花色苷对慢性疾病营养干预分子机制的研究进展

花色苷是一种天然食用功能色素。本文从花色苷的结构特点、生理活性及作用机理等方面,综述了花色苷对慢性疾病的作用途径及分子机制,并对花色苷对心血管疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病等慢性疾病具有的营养干预作用进行了讨论,为花色苷预防疾病和营养干预机制的深入研究提供参考。     

矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷对骨骼肌细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶活性的影响

富含矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-g)的花色苷提取物可抑制肥胖,但其作用机制不明。骨骼肌细胞脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)活性与肥胖相关,LPL使骨骼肌中的β-脂肪酸氧化增强,从而加速清除体内循环的甘油三酯(TG),抑制TG流向脂肪组织积聚而导致肥胖。本实验建立稳定的骨骼肌细胞分离培养方法,通过花色苷Cy-3-g干预骨骼肌细胞,研究Cy-3-g对细胞LPL活性的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：Cy-3-g通过激活一磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)上调骨骼肌细胞LPL活性,提示Cy-3-g具有潜在的调节机体脂代谢作用,与含Cy-3-g的花色苷提取物的肥胖抑制作用密切相关。     

花色苷对视网膜的保护作用及其机制研究进展

智能手机、平板电脑等电子设备的广泛使用导致过量光暴露,这会造成视网膜光氧化损伤,引发不容忽视的公共健康问题。花色苷为可食用植物色素,广泛分布于深色的蔬菜、浆果和谷物中,人们通过混合膳食每天可以摄入数十毫克的花色苷。研究表明,不同来源花色苷对视网膜中多种细胞具有保护功效,摄入花色苷有助于维持视觉健康,但具体作用机制尚不明确。本文以花色苷的吸收代谢、视网膜光氧化损伤机理及花色苷在视网膜保护机制方面的研究现状进行综述,聚焦花色苷抑制视网膜中类视色素二聚体光氧化和光裂解、减轻脂质过氧化产物损伤、激活抗氧化通路、降低炎症反应、缓解内质网应激、抑制细胞凋亡等保护机制,系统阐述花色苷保护视网膜细胞的关键作用靶点,以期为花色苷类功能因子保护视觉健康提供参考依据。     

花色苷的抗肿瘤效应研究进展

花色苷是一类分布广泛的植物色素,属于类黄酮化合物。近年来经研究证实其具有抗氧化、促使细胞凋亡、抗DNA断裂等生物活性,通过动物实验及流行病学研究认为,其对肿瘤、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化等疾病具有防治作用,本文就花色苷对肿瘤疾病的作用及部分机制进行综述。     

稠李花色苷酶法制备及对H2O2诱导大鼠胰岛素瘤细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：探究纤维素酶酶法制备稠李花色苷的最佳条件,并研究制备的稠李花色苷对H2O2诱导的大鼠胰岛素瘤（Ins-1）细胞损伤的保护作用。方法：通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化得到酶法制备稠李花色苷的最佳条件;稠李花色苷处理大鼠Ins-1细胞,进行形态学观察、3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]细胞活力实验、2’,7’-二氢二氯荧光素二乙酸酯（2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate,DCFH-DA）荧光探针法检测细胞内活性氧实验研究稠李花色苷对H2O2诱导损伤的Ins-1细胞保护作用。结果：纤维素酶法提取稠李花色苷的最佳条件为：温度60 ℃、纤维素酶添加量9 mg/g、料液比1∶35（g/mL）、pH 3.5,此条件下稠李花色苷得率为（0.956±0.027） mg/g;形态学观察及MTT细胞活力实验显示,稠李花色苷对H2O2诱导损伤的Ins-1细胞具有较强的保护作用,DCFH-DA法检测细胞内活性氧实验说明,稠李花色苷能够显著地清除Ins-1细胞内的活性氧。结论：纤维素酶法制备稠李花色苷是一种有效的方法,制备的稠李花色苷对H2O2诱导的大鼠Ins-1细胞损伤具有较强的保护作用。     

黑果枸杞花色苷的肥胖干预作用研究进展

肥胖是目前受到世界广泛关注的慢性病之一,是心脑血管疾病及癌症等多种疾病的危险因素,成为目前威胁人类社会最主要的健康问题。现有减肥药物或方法大都存在毒副作用大、易反弹等缺点。因此,寻求安全、有效的干预肥胖的药物或方法具有极其重要的意义。花色苷等天然植物提取物具有有效干预肥胖的作用,且副作用小,相关研究与开发逐渐成为一个热点。黑果枸杞是近年来新发掘的食用植物资源之一,具有降血脂、抗氧化、抗突变、抗癌、抗炎、提高机体免疫力等多种生物学活性。黑果枸杞主要发挥机体营养健康作用的成分是有别于常见果蔬中的花色苷类物质,其花色苷结构同时具有矮牵牛素母核、芳香酸酰化等特征,且总花色苷含量远超于其他有色果实。通过总结国内外相关文献,综述黑果枸杞花色苷的肥胖干预作用研究进展,为黑果枸杞开发利用提供理论参考。     

矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷干预丙烯酰胺细胞毒性的体外模型筛选

丙烯酰胺是食品热加工过程中形成的一种内源性化学污染物,能引起细胞毒性。矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷作为一种果蔬中广泛存在的花色苷,具有显著的抗氧化活性。目前应用花色苷进行AA细胞毒性的干预尚无系统性研究。为了筛选适用于AA细胞毒性干预的细胞模型,对体外培养的Hep G2、L02、Caco-2、BHK-21及MDA-MB-231等细胞,通过不同浓度AA和Cy-3-glu培养,采用结晶紫染色法测定不同时间的细胞存活率,最终确定AA最适的作用时间为24 h,适宜作用浓度分别为2.5 mmol/L和5.0 mmol/L;Cy-3-glu的最适预处理时间为4 h。筛选出适合Cy-3-glu干预的AA诱导的细胞模型为MDA-MB-231细胞。通过Cy-3-glu抑制细胞内活性氧生成和谷胱甘肽的降低并验证,10~100μmol/L Cy-3-glu预处理表现出显著的AA毒性的保护作用,为毒性干预研究提供模型基础。     

蓝莓花色苷提取物干预人肝癌细胞对葡萄糖消耗的作用研究

探究蓝莓花色苷提取物对胰岛素抵抗的人肝癌细胞HepG2细胞对葡萄糖消耗的干预作用。利用MTT实验筛选得到3个品种蓝莓花色苷提取物的最适作用浓度;筛选胰岛素和葡萄糖诱导HepG2细胞产生胰岛素抵抗的最佳浓度;以MTT矫正细胞数量,用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测细胞培养基中葡萄糖的变化来研究蓝莓花色苷提取物的对细胞胰岛素抵抗的干预作用。北陆花色苷提取物在低于200μg/m L的浓度时,灿烂和园蓝花色苷提取物在低于100μg/m L的浓度时,对HepG2细胞活力无明显影响;以诱导剂胰岛素的浓度为1×10-8mol/L,孵育24h作为诱导条件,其模型效果较佳、对细胞活力改变小且稳定性好;3个品种的蓝莓花色苷提取物在7.8125～31.25μg/m L浓度时,可不同程度促进正常HepG2细胞和胰岛素抵抗的HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的消耗量,且与剂量成正比关系,在31.25μg/m L达到促进最大值,与模型组比较均有极显著差异,糖消耗量分别增加了60%、65%和88%。三个品种的蓝莓花色苷提取物均能较好的预防和改善胰岛素抵抗HepG2细胞对葡萄糖的利用。     

黑豆皮花色苷体外抗细胞脂质过氧化作用研究

目的:研究黑豆皮花色苷体外抗细胞脂质过氧化作用。方法:通过乙醇浸提及大孔树脂纯化制备黑豆皮花色苷,测定红细胞溶血抑制能力、肝匀浆脂质过氧化程度、肝线粒体肿胀度及羟基自由基清除能力,考察黑豆皮花色苷体外抑制细胞脂质过氧化活性。结果:在实验浓度范围内,黑豆皮花色苷能够保护红细胞溶血、抗肝匀浆脂质过氧化、抑制线粒体肿胀及清除羟基自由基,且均呈明显量效关系。结论:黑豆皮花色苷在小鼠细胞体外实验中表现出较强的抗脂质过氧化能力,具有潜在的抗氧化保健功能。     

紫甘蓝花色苷组成及抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒活性分析

为在体外探寻紫甘蓝花色苷(Anthocyanins from Purple Cabbage,APC)抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine,TGEV)的活性效果。本研究以APC粉为原料,采用高效液相色谱仪与质谱仪联机的方法鉴定其花色苷成分后,在体外将APC作用于感染TGEV的猪睾丸细胞系(swine testicle,ST)单层表面,通过研究APC对TGEV诱导ST细胞的形态学变化和细胞存活情况,评价APC是否具有抗TGEV的活性作用。结果表明:紫甘蓝花色苷粉中至少含13种花色苷成分,其中主要为矢车菊色素的糖苷;APC对细胞无毒性的最大安全质量浓度为100μg/m L;APC在安全浓度范围内能够显著抑制TGEV诱导的ST细胞形态变化,降低凋亡。因此,紫甘蓝花色苷具有抗TGEV的生物活性作用。     

Cancer cell antiproliferation activity and metabolism of black carrot anthocyanins

The antiproliferation activity of a black carrot anthocyanin-rich extract (BC-ARE) on human cancer cells (HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma and HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia) and metabolism of its characteristic anthocyanins (acylated and nonacylated forms) in humans were investigated. Cancer cells were exposed for 24 h to 0.0–2.0 mg/mL of BC-ARE. Anthocyanin-rich extract inhibited proliferation of both types of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. After ingestion of a black carrot concentrate, three acylated and two nonacylated anthocyanins were excreted in the volunteers (n = 4) urine (0.048% of the administered dose). The anthocyanins were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Urine recovery of nonacylated anthocyanins was 8-fold higher than that of acylated anthocyanins.Industrial relevanceNatural pigments have achieved commercial significance as food colorants due to the fact that consumers perceive them as safe additives. At present extracts rich in acylated anthocyanins, which are known for their outstanding stability, serve as a major source of natural food colours for the food colorant industry with purple sweetpotato, red cabbage and black carrot being the major sources. Beside aesthetic values, anthocyanins possess enhanced physiological activity due to their potent antioxidant properties and enhance the health-promoting qualities of foods. Our findings on cancer cell antiproliferation activity of an anthocyanin-rich black carrot extract as well as information about the bioavailability of black carrot anthocyanins could lead to an increased application of these natural food colorants by the food industry.     

Health Benefits of Anthocyanins and Their Encapsulation for Potential Use in Food Systems: A Review

Anthocyanins are one of the six subgroups of large and widespread group of plant constituents known as flavonoids. These are responsible for the bright and attractive orange, red, purple, and blue colors of most fruits, vegetables, flowers and some cereal grains. More than 600 structurally distinct anthocyanins have been identified in nature. Earlier, anthocyanins were only known for their coloring properties but now interest in anthocyanin pigments has intensified because of their possible health benefits as dietary antioxidants, which help to prevent neuronal diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and many such others diseases. Ability of anthocyanins to counter oxidants makes them atherosclerosis fighters. Therefore, anthocyanin-rich foods may help to boost overall health by offering an array of nutrients. However, the incorporation of anthocyanins into food and medical products is a challenging task due to their low stability toward environmental conditions during processing and storage. Encapsulation seems to be an efficient way to introduce such compounds into these products. Encapsulating agents act as a protector coat against ambient adverse conditions such as light, humidity, and oxygen. Encapsulated bioactive compounds are easier to handle and offer improved stability. The main objective of this review is to explore health benefits of anthocyanins and their extraction, characterization, encapsulation, and delivery.     

Bilberry and blueberry anthocyanins act as powerful intracellular antioxidants in mammalian cells

Berry anthocyanins have pronounced health effects, even though they have a low bioavailability. The common mechanism underlying health protection is believed to relate to antioxidant activity. Berry extracts, chemically characterised for their phenolic content, were prepared from bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); the bilberry extract was further purified to obtain the anthocyanin fraction. The antioxidant activity of each extract was examined at the cellular level. For this purpose a specific assay, known as cellular antioxidant activity assay (CAA), was implemented in different cell lines: human colon cancer (Caco-2), human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), human endothelial (EA.hy926) and rat vascular smooth muscle (A7r5). Here we show for the first time that anthocyanins had intracellular antioxidant activity if applied at very low concentrations (<1 μg/l; nM range), thereby providing a long-sought rationale for their health protecting effects in spite of their unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties.     

Blueberries and Their Anthocyanins: Factors Affecting Biosynthesis and Properties

Abstract: Blueberry is one of the most popular fruits in North America and rich in anthocyanins. Its content in anthocyanins contributes to the health‐beneficial effects of blueberry against several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. This paper summarizes various facts presenting blueberry as a fruit with huge potential for increased future consumption as a health‐enhancing food. Factors affecting the biosynthesis of the various anthocyanins in blueberries, including agronomic and genetic factors, and the possible pathways of biosynthesis of the major anthocyanins present in this plant are discussed. The important health‐beneficial effects associated with blueberry anthocyanins, properties of these anthocyanins leading to the beneficial effects, and food processing parameters leading to the depletion of the amounts of anthocyanins present in the final processed products are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, the general methods of extraction and analyses that have been reported for being successfully applied to blueberry anthocyanins are also reviewed. Practical Application: Blueberries are well known for their nutritional and beneficial health effects, however, information concerning the physiology behind the blueberry beneficial effects is still lacking. There is little or no information on the characterization of growing conditions on anthocyanins in blueberries and research is lagging behind on advanced methods of extracting blueberry anthocyanins.     

Recent advances in understanding the anti-obesity activity of anthocyanins and their biosynthesis in microorganisms

BackgroundObesity is a serious health problem and the cause for social and economic burdens. Currently, there is still no cure for obesity, while the investment of time and money for one is huge. Recent years, the possibility of developing natural products from fruits and vegetables with bioactivities into anti-disease agents has become a hot spot in research. Thus, anthocyanins are increasingly causing more attention, as they have been proved to show anti-obesity effects. Furthermore, recent advances in biosynthesis of anthocyanins in microorganisms have illustrated a promising way in producing these valuable compounds in large scales.Scope and approachAnthocyanins have great importance in developing a cure for obesity and biosynthesis in microorganisms has high potential in their massive production. This review therefore highlights the recent advances in the anti-obesity effects of anthocyanins and their biosynthesis in microorganisms. We have comprehensively discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-obesity effects of anthocyanins, the physicochemical and physiological properties of anthocyanins, the suitability of anthocyanins in anti-obesity therapies as well as the possibility of biosynthesis in microorganisms in future application.Key findings and conclusionsAnthocyanins have shown anti-obesity effects through multiple mechanisms, and biosynthesis of anthocyanins in microorganisms could have extensive applications. Inhibiting lipid absorption, regulating lipid metabolism, increasing energy expenditure, suppressing food intake and regulating gut microbiota are major mechanisms involved. Moreover, anthocyanins are promising candidates in developing anti-obesity therapies. Further studies are required to explore therapeutic uses of anthocyanins in treating obesity and application of biosynthesis of anthocyanins in microorganisms in industries.     

紫甘薯花色苷通过调控KTN1-AS1表达对肺癌细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨紫甘薯花色苷对肺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及作用机制.方法 体外培养肺癌A549细胞,分为对照组、紫甘薯花色苷不同剂量(200,400,800μg/ml)组、si-NC组、si-KTN1-AS1组、紫甘薯花色苷800μg/ml+pcDNA组、紫甘薯花色苷800μg/ml+pcDNA-KTN1-AS1组,细胞计数试...     

花色苷递送系统研究进展

花色苷作为植物中常见的功能色素物质,具有广泛的生理功能。然而,花色苷在加工和贮存过程中稳定性较差,容易发生降解。许多研究报道递送系统可应用于提高花色苷稳定性,进而提高其在体内的生物利用度。本文介绍了花色苷在人体内消化吸收的过程,并综述了目前用于提高花色苷肠道稳定性的几种递送系统,包括蛋白质递送系统、多糖递送系统、脂质体递送系统、复乳体系递送系统以及复合递送系统,以期为功能因子在食物中的进一步开发和利用提供理论依据。     

Uptake of grape anthocyanins into the rat kidney and the involvement of bilitranslocase

Anthocyanins are among the most common flavonoids in the human diet. In spite of their very low bioavailability, anthocyanins are indicated as active in preventing the progress of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. Any piece of knowledge concerning absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of dietary anthocyanins is expected to help understanding the apparent paradox between their low concentrations in cells and their bioactivity. The aim of this work was to investigate the renal uptake of dietary anthocyanins and the underlying molecular mechanism. A solution containing anthocyanins extracted from grape (Vitis vinifera) was introduced into the isolated stomach of anesthetized rats; after both 10 and 30 min, plasma, liver, and kidney were analyzed for their anthocyanin contents. While anthocyanins in the liver were at apparent equilibrium with plasma both after 10 and 30 min, kidney anthocyanins were 3- and 2.3-fold higher than in plasma, after 10 and 30 min, respectively. Since the transport activity of the bilitranslocase in kidney basolateral membrane vesicles was competitively inhibited by malvidin 3-glucoside (K(i) = 4.8 +/- 0.2 microM), the anthocyanin uptake from blood into kidney tubular cells is likely to be mediated by the kidney isoform of this organic anion membrane transporter.     

Acylated anthocyanins: A review on their bioavailability and effects on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism and inflammation

Anthocyanins, the natural red and purple colorants of berries, fruits, vegetables, and tubers, improve carbohydrate metabolism and decrease the risk factors of metabolic disorders, but their industrial use is limited by their chemical instability. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins, however, changes the chemical properties of anthocyanins and provides enhanced stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins are more usable as natural colorants and bioactive components of innovative functional foods. Acylated anthocyanins are common in pigmented vegetables and tubers, the consumption of which has the potential to increase the intake of health-promoting anthocyanins as part of the daily diet. For the first time, this review presents the current findings on bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, and health effects of acylated anthocyanins with comparison to more extensively investigated nonacylated anthocyanins. The structural differences between nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins lead to enhanced color stability, altered absorption, bioavailability, in vivo stability, and colonic degradation. The impact of phenolic metabolites and their potential health effects regardless of the low bioavailability of the parent anthocyanins as such is discussed. Here, purple-fleshed potatoes are presented as a globally available, eco-friendly model food rich in acylated anthocyanins, which further highlights the industrial possibilities and nutritional relevance of acylated anthocyanins. This work supports the academic community and industry in food research and development by reviewing the current literature and highlighting gaps of knowledge.