石油产品溶剂脱氮研究进展

石油产品中的氮化物对其安定性有较大的影响,在石油加工过程中极微量氮化物就会导致催化剂中毒,含氮燃料燃烧后产生的氮氧化物对大气污染严重。石油脱氮技术主要有酸洗脱氮法、吸附脱氮法和加氢脱氮法。综述了石油产品脱氮研究进展,提出了催化裂化柴油络合萃取脱氮的途径。     

深色石油产品中碱性氮的分析

本文具体从对深色石油产品的碱性氮分析的实验方法,以及在分析的实验过程中需要注意的问题这两方面来谈起,从而探讨科学且能准确地测定深色石油产品中的碱性氮的方法.     

碳化硅中氮化物结合剂的形成

ＳｉＣ有极好的热机械和化学性能，通常用来制备ＳｉＣ材料的结合剂是：粘土－莫来石、非氧化物和利用ＳｉＣ的再结晶，ＳｉＣ与莫来石的反应是整个粘土碳氮共渗反应的最后阶段。通过这个反应产生了Ｓｉ－Ａｌ－Ｏ－Ｎ系统中的β－赛隆和氧氮化合物。本文使用天然矿物如粘土和滑石，研究ＳｉＣ材料中β－赛隆和Ｓｉ３Ｎ４结合剂的形成。试验先将ＳｉＣ－粘土混合物在１０００ｋｇ／ｃｍ＾２压力下成型，试样在流动的Ｎ２气中，于１４     

利用硫酸铜和硫酸钾作为催化剂检测烟叶中总氮含量

现行烟草行业标准中检测烟叶中总氮含量是利用红色氧化汞作为催化剂消化烟叶样品,由于氧化汞为剧毒化学品,不易采购、不易使用。本方法是利用硫酸铜替代氧化汞及改变硫酸钾用量、消化时间、消化温度来消化处理烟叶样品。本方法完全可以替代传统方法,来检测烟叶中总氮含量。     

渤海湾秦皇岛近岸海域水质的总氮含量检测及分析评价

本研究旨在调查秦皇岛近岸海域海水的水质情况。根据2019年3—5月份对渤海湾秦皇岛近岸海域采样点A、采样点B以及采样点C水质总氮含量监测,得到了一系列数据。对3个不同采样点水质总氮含量、温度变化特征展开了分析,结果表明,春季渤海湾秦皇岛近岸海域采样点A、采样点B以及采样点C三处水质中总氮含量随气温升高均呈下降趋势,但下降幅度不大。春季水体总体氮含量与国家湖泊水环境质量评价标准等级对比,均高于劣Ⅴ类水要求,表明渤海湾秦皇岛近岸水域水质处于超富营养化状态。     

离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究进展

简要分析了离子液体脱氮机理,对近年来国内外不同种类离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究现状进行了综述。指出目前所开发的离子液体脱氮剂对碱性氮具有较高的脱除率,而对中性氮的脱除效果并不理想。设计并合成出新型、高效、价格低、适合工业应用的离子液体将是该技术今后发展的主要任务。     

润滑油基础油非临氢脱氮技术研究

用预处理后的树脂D61、D001和D72对润滑油基础油进行树脂吸附脱氮,通过对温度、树脂使用量、吸附搅拌时间等重要参数的考察选m吸附脱氮效果最好日．油品收率较高的树脂,即所选取的3种树脂中,型号D72的树脂脱氮效果最好,其次是型号D001,D61型号树脂脱氮效果最不理想,     

脱除催化裂化柴油中碱性氮化物的研究

在实验室用WH-2脱氮剂脱除RFCC柴油中的碱性氮化物。考察了剂油比、反应时间、反应温度和静置时间对碱性氮化物脱除和精制后油品透光率的影响。结果表明,增大剂油比、延长反应时间、提高反应温度,均有利于油品中碱性氮化物的脱除,而剂油比和反应时间对脱氮效果的影响要强于反应温度的影响。WH-2脱氮剂对RFCC柴油表现出优良的碱性氮脱除及脱色能力。20℃下,当剂油比为1︰400、反应时间10 min,静置8～10 min,RFCC柴油中的碱性氮脱除率高达97.5%,油品透光率由精制前的3.8%提高到36.4%。通过简单的分离手段,从酸渣中回收到了大部分脱氮剂主剂,可作为脱氮剂成分重复利用。     

复混肥料中总氮含量的检测

复混肥料中总氮含量的检测是检验复混肥质量的一个重要指标。针对GB/T 8572-2010《复混肥料中总氮含量的测定蒸馏后滴定法》中的关键步骤试样制备、样品消化、蒸馏等进行了论述,总结了注意事项,以确保检验结果的准确可靠。     

离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究进展

简要分析了离子液体脱氮机理,对近年来国内外不同种类离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究现状进行了综述。指出目前所开发的离子液体脱氮剂对碱性氮具有较高的脱除率,而对中性氮的脱除效果并不理想。设计并合成出新型、高效、价格低、适合工业应用的离子液体将是该技术今后发展的主要任务。     

Theoretical Prediction of the Structure and Properties of Cubic Spinel Nitrides

The structure and properties of cubic spinel nitrides were investigated based on first-principles theoretical calculations. The lattice constants, bulk moduli, band structures, electronic bonding, and lattice stability of thirty-nine single and double nitrides were studied. The single spinel nitrides of the form c -A₃N₄ (where A is a Group IVA element), except c -Hf₃N₄, are all semiconductors with band gaps ranging from an indirect gap of 0.07 eV in c -Ti₃N₄ to a direct gap of 3.45 eV in c -Si₃N₄. For double nitrides of the form c -AB₂N₄ (where A and B are Group IVA (Ti, Zr, Hf) or IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn) elements), both metallic and insulating band structures are possible. The stability of the double spinel nitrides, relative to single nitrides, is dependent on the optimal cation radii and polyhedral volumes at the tetrahedral A sites and the octahedral B sites. Of the thirty-two double nitrides, only nine are predicted to be energetically favorable. Among the potentially stable phases, the most interesting ones are c -CSi₂N₄ (which has an exceptionally strong covalent bonding and large bulk modulus), c -SiGe₂N₄ (which has an energetically favorable direct band gap of 1.85 eV), and c -SiTi₂N₄ (which is metallic).     

First-Principles Calculations of Anion Vacancies in Oxides and Nitrides

The formation energy, structural relaxation, and defect-induced states of neutral anion vacancies of five oxides (i.e., MgO, Al₂O₃, ZnO, In₂O₃, and SnO₂) and four nitrides (i.e., AlN, Si₃N₄, Ge₃N₄, and InN) are systematically discussed, based on first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. Two types of polymorphs for each compound are compared. The number of atoms included in the supercells ranged from 54 to 96. When a localized vacancy-induced state appears within the band gap, as in a typical ionic crystal, the formation energy can be well scaled by the band gap of the perfect crystal. On the other hand, when an empty and localized vacancy-induced state is located above the highest occupied band or no localized state is formed, the formation energy has a tendency to be smaller. In compounds such as ZnO and SnO₂, the formation energy is dependent largely on the crystal structure. This result can be explained by the transition of the vacancy-induced state from occupied to unoccupied, which is caused by the change in atomic arrangement, as represented by the cation coordination number.     

从煤焦油和石油焦油中分离2,6-二甲基萘

本文介绍了2,6-二甲基萘的用途和制备方法;综述了从煤焦油和石油中分离提纯2,6-二甲基萘工艺.     

Interfacial Phenomena in the Filtration/Separation of Petroleum Products

Abstract

The increased dieselization of the internal combustion engine and other energy related considerations are the impetus for higher performance, longer life petroleum product filters. A better understanding of the role of interfacial phenomena, in the non-aqueous filtration applications, is needed for improved products. This review paper focuses on the effect of interfacial phenomena in the coalescence and separation of water emulsions from fuel oil and on the removal of fine suspended solids from petroleum hydrocarbons, for conditions relevent to end-of-line cartridge filtration applications. Work, during the last two decades, specifically concerned with these interfacial effects has been reviewed in this paper.     

分子筛在空气分离中的新进展

展示了多种分子筛在对空气中的主要成分O2、N2、CO2、H2O等气体进行分离时表现出的不同性能,以及对有害气体NOx和SO2消除作用;展望了分子筛作为空分吸附剂的进一步发展,以及在石油化工等方面应用的前景。     

膜分离技术在石油化工中应用研究现状

介绍了现有的膜分离技术在石油化工及其相关领域的研究与应用现状，分析了各种膜产品的市场占有率及未来发展趋势。提出了利用膜分离技术改造传统产业，提高石油化学工业和油气资源开采的经济效益的可能途径。     

Separation of liquid fossil fuels into acid,base and neutral concentrates: 1. An improved nonaqueous ion exchange method

An improved method is presented for nonaqueous ion exchange separation of liquid fossil fuels into acid, base and neutral fractions. Improvements over previous procedures have been made in the areas of ion exchange resin activation, elution of the neutral compounds, extraction of acids and bases from the resins, and in a better definition the overall properties, strengths and weaknesses of the method. A detailed procedure for applying the method to separations of fuels is presented. In addition, results of its application to different types of fuels and model compound mixtures are included, as well as other data relating to the mechanism of acid-base retention on resins and overall optimization of the usual Chromatographic variables.     

过渡金属氮化物制备方法及吸氢机理研究进展

介绍了过渡金属氮化物的制备方法,讨论了影响程序升温氮化法的因素;分析了过渡金属氮化物催化剂的吸氢活性、吸附机理.与传统的过渡金属硫化物催化剂相比具有更加优异的氢吸附、活化和转移能力.在加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮和其他涉氢反应中有着广泛的应用.     

分子蒸馏技术在天然产物分离中的应用

介绍了分子蒸馏的基本原理、特点及其在食品工业、精细化工和医药工业中的应用。引用文献21篇。     

石油产品水分检测技术研究及改进

新时期,石油劣质化日趋严重,石油产品中的水分不断增多,水作为油类产品中常见的杂质,其存量的多少严重影响油品的质量、运输、存储以及设备正常功能的使用,极易造成相关设备的损坏,降低使用年限,增加生产成本,油品水分含量的检测也成为评价油品性能的一项重要指标。因此,如何对油类产品中的水分进行检测并彻底清除是当前阶段亟待解决的问题,目前,水分检测方法多样,各种方式的特点及性能都存在一定的差异,主要对现阶段我国常用的实验室水分检测技术进行概述,探究并改进影响高效油品水分检测的因素,以保证石油产品的生产质量。