移动通信系统中宽带功放线性化设计与仿真

自适应数字预失真技术能够解决宽带高峰均比信号经过功放产生的非线性失真问题.主要介绍了自适应数字预失真的结构、预失真器的数学模型及相关的自适应算法.仿真结果表明采用自适应数字预失真技术能够显著地改善功放输出信号的带外频谱失真,是一种有效、灵活的技术.     

功放数字预失真技术现状及未来发展

功放是无线通信发射机的重要组成部分,随着无线通信的不断发展,对宽带线性功放的要求也越来越高。然而,功放的非线性特性和记忆效应会导致信号严重失真。为了减小带内失真和邻道干扰,数字预失真成为功放线性化技术中最有发展潜力的技术。介绍了功放模型,数字预失真的学习结构、数字预失真器参数的辨识算法等研究现状,探讨了数字预失真的发展趋势,为今后数字预失真技术的研究提供参考。     

基于改进型径向基函数神经网络的功放线性化

提出了一种基于改进型径向基函数神经网络(MRBFNN)的数字预失真线性化模型,用于更为精确地矫正宽带射频功率放大器的动态非线性。该神经网络模型的输入层使用传统的延时抽头以补偿功放的线性记忆效应,同时对每个抽头进行级数展开用于补偿功放的非线性记忆效应,从而更好地抑制功放的动态非线性失真。文中使用WCDMA 三载波信号对一个460MHz 的Doherty 功率放大器进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,与传统数字预失真线性化模型相比,基于改进型径向基神经网络的数字预失真线性化模型能更好地抑制宽带功放动态非线性引起的带外频谱再生,其三阶互调(IMD3)失真最多可以抑制23dB,大大提高了功放的线性度,验证了所提出的数字预失真线性化模型的有效性。     

基于幂级数多项式的基带预失真技术分析

为了减小功放的非线性,使系统实现线性输出,介绍了一种基于幂级数多项式的数字基带预失真技术,并论述了其基本原理和系统结构,最后从邻信道功率比(Adjacent Channel Power Ratio)、星座图、功放的幅度-幅度特性(AM-AM)三个方面进行了仿真,结果表明该预失真技术较传统的查询表预失真技术,不仅能节省大量的存储空间,而且能更好地纠正功放的非线性,预失真性能更优。     

一种峰值功率控制的带限数字预失真算法

针对宽带无线通信系统中数字预失真技术反馈回路存在模数转换器ADC的采样速率高、预失真后信号峰均比(PAPR)增大的问题,提出一种结合峰值功率控制的带限数字预失真算法。通过设置阈值门限,对预失真后的信号幅度进行控制以减小其PAPR;运用带通滤波器限制ADC采样带宽并通过频谱外推方法完成对带限输出信号的完整估计,实现ADC采样速率的降低。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能降低系统采样速率,而且能有效提升功放的线性度,相对于传统预失真技术,功放输出信号的邻道功率比改善约5dB。     

射频功放数字预失真技术探讨

射频功放是线性技术中的一项研究项目,关系到射频功率放大器的应用效果。射频功放中的核心是数字预失真技术,深入研究数字预失真技术,保障其在射频功放中的应用效果,最主要的是满足射频功率放大器的需求,体现数字预失真技术的优势,因此,本文通过对数字预失真技术进行研究,分析其在射频功放中的应用。     

一种用于TETRA系统的数字子带滤波预失真器

本文提出一种适用于TETRA数字集群系统的基于子带滤波技术的数字自适应预失真器。数字子带滤波预失真器将发射信号分为若干子带进行功放线性化处理,降低了预失真过程中运算速率的要求,增加自适应收敛速度。子带滤波技术同时解决了功放宽带化所带来的记忆性问题,扩展了数字预失真器的工作带宽。TETRA多载波发射信号的仿真结果说明,数字子带滤波预失真器对无记忆功放和有记忆功放均具有良好的线性化效果,明显扩大了功放的线性工作范围。      

基于增强型LSTM神经网络的5G射频功放线性化

本文提出了一种基于增强型LSTM神经网络(A-LSTM)的数字预失真线性化模型,以更好的补偿5G宽带射频功放的动态非线性特性。模型的输入层在引入延迟抽头模拟功放线性记忆效应的基础上,对每一个延迟抽头进行非线性级数展开用于补偿功放的非线性记忆效应,从而更好地抑制功放的动态非线性失真导致的带内失真以及带外频谱扩展等问题。为验证模型的有效性,本文采用100MHz的5GNR信号作为测试信号,对一个中心频率为2.6GHz的5G射频功放进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,基于增强型LSTM神经网络数字预失真器的带外抑制可达16dB,相比于其他几种预失真器展现出更好的线性化效果,验证了基于增强型LSTM神经网络数字预失真器的有效性。     

宽带OFDM功放自适应数字预失真算法的研究与实现

针对宽带OFDM功放的线性化问题,本文提出了一种基于训练序列的递推最小二乘算法和最小均方算法的组合算法.并将其应用到基于多项式的数字预失真系统中以实现自适应数字预失真滤波器系数的估计和更新.本文首先介绍了整个数字预失真系统的组成架构;然后是自适应数字预失真算法的实现,使用MATLAB软件对其算法进行仿真验证;最后还组建了实验系统,进行了ACLR测试实验.仿真结果和测试结果均表明基于自适应数字顶失真算法的宽带线性化功放具有良好的性能,OFDM功放输出的线性度改善6dB.     

广义记忆型神经网络射频功放数字预失真器

提出了一种基于广义记忆型神经网络(GMNN)的数字预失真器非线性模型,以更好地抑制由于射频功放动态非线性导致的带内失真以及带外频谱扩展等问题。通过引入时间上的超前项,使得功放模型的记忆效应建模能力得以扩展,通过添加高阶非线性级数,使得功放非线性建模精度进一步提高。文中使用带宽为20 MHz 的4载波WCDMA 信号作为测试信号,对一个中心频率为460 MHz 的60W Doherty 射频功放进行数字预失真线性化实验。实验结果表明,广义记忆型神经网络数字预失真器的带外抑制可达19 dB,能更有效地抑制射频功放的带外频谱扩展,相比于其他几种预失真器展现出更好的线性化效果,验证了广义记忆型神经网络数字预失真器的有效性。     

An adaptive digital predistortion for compensating nonlinear distortions in RF power amplifier with memory effects

In this paper, an adaptive digital predistortion based on a memory polynomial model is proposed in order to linearize the power amplifier with memory effect. The coefficients of the power amplifier model have been extracted using a least square method and those of predistortion have been identified by applying an indirect learning structure. Finally, the performance of digital predistortion has been demonstrated using the simulation of the power amplifier and the digital predistortion excited by a modulated 16 QAM signal in Matlab software. According to the simulation results, the criterion of adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) declined by around 15 dB and the input/output power spectrum density of the power amplifier has quite similar curves. The linearized power amplifier output spectrum demonstrates the superiority of the proposed predistorter in eliminating the spectral regrowth which is caused by the memory effect in comparison to the other linearization methods.     

Digital linearizer for RF amplifiers

Broadcast technology is at the beginning of a new era. It is characterized by the intensive use of the most advanced digital modulation formats (8VSB, QAM, OFDM) in combination with high power RF amplifiers. To date the linearity required for these digital formats has only been accomplished in cumbersome low efficiency class A amplifier or even more cumbersome feed-forward systems. A potentially more efficient and cost effective approach is the combination of nonlinear power amplifiers and a predistortion technique capable of compensating for the nonlinear amplifiers. Digital predistortion will provide a highly linear output and improved efficiency. Itelco has developed a digital adaptive base band predistorter to provide for improved performance and cost. The technique is independent of the modulation type, the output frequency, or the signal bandwidth. Furthermore the capability of automatic adaptive predistortion to compensate for the environment (temperature, power supply variations, aging, and even operation during replacement of a faulty module) is highly desirable     

射频预失真器与基带预失真算法结合对行波管功率放大器线性化改善的影响

为了保证自适应算法的效果,一般会将行波管输出功率进行一定回退,但是会降低行波管的工作效率。通过在行波管前端加入射频预失真器,在额定输入功率范围内,线性化后的行波管的非线性失真现象得到了一定程度改善,然后再进行基带自适应算法的实现。X波段行波管在输出功率回退较少的同时,达到较好的非线性失真改善效果。     

基于肖特基二极管的反射式可调预失真电路

为解决传统反射式预失真电路可调性不高、对功率放大器的邻信道泄漏比(ACLR)改善量小的问题,文 中提出了一种基于肖特基二极管的反射式可调模拟预失真电路。该电路由90°电桥、肖特基二极管以及偏置电路组 成。每条支路采用两个并联肖特基二极管产生非线性信号,以抵消功放的非线性失真。每一个肖特基二极管都有独立 的偏置电路,从而可以增加电路调节的自由度。通过改变每个肖特基二极管的偏压,可实现更大动态范围的幅度和相 位的补偿。基于此原理加工的S 波段模拟预失真电路对中心频率为3. 5 GHz 的Doherty 功率放大器进行线性化测试, 实验结果证明:加上提出的模拟预失真电路后,在输出功率为-28 dBm 时被测功放的ACLR 改善了14. 6 dBc 以上。     

Adaptive predistorter for power amplifier based on real-timeestimation of envelope transfer characteristics

A new adaptation technique for digital predistortion is presented. The proposed method employs the real-time input and output signals of a high power amplifier (HPA) to estimate the complex envelope transfer characteristics. Therefore, a look-up table update can be performed without Interrupting the normal transmission of messages through an HPA     

A New Wideband Adaptive Digital Predistortion Technique Employing Feedback Linearization

We develop a new wideband digital feedback predistortion (WDFBPD) technique for modulated signals with wide bandwidths by combining digital feedback predistortion (DFBPD) linearization and memory-effect compensation techniques. For the experiments, a class-AB amplifier using an LDMOSFET with 90-W peak envelope power is employed. The proposed technique is compared with existing DFBPD and memory polynomial (MP) techniques for a 2.14-GHz forward-link WCDMA 2FA signal with 10-MHz carrier spacing. The experimental results show that the new WDFBPD technique has better linearization performance than conventional DFBPD and lower computational complexity than the MP technique.     

Low Complexity Partial Transmit Sequence with Complex Gain Memory Predistortion in OFDM Systems

In this paper the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction and digital predistortion effects in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are investigated. By applying a predistortion technique called complex gain memory predistortion (CGMP), power amplifier works at higher power efficiency. The proposed enhanced partial transmit sequence scheme is applied for PAPR reduction and integration with CGMP technique results in increasing in OFDM system efficiency and prolonged battery life. Simulation and results are examined with actual power amplifier and OFDM signal with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.     

Data predistortion techniques using intersymbol interpolation

Two data predistortion techniques are presented that compensate for high-power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearities in digital microwave radio systems by employing quadrature amplitude-modulation (QAM) signal formats. The first one is a T/2-spaced predistortion technique that ensures distortion-free HPA output at two points per symbol interval T. The second is a T/3-spaced predistortion technique which cancels nonlinear distortion at the HPA output at three points per symbol interval. As opposed to conventional data predistortion, which can only compensate for warping of the signal constellation, the new techniques are effective against intersymbol interference. Using the 64- and 256-QAM signal constellations, it is shown that the proposed techniques lead to a very efficient utilization of the available HPA power. It is shown that, of the two techniques, the T/3-spaced data predistortion employs narrower transmit-pulse shaping and achieves higher protection against adjacent-channel interference at the expense of some additional complexity