有裂纹的功能梯度材料板平面问题的随机动态响应(英文)

研究有裂纹的功能梯度材料板平面问题的随机动态断裂,建立平面问题的随机模型。功能梯度材料的物理力学性能沿厚度方向的非均匀随机变化为沿厚度方向的随机场。作用在裂纹面上的动荷载为时间的平稳随机过程,裂纹与功能梯度材料面平行。通过分层法,将随机场的问题转化为多个随机变量的问题进行求解。利用积分变换方法和奇异积分方程技术,得到动态响应的解析形式和裂纹起始扩展的概率计算公式,分析了各参数(裂纹长度、随机场参数和裂纹位置)对动态应力强度因子的影响。结果表明:随着裂纹长度、随机场参数β以及裂纹位置比率 h2/h 的增大,应力强度因子的数学期望和标准方差均相应增大。     

功能梯度压电带型材料中反平面Yoffe型运动裂纹

研究了功能梯度压电带形材料中有限长裂纹受反平面力荷载与平面电荷载作用的Yoffe型运动裂纹问题,这里假设功能梯度压电带形材料的弹性常数、压电常数、介电常数沿带形厚度方向呈连续变化.通过使用Fourier余弦变换,问题被转化成了第二类的Fredholm积分方程.数值求解此方程,从而获得了功能梯度压电带形材料中裂纹尖端附近电弹性场的解析表达式.研究结果表明,功能梯度压电带型材料中反平面Yoffe型运动裂纹尖端附近的应力、电场强度及电位移都具有平方根奇异性,而且与固定于裂纹尖端的运动坐标有关;运动裂纹尖端的场变量分布比静止裂纹情形复杂得多.标准化应力强度因子与裂纹运动的速度有关.     

镁合金板材室温矫直开裂研究

在利用有限元逆向标定法确定镁合金材料的GTN损伤模型参数值的基础上，将损伤参数引入板材矫直模型中，通过模拟与矫直试验相结合的方法，分析了不同矫直工艺方案及预制V形裂纹几何尺寸对裂纹扩展的影响规律。结果表明，当压下量达到一定程度时，孔洞体积分数达到材料断裂时的孔洞体积分数。随着入口压下量的增大，裂纹尖端处达到材料断裂时的孔洞体积分数的次数增多，裂纹扩展长度增加。长宽比较大的V形裂纹尖端处应力集中现象明显，孔洞体积分数更容易达到材料断裂时的孔洞体积分数，容易发生裂纹萌生和扩展。采用较小压下量对板材进行矫直，可有效减小板材裂纹扩展。     

基于J~Q双参数准则的含缺陷焊接接头失效评定曲线研究(Ⅱ)

基于均匀材料裂纹结构应力应变场解的研究现状，考虑了应力三轴性对焊接接头裂纹尖端应力应变场的影响，建立了基于J～Q双参数准则的焊接接头失效评定曲线。对于焊接接头力学不均匀性对J积分和三轴性应力因子Q的影响，利用有限元数值解研究了J积分和Q因子的分布规律，结合工程实际，进一步通过曲线拟合得到了焊接接头失效评定曲线中各参量的工程估算方法。     

铝合金纯Ⅲ型裂纹断裂韧性实验及数值模拟研究

对中部开环绕裂纹的圆柱形铝合金试件进行扭转实验,实验过程中裂纹前缘会受到面内剪应力作用下而产生III型裂纹起裂,并测得铝合金的III型断裂韧度.另外,通过有限元数值计算,可获得裂纹尖端附近的应力场,根据断裂力学理论可推算出试件的Ⅲ型裂纹断裂韧度.比较两种方法得到的断裂韧度值,从而获得实测值与数值解的一致性,这可为铝合金...     

基于仿真模拟的未焊透缺陷管道安全评价

压力管道作为调相机运行中不可缺少的部件，通常采取焊接方式进行连接，因此焊接质量直接影响调相机的安全。利用Comsol仿真模拟软件对含未焊透缺陷的压力管道及其尖端裂纹应力强度因子进行计算，并结合标准GB/T 19624—2019 《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》对焊接管道安全性给予相关评价。结果表明，未焊透缺陷深度临界尺寸为0.85 mm,安全评价指标临界数值为0.44;未焊透缺陷尖端裂纹强度因子大于管道材料门槛应力强度因子(1.98 MPa·mm^1/2),外载荷作用下裂纹扩展，裂纹尖端应力场强度因子K_I增大；当裂纹尖端应力场强度因子达到20钢断裂韧性(30.4 MPa·mm^1/2)时，裂纹将出现失稳扩展，造成材料的断裂。     

复合加载方式作用下熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的裂端场与断裂参量

针对复合载荷作用下熔合线含裂纹的焊接接头,应用弹塑性有限元方法分析了其裂端应力场的分布规律.并对不同组配焊接接头的COD断裂参量及其复合角进行了数值计算,讨论了加载角度和接头强度组配对焊接接头断裂行为及断裂参量的影响机制.研究结果表明,对于复合载荷作用下的熔合线含裂纹焊接接头,其裂端应力场同时受到加载角度以及材料非均匀性的影响.当加载角度较小时,复合载荷对接头性能的影响相对于接头组配的影响更为显著.而当加载角度达到并超过30°时,情况与之相反.     

裂纹尖端塑性区修正公式的改进

讨论了在小范围屈服条件下裂纹尖端塑性区的修正,指出了Irwin经典模型的不足并对其进行了改进,给出了考虑材料强化效应并采用裂纹尖端应力场精确解后的裂尖塑性区大小计算公式。通过改进后的结果与Irwin经典模型结果的比较,表明本工作使Irwin模型更为合理和准确。     

微观结构对板条马氏体启裂和裂纹稳态扩展的影响

研究了具有典型板条马氏体组织的低碳合金结构钢启裂和裂纹早期扩展阻力与微观组织结构、断裂过程中消耗功之间关系。结果表明：板条马氏体微观组织结构决定裂纹尖端塑性约束程度；微观组织结构特征不同，裂纹尖端塑性约束程度不同，启裂过程和裂纹早期扩展过程中消耗的弹性能和塑性功不同，导致材料抵抗裂纹稳态扩展的阻有较大差异。     

基于局部法高密度聚乙烯管道材料的断裂行为

作者主要对低温下高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管道材料的断裂参量进行了测试，并对三点弯试样进行了有限元数值计算，分析了低温下具有不同裂纹尺寸的三点弯试样裂纹尖端应力应变场。利用试验和有限元计算结果，基于局部法对HDPE材料的抗开裂行为进行了研究。结果表明，采用局部法可对具有不同原始裂纹长度三点弯试样之间的断裂行为进行相互预测，并且预测结果与试验结果吻合良好。一方面验证了表征材料脆性断裂特征的参量m和σu与初始裂纹长度无关，为一材料常数；另一方面也表明局部法能有效地描述HDPE材料的脆性断裂行为。对于HI)PE管道材料，威布尔应力可以作为有效的断裂控制参量。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。