复合式MEMS微夹持器的研制

为实现对亚毫米微小构件稳定夹取及可靠释放等操作,研制了一种复合式微夹持器.采用有限元软件分析了微夹持器的机构及动力特性.应用MEMS体硅工艺将静电梳齿驱动与气动吸放集成构成复合式驱动,气动吸放的引入改善了微夹持器的操作性能,S形柔性梁结构的设计将梳齿驱动的直线运动转化成末端夹爪的转动实现了夹持操作.两种不同尺寸的微夹持器,有效扩展了微夹持器的夹持范围.根据微夹持器的操作控制需求,设计了微夹持器静电驱动控制系统以及气压控制系统.在80 V的驱动电压下,微夹持器末端夹爪位移可达25 μm.针对100～200 μm的小球进行了微操作实验,实验结果表明,静电梳齿驱动结合真空吸附能够使夹取操作更加稳定,基于闭环控制的气路正压力能有效克服小球与夹爪之间的粘附力,实现可靠的释放操作.微夹持器基本满足100～200 μm微小构件的操作需求.     

具有力感知功能的四臂式MEMS微夹持器研制

为了解决夹持器小型集成化、夹持力可控的问题，本文采用体硅加工技术成功的研制了一种基于单晶硅的、具有微力检测功能的新型四臂式MEMS微夹持器。以压阻检测技术为基础，利用MEMS侧面压阻刻蚀工艺将力传感器集成在微夹持器的夹持臂末端，实现夹持力的微力检测。采用有限元软件对微夹持器机构和传感器弹性体进行分析。S型柔性梁结构的设计将梳齿驱动的直线运动转化为夹持臂末段的转动，结合四臂式的末段结构，有效的扩展了夹持器的夹持范围。利用硅玻璃键合技术实现夹持臂的电隔离，通过施加80V电压，夹持臂的单臂运动范围为25靘，夹持器的夹持范围30-130靘。实验标定出传感器的最大量程在1mN以上，分辨率为3霳，可以实现夹持力的有效反馈。     

面向MEMS微装配的夹持器的设计和实验研究

介绍了一种由PZT（压电陶瓷）驱动的用于MEMS微装配的微夹持器的设计，计算了夹持器本体的放大倍数和刚度,并用ANSYS仿真验证了数学计算的准确性,采用了基于视觉的标定方法，标定了微夹持器刚度、张合量、夹持力以及夹持力和张合量的关系。实验表明：夹持器张合量达280μm，夹持力达0．1N，可精确操作200～2000μm的微齿轮，实现了微行星齿轮减速器的装配。     

基于MEMS机构装配的微夹持器研究

微夹持器作为末端执行装置,直接决定了微装配的效率。MEMS机构中包含许多微小的活动部件和功能元件,为实现这些微小器件的稳定夹取和自动装配,设计了一种采用压电陶瓷驱动、基于柔性铰链的二级放大微夹持器结构。对该微夹持器的节点应力、刚度及最大张合量等进行了分析计算,并对微夹持器进行了试制。实验与分析结果表明,该夹持器最大张合量是245μm,放大倍数约为12.3倍,满足MEMS机构的装配要求。在此基础上,重点对张合量与夹持力进行了系统测试,通过对测试数据的非线性回归,推导出99.99%可靠度的驱动电压计算公式,实现了微夹持的精确控制。     

微夹持器的有限元分析

设计了一种基于柔顺铰链的微夹持器。微夹持器采用柔顺铰链为导向机构,为了提高微夹持器的分辨率,采用两级杠杆柔顺机构对输入位移进行放大。建立了系统的理论分析模型,并对其静态特性进行了分析。在此基础上对平台尺寸进行了优化设计,给出了平台尺寸的最优数值结果。最后利用有限元分析软件COSMOS对平台进行静力分析和模态分析,验证设计的正确性和有效性。     

电磁驱动式微小夹持器的研制

概述了集成化微小夹持器的研制现状,介绍了电磁驱动式斜楔机构微小夹持器的结构设计、实验以及关键零件的确定.     

新型集成三维微力检测微夹持器

提出了一种以压阻检测技术为基础,压电陶瓷为微驱动元件,具有两级位移放大且集成三维微力传感器的微夹持器。采用有限元软件对微操持器放大机构和传感器弹性体进行分析,并给出了传感器的标定方法。实验证明,该传感器具有无耦合、测量分辨率高、线性度好、标定简单的优点,满足了预计的设计要求,传感器最大量程为10 mN,X向与Y向的分辨率均为2.4 μN,Z向的分辨率为4.2 μN;同时也验证了所设计的微夹持器的合理性和实用性,当压电陶瓷驱动电压取200 V时,微夹持器的张合量达到最大值274 μm。     

体硅工艺静电致动微夹持器的试验研究

对一种梳状静电致动微夹持器的特性进行了测试.采用显微镜-CCD-微机测试方案,微夹持器的状态信息通过数据采集及图像处理获取,得到"电压-位移"特性曲线并建立了数学方程.对特性方程的分析表明理论设计与试验结果的一致性与合理性.并分析了从设计、加工到测试过程中引起理论设计与实际器件性能差异的主要因素,表明现有的微机械设计理论与加工水平存在一定的不足.由试验结果中获取了相关微机械器件的设计经验.     

用于微装配的二级放大微夹持器的设计与实验

微装配系统中的重要工具之一就是微夹持器,因此设计了利用压电陶瓷驱动的二级放大的微夹持器并利用Pro/E对其建模,计算了其放大倍数和节点应力,同时采用有限元方法对所设计的微夹持器进行张合量、放大倍数、应力、刚度及夹持力的分析计算,最后对微夹持器进行试制,实验测试,测试结果表明该微夹持器设计合理,基本符合要求。     

基于柔性铰链的二级放大微夹持器的研究

微夹持器是微装配系统的关键部件,设计了一种以柔性铰链为基础的二级位移放大机构的夹持器,该夹持器由压电陶瓷驱动。计算了夹持器的放大倍数和柔性铰链的节点应力,并对夹持器的最大张合量、放大倍数、夹持力和刚度进行有限元仿真分析。分析结果表明:夹持器的结构设计满足实际应用要求,对实现微小零件的自动装配有实际意义。     

Development of a microgripping system for handling of microcomponents

This paper reports the development of a semi-automatic microgripping system that consists of a microgripper and an x, y, z positioning system. The microgripper has two 1DOF fingers fabricated by an amorphous, soft magnetic material and is actuated electromagnetically. The microgripper is embedded in the 3DOF positioning system with the help of a stainless steel holder under an angle, which is manually adjusted, in respect to the working field. The position of the microgripper is observed optically and by three digital indicators¹ from Mitutoyo, which offer easy reading and continuous position tracking. All axes are actuated by step motors which allow precise positioning of the microparticles under manipulation. The microgripping system was tested in pick and place cases, under an optical microscope in atmospheric conditions. Optical fibres (125 μm in diameter) and bonding wires (50 μm in diameter) were handled. The temperature on the actuator, on the microgripper fingers and on the microgripper tips during manipulation was measured using K type (Ni/CrNi) thermocouples. The gripping force was evaluated as well.     

Development of a high precision flexure-based microgripper

This paper presents the design and development of a high precision microgripper for micromanipulation. The design is based on a hybrid flexure-based compliant mechanism and a bias spring structure which render high fidelity and inherent mechanical advantages. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to evaluate responses of the model under specified load and displacement to investigate optimum design of the model. The prototype of the proposed microgripper was fabricated using electro-discharge machining (EDM) process. An experimental study of the performance was carried out and the results are presented. The experimental results are also compared with the computational analysis results. The results show that a high level of displacement amplification and a maximum stroke of 100 μm can be achieved.     

Computational parametric analysis and experimental investigations of a compact flexure-based microgripper

This paper presents a flexure-based piezoelectric actuated microgripper for high precision grasping/releasing tasks. The design of the microgripper consists of a three-stage amplification and transmission mechanism, and the parallel grasping technique. A bridge-type mechanism and two sequential lever-type mechanisms are symmetrically connected to amplify the output displacement of the embedded piezoelectric actuator. The parallelogram mechanisms assist in linearizing the output displacement of both jaws of the microgripper. The computational analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of the dimensional parameters on the characteristics of the microgripper. A computational parametric optimization methodology is established to achieve the required attributes of the microgripper. The design optimization resulted in a compact design, a high displacement amplification ratio, and a large output displacement of the microgripper. The experimental studies are conducted to investigate the key characteristics of the microgripper such as the displacement amplification ratio, the output displacement, tracking performance. Further, the parasitic motion, input-end and output-end motion resolution of the microgripper are identified. The experimental results indicate that the compact microgripper can achieve a high displacement amplification ratio and large output displacement with a high positioning accuracy.     

喉部手术机器人手指系统设计

喉部手术机器人手指系统是针对喉部手术自身特点及要求而开发的一套手指系统.该系统由驱动机构和末端工具两部分组成,拥有旋转和开合两个自由度,并能快速更换末端工具,使机器人具有足够的自由度与灵活性,满足手术中位姿和动作要求.动物试验证明该手指系统满足喉部手术的各种要求.     

Control and dynamic releasing method of a piezoelectric actuated microgripper

This paper proposes the control and dynamic releasing method of a symmetric microgripper with integrated position sensing. The microgripper adopted in this micromanipulation system is constructed by two L-shaped leverage mechanisms and the fingers of the microgripper is machined much thinner than the gripper body. A combined feedforward/feedback position controller is established to improve the motion accuracy of the microgripper in high frequency. The feedforward controller is established based on rate-dependent inverse Prandtl-Ishlinskii (P–I) hysteresis model. The inertial force generated in dynamic based releasing process is analyzed through MATLAB simulation. Open-loop experimental tests have been performed, and the results indicate the first natural frequency of the microgripper is 730 Hz. Then experiments in high frequency based on the developed combined controller are carried out and the results show the tracking error of a superimposed sinusoidal trajectory with the frequency of 100 Hz, 120 Hz and 130 Hz is 6.4%. Finally, the tiny objects releasing experiments are conducted where the combined controller is used to control the motion amplitude and frequency to achieve inertial force controllable to improve operation accuracy. And the results show that the dynamic releasing strategy is effective.     

A new design of piezoelectric driven compliant-based microgripper for micromanipulation

This paper describes the development of a microgripper mechanism capable of delivering high precision and fidelity manipulation of micro objects. The mechanism adopts a flexure-based concept on its joints to address the inherent nonlinearities associated with the application of conventional rigid hinges. A combination of two modeling techniques namely Pseudo Rigid Body Model (PRBM) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was implemented to expedite the prototyping procedure which leads to the establishment of high performance mechanism. A wire Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) technique was utilized to fabricate the monolithic structure of the gripper mechanism. Experimental studies were conducted on the model prototype to obtain various correlations governing the gripper performance as well as for model verification. The experimental results demonstrate a high level of integrity in comparison to the computational analysis. A high amplification characteristic and maximum stroke of 100 μm can be achieved.     

引信MEMS静电探测器阵列设计

引信可以利用空中目标运动产生的静电场信息对目标进行探测,而MEMS的特殊性能非常适合于引信静电探测器的设计。在引信有限的体积内布设MEMS静电探测阵列,通过对目标静电场信息进行检测,可以获得目标的位置和速度信息。本文运用表面加工工艺设计了一种MEMS薄膜电极的垂直振动式电场传感器阵列。介绍了该电场传感器探测单元及阵列的结构、组成及工作原理,说明了该器件的加工工艺。通过MEMS静电探测单元的空间布阵,研究了引信MEMS静电探测阵列对目标定位的原理,推导了目标定位的公式,使用MEMS静电探测阵列探测了目标的静电场,实现了对目标位置的定位。