离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸用于水中多环芳烃萃取的研究

用疏水性离子液体1-甲基-3-己基咪唑六氟磷酸作为溶剂，液液萃取水中典型污染物多环芳烃，用lmL离子液体萃取50mL含萘、1-甲基萘、2-氯萘、菲、芘、屈各40μg／L的水样，其回收率为：82．2％～101．2％，相对标准偏差为2．4％～3．5％，方法的检出限在0．05～0．43μg／L范围之内，水样中有机溶剂、盐的含量及pH值对萃取回收率有一定的影响。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定除臭类化妆品中4种禁限用物质

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定除臭类化妆品中铅、砷、汞、锌4种禁限用物质的方法。通过试验确定了仪器参数及各元素的分析线,4种元素分别在0．5～6μg／mL、0．05～0．5／Lg／mL、0．02～0．2ug／mL、2～10μg／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0．9997,样品中各元素的加标回收率在89．0％～103．0％之间。方法简便、准确、灵敏度高,为化妆品中禁限用物质的控制提供一种行之有效的分析方法。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中硝基苯类化合物的含量

建立了固相萃取-气相色谱法测定水中硝基苯类含量的方法。水样经固相萃取柱富集后,进入配有DB-5（30m×320μm×0．25μm）毛细管色谱柱的带ECD检测器的气相色谱中进行测定。测定的方法检出限分别为硝基苯：0．29μg／L,间-硝基氯苯：0．05μg／L,对-硝基氯苯：0．02μg／L,邻～硝基氯苯：0．01恤晷／L,对-二硝基苯：0．03μg／L,间-二硝基苯：0．08μg／L,邻-二硝基苯：O．01μg／L,2,4～二硝基甲苯：0．021μg／L,2,4-二硝基氯苯：0．021μg／L,2,4,6-三硝基甲苯：O．02μg／L,加标回收率在83．O％～118．6％之间,相对标准偏差为2．2％～9．7％。     

用国产GDX-103色谱柱测定脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚类产品中的1,4 -二(噁)烷

用顶空气相色谱法,选择了色谱固定相和实验条件,用国产高分子多孔小球GDX-103色谱柱测定脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO)及其硫酸盐(AES)和含有AES的餐具洗涤剂中的1,4-二噁烷。结果表明:所测7个AEO样品中1,4-二噁烷的质量浓度小于2μg.mL-1;所测9个AES样品中1,4-二噁烷质量浓度为6.0μg.mL-1-928.3μg.mL-1;所测8个餐具洗涤剂样品中1,4-二噁烷质量浓度为2.9μg.mL-1-59.7μg.mL-1。该方法测定1,4-二噁烷的标准曲线的相关系数为0.999 9,检出限为0.3μg.mL-1。     

微波萃取和气相色谱-质谱测定塑料中的多溴联苯

建立了1种测定塑料中PBB的微波萃取和GC-MS法,对微波萃取条件进行了优化。结果表明,最佳的分析条件为：萃取温度105℃,压力6.9MPa,萃取时间20min,萃取溶剂为V（C0H14）：V（C3H6O）=1：1的正己烷-丙酮混合物。方法的捡出限为5μg／mL,线性范围5～100μg／mL,相关系数大于0．995;样品基体加标回收率为89．1％～105.1％,相对标准偏差2．00％、可以用于实际样品的测定。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中氯酚类

采用固相萃取-高效色谱法测定水中酚类。通过正交试验和验证试验探讨固相萃取技术富集水中7种酚类各种因素的影响,优化固相萃取的条件。优化得到的固相萃取条件：样品的pH为2、选择Oasis HLB固相萃取色谱小柱、流速为5mL／min、洗脱溶剂为四氢呋喃、洗脱体积为2mL,分2次洗脱。使用该方法的加标回收率为94．2％～105．1％,相对标准偏差为1．2％～3．9％,检出限为0．1～0．5μg／L。固相萃取-高效液相色谱法不仅各组分的回收率和灵敏度高,而且具有操作简便、溶剂用量少的特点,符合水中酚类测定的要求。     

空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定W（有机钼）

介绍了用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定润滑油添加荆二烷基二硫代磷酸氧钼中的w（有机钼）,通过实验确定了用空气-乙炔火焰法测定钼的最佳实验条件。此方法在O～60μg／mL成线性,检出限为1．0μg／mL,相对标准偏差小于1．7％,加标回收率为97．5%～100．8％。     

在线固相萃取-二维高效液相-串联质谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素-LR

建立了全自动化在线固相萃取-二维高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中微囊藻毒素-LR的新方法。一维液相系统（上样泵）直接将100μL水样泵送入固相萃取柱富集,六通阀自动切换,另一维液相系统（分析泵）则将微囊藻毒素-LR冲洗至分析柱进行分离检测。试验结果表明,该方法快速、灵敏度高、精密度好。能够满足生活饮用水及其水源水中痕量微囊藻毒素-LR的检测要求,也非常适合突发水质污染时的应急检测。饮用水和水源水中高低两种浓度微囊藻毒素-LR的平均加标回收率分别为99．1％～106．0％和108．4％～108．8％,相对标准偏差为2．4％～7．0％和1．8％～9．4％,微囊藻毒素-LR的检出限为0．0026μg／L远低于国标0．06μg／L的检出限。     

液相色谱质谱法检测化妆品中的丙烯酰胺

建立化妆品中丙烯酰胺残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱的检测方法。化妆品样品用0．1％甲酸溶液振摇提取,用石油醚除去基质,取下层清液高速离心后过滤,用液相色谱分离,采用质谱检测器对化妆品中丙烯酰胺进行检测,以标准曲线法定量分析。方法检出限为0．031ug／g,定量限为0．1ug／g,在10-500ng／mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,3个添加水平范围的平均回收率为92．6％～109．1％,精密度RSD=1．24%,重复性RSD=1．7％。该方法能够满足化妆品中丙烯酰胺残留的检测要求。     

铬天青S分光光度法测定地下水中铝的含量

采用以铬天青S、溴化十四烷基吡啶为试剂的分光光度法进行地下水中铝的测定。研究结果表明,在pH=4．7的HAe--NaAc缓冲溶液中,铝含量在0-5μg范围内符合比耳定律。三元络合物最大吸收波长位于645nm。方法的摩尔吸光系数为：ε=6．63×10％·mol^-1·cm^-1。线性回归方程为：A=0．103e（μg／25mL）,相关系数0．9887,加标回收率94％～102％,方法的检出限0．021μg／mL。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。