. The contents of total anthocyanins in the ports ranged from 143–1080 mg 1^?1 (expressed as malvidin 3-glucoside chloride) and varied according to site and season.     

Condensed proanthocyanidins of fababeans

Condensed proanthocyanidins were extracted from fababean hulls with water. The aqueous extract, after deproteinisation by freezing, thawing and acetone precipitation, was purified by chromatography using Sephadex LH20 gel and 95% ethanol developing solvent. Gradient chromatography of the purified condensed proanthocyanidins using 95% ethanol-(50% v/v)acetone-water with a Sephadex LH20 column yielded two peaks when the column effluent was monitored at 400 nm. Chromatographic behaviour before and after oxygen treatment indicated certain structural differences between fractions collected under the major peak. There were also considerable differences between the chromatographic properties of material collected from under the major peak and under the minor peak. Solvolysis experiments on the various fractions yielded differences in delphinidin: cyanidin and delphinidin: phlobaphene ratios. There were also differences in ‘tannin’ contents (determined by acidified vanillin methods) and all these differences confirmed that there were structural dissimilarities between the fractions. Tannin determinations made on the hulls of seven different cultivars of fababeans indicated condensed proanthocyanidin levels between 0–6%.