松香胺聚氧乙烯醚生产性试验报告

根据东方红炼油厂、林化所和钟山化工厂于1977年底拟订的“水质稳定剂 Calnox288仿制”协议书,经过二年来的工作完成了松香胺聚氧乙烯醚的小样合成和应用试验,于1979年11月在钟山化工厂进行了以下生产性试验。一、原料的质量要求松香胺:用电位滴定法测定含胺量在85%以上,平均值90.6%。环氧乙烷:用气相色谱法测定含量在99.8%以上;水含量在0.1%以下;醛含量在0.1%以下。     

利用神经网络动态模拟污水生物脱氮过程

用以活性污泥数学模型 (ASM)为基础的EFOR软件的模拟输入输出数据训练设计好的神经网络 ,然后同时变化输入数据 ,比较输出数据。结果表明神经网络用于污水生物脱氮过程的动态的模拟 ,预测出水COD的误差可控制在± 3%以下 ,出水TN的误差可控制在± 6 %以下 ,出水SS的误差可控制在± 10 %以下。     

电厂高盐水回用工程实例

以浙江某电厂高盐水回用工程为实例,介绍了“高效反应器-流砂过滤器-超滤-弱酸阳床-反渗透”工艺在高盐水回用中的应用。结果表明：高盐水回用系统产水的电导率在250μS/cm以下,硬度为0,COD在7 mg/L以下,活性二氧化硅在4 mg/L以下。超滤水回收率在90%以上,一段反渗透水回收率在64%以上,脱盐率在98%以上,二段反渗透水回收率在55%以上,脱盐率在97%以上。且出水水质优良且稳定,可用作循环水补水,给该电厂带来良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

掺配炼油厂浮渣、污泥制备水煤浆的实验研究

对神优煤掺配炼油厂浮渣、污泥制备水煤浆进行了实验研究。在选用星光宝亿生产的水煤浆添加剂以及添加量为1.5‰条件下,神优煤掺配浮渣、污泥均能够制备出煤浆浓度、黏度、流动性、稳定性符合工业要求的水煤浆。随着浮渣、污泥掺配比例的提高,煤浆的黏度逐渐增大。浮渣的掺配量控制在8%以下、净化污泥的掺配量控制在5%以下、脱水污泥的掺配量控制在3%以下制备的水煤浆性能较好。     

高温硫酸体系中碳钢缓蚀剂的研究

在任何温度下,60%以下的硫酸对碳钢的腐蚀速率都随着酸质量分数增大而提高。随着条件,如温度、流速等因素的提高,这种腐蚀还会加剧。针对高温硫酸酸洗环境,研究开发出一种缓蚀剂。通过试验发现,该缓蚀剂在(65±5)℃时,60%以下的硫酸酸洗环境中表现出较好的缓蚀效果,最佳质量分数推荐为1.5%～2.5%。     

香味料文摘

取自芳香油的液态口服组份/MamounM M．Hussein等//Patent No,5298．238．Happi May 1994,P20本液态口服组份的成分是含有液态载体与一种薄荷油的液体,其内含有0.11%以下的L-柠檬烯、0.37%以下的1.8-桉叶油素、0.08%以下的顺式-罗勒烯、0.2%以下     

中温煤焦油间歇蒸馏提质制备轻油

简述了在中温煤焦油间歇蒸馏提质制备轻油过程中,将中温煤焦油的水分降至1.5%以下,灰分降至0.1%以下,密度降至0.96 g/cm3,提高了产品的附加值;同时,缩短了焦油脱水时间,保证了工艺的稳定性。     

超滤膜处理分散染料废水

质量分数为1%～3%的分散兰S-3BG废液,经聚砜中空纤维膜超滤处理,在水流线速度为0.2m/s,压力为0.1MPa以下,流出废水呈微蓝色,ρ(CODCr)100mg/L以下,可直接排放。截留污水内含染料12%左右,经喷雾干燥后直接回用,染料回收率100%。超滤膜运行50～80min经水冲洗后,可恢复正常使用。     

四合一压滤机处理氨Ⅱ泥新工艺的研究

联碱生产中采用四合一压滤机处理氨Ⅱ泥,将物料的浓缩、脱水、洗涤与干燥等单元操作集成到一台设备上完成。通过工艺优化,处理后的氨Ⅱ泥含水率降至2%以下,游离氨含量降至0.08%以下,固定铵含量降至0.15%以下,氯化钠含量降至0.2%以下,颜色由黑色变为土黄色,无刺激性气味。该工艺设备少、占地小、投资省、操作简单,处理过程绿色环保,可将氨Ⅱ泥中的有用成分进行回收利用,最大程度地减少了资源浪费,每年可减排氨Ⅱ泥70%以上。     

掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰高性能混凝土抗冻性试验研究

以Ⅱ级粉煤灰作为超细掺合料掺入到混凝土中,研究在不同水胶比、不同掺量情况下混凝土的抗冻性能。通过试验研究发现：在水胶比0.35以上时,当混凝土中不掺加引气剂,掺粉煤灰的混凝土均不能抵抗200次的冻融循环作用;当水胶比低于0.30及其以下时,粉煤灰掺量在30%以下,混凝土具有良好的抗冻性能,可抵抗200次的冻融循环作用。当混凝土中掺加引气剂,水胶比在0.40及其以下,粉煤灰掺量在50%以下时,混凝土具有良好的抗冻性能,可抵抗200次的冻融循环作用。     

钾肥和有机肥对油荬菜产量及商品品质的影响

试验结果表明 ,土壤缺钾是该试验的主要养分限制因子之一 ;在NP基础上施钾肥增产 5 5 0 6 % ;有机无机肥料配合施用 ,比单施有机肥增产 4 5 0 1% ,比单施化肥仅增产 3 88% ,并可提高油荬菜的商品质量 ;化肥的利用率为 6 2 11% ,钾肥的利用率为 77 90 %。     

Uptake of fluids by boreal wood chips: Implications for bioenergy

As part of a long term study of pipeline transport of wood chips for bioenergy applications, we have determined the uptake of two fluids by hardwood and softwood chips from the boreal forest. Water or oil would be the likely carrier fluids in pipelining wood chips for ultimate use as bioenergy (e.g. any of combustion, gasification, pyrolysis to form bio-oil, or fermentation to ethanol). Uptake of water and a heavy gas oil by spruce and aspen poplar wood chips has been measured as a function of immersion time. One unit (mass) of spruce wood chips with an initial moisture level of 53% (wet basis, all percentages expressed as mass %) immersed in water for 48 h absorbs an additional 0.52 units of water to reach a moisture level of 69%, initial water uptake is rapid, with a subsequent very slow increase with time; equilibrium does not appear to have been reached. One unit of spruce chips immersed in heavy gas oil for 48 h absorbs 0.41 units of heavy gas oil to reach an oil content of 29%; uptake of oil is slower than water, and has not reached an equilibrium. Similar figures for aspen poplar are an initial moisture level of 45%, an uptake of an additional 0.57 units of water to reach a moisture level of 65%, and an uptake of 0.51 units of oil to reach an oil content of 34%. For both oil and water, draining in excess of one hour does not reduce the measured uptake of water or oil. The moisture level in wood chips after immersion is not affected by the initial moisture level in the chip; lost water due to drying is quickly reabsorbed. Oil uptake is significantly higher in wood chips that have a lower initial moisture content.     

Theoretical modeling of a reactor for washing gas out of hydrates

A theoretical model is proposed for washing gas out of a hydrate by means of warm water in a continuous countercurrent vertical tubular reactor. It is shown that an increase in pressure from 2 to 5 MPa leads to an increase in the height of the reactor by approximately 5–7%. It is found that the height of the reactor varies in the interval of 1.5–18 m with a change in the initial radius of hydrate particles in the range of 0.01–0.05 cm. It is shown that the height of the reactor decreases by more than 20% with a change in the initial temperature of injected water from 300 to 320 K and it decreases by approximately 80% with an increase in the radius of the reactor from 1 to 5 m. An increase in the mass flow rate of the hydrate by 30% leads to an increase in the height of the plant by 20%.     

NOTE ON THE VAPOR ABSORPTION OF A FIRED EARTHENWARE BODY1

Specimens of an earthenware body fired at three temperatures were placed over a 10% sulphuric acid solution for 36 days and the gain in weight determined. Up to a certain limit of porosity the absorption is proportional to the porosity, but the body with the highest absorption, 20.25% took up a relatively higher amount of water. With an absorption of 8.81%, the maximum amount of water vapor taken up was 0.13%. With 10.8% absorption the water vapor taken up was 0.16 and with 20.25% absorption it reached 0.54%.     

塑料助剂产业前景看好(二)

2006年我国热稳定剂总产量约30万t,同比增长9.3%。钙/锌复合稳定剂的产量增长很快,产量和表观消费量分别增长50%和33%。钙/锌复合稳定剂是较为理想的环保型热稳定剂,应集中力量研究其最佳复合配方和完善制备工艺。全世界的阻燃剂消费量已超过120万t,我国将以10%的速度快速增长。磷系阻燃剂是很有发展前途的阻燃剂品种。     

Glycerol dehydroxylation in hydrogen on a Raney cobalt catalyst

Glycerol dehydroxylation on a Raney cobalt catalyst in hydrogen was studied. It was found that with an increase in temperature from 140 to 200°C at a hydrogen pressure of 30 MPa, glycerol conversion increases from 14 to 97%. The glycerol is completely converted in 20 h, and the yield of 1,2-propanediol is 40%. With an increase in H₂ pressure from 3 to 8 MPa, the glycerol conversion increases from 34 to 95%, and the yield of 1,2-propanediol increases from 18 to 38%. The maximum yield of 1,2-propanediol is 44% at 200°C and a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. The glycerol dehydroxylation in hydrogen on heterogeneous catalysts can be considered a promising method of glycerol conversion when glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel manufacture from vegetable oil and animal fats.     

Effect of the boiling and decanting method of Khesari (Lathyrus sativus) detoxification, on changes in selected nutrients

It is a well-known fact that the legume Khesari (Lathyrus sativus) causes lathyrism, a disease characterized by paralysis of the lower limbs in human beings. The toxic constituent is an amino acid identified as B-Oxalyl-Amino L-Alanine (BOAA). It has been reported that if the legume is boiled for two hours and the water is then decanted, almost 85% of the toxic amino acid is eliminated. Therefore, this investigation constitutes an effort to prevent the loss of other nutrients, simultaneously to the elimination of toxicity. As has been observed, as much as half the protein content, as well as 80.36% total sugars, 63.13% reducing sugars, 86.05% amino acids, and all thiamine, riboflavin and niacin are lost from dahl (dehulled, separated cotyledons), while the respective losses from the whole seeds are 47.25%, 45.73%, 74.69% and 80.00%, and all vitamins, in just a one-hour treatment. The losses of the toxic amino acid from dahl and whole seeds are 71.46% and 68.74%, respectively. The data for losses occurring in the two-hour and three-hour treatment are also described.     

Cephalaria syriaca seed oil

Cephalaria syriaca shrad., in Turkish pelemir, grows predominantly in the southeastern district of Turkey as a weed in cereal fields. Pelemir seeds are sometimes used for extraction of their oil, as an improver of baking value of wheat, and as an antistaling agent for bread. The seeds contain 7.8% moisture; their chemical composition on a dry basis is: crude fat, 25.3%, crude protein, 15.9%; N-free extract, 40.4%; crude fiber, 11.9%; crude ash, 6.5%. Characteristics of the seed oil are: specific gravity at 25 C, 0.9229; refractive index at 25 C, 1.4706; saponification value, 192; iodine value, 88.4; thiocyanogen value, 58.8; Reichert-Meissl value, 0.36; Polenske value, 0.25; unsaponifiable matter, 1.24%; hydroxyl value, 20.9. The fatty acid components are: lauric acid, 1.5%; myristic acid, 19.5%; palmitic acid, 9.4%; stearic acid, 2%; oleic acid, 23.0%; linoleic acid, 36.9%. The chemical composition of extracted cakes on a dry basis is: crude protein, 20.4%; crude fat, 0.8%; N-free extract, 50.5%; crude ash, 6.4%; crude fiber; 14.4%%; saponin, 7.5%. The oil contains 7.8% epoxy acid, calculated as epoxy oleic acid, which makes its use as an edible oil rather difficult but renders it usable in industries using epoxidized oils. Due to its high content of myristic acid, the oil is very suitable for soapmaking as well.     

Analysis of geometric characteristics of GGBS particles and their influences on cement properties

This paper presents an investigation into the geometric characteristics of different ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), including particle size distribution (PSD), shape and their influences on cement properties. Samples of GGBS with different PSDs are prepared using in three processing approaches, a ball mill, an airflow mill and a vibromill. The morphology of GGBS and the PSD is studied, respectively, with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and laser particle analyzer (LPA). The results indicate that the PSD of GGBS processed by an airflow mill is concentrated on a narrow range, whereas the size of GGBS made by a ball mill are distributed in a large range. The morphology of GGBS processed by a vibromill is mostly spherical and its surface is very smooth. The results also show that when GGBS has a similar surface area, the strengths of cement mortar, in which 50% cement is replaced by GGBS, are related to PSD of the GGBS. The early strength of sample containing GGBS processed by a ball mill is higher than that by an airflow mill, whereas the long-term strength of this mix is lower. When 0.05% ZS grinding assistant agent is added into the ball mill, the output of the ball mill increases by 18%, the fluidity of mortar containing GGBS is greatly improved and the fluidity ratio reaches to 106. Strengths of the mortars, consisting of 50% cement and 50% GGBS with and without grinding assistant agent, are similar.     

Herstellung von styrol-butadien-copolymerdispersionen mit einem speziellen emulgator-initiator-system

A special emulsifier-initiator-system, consisting of a nonionic emulsifier, a small amount of an anionic emulsifier and a large quantity of persulfate, is used for the preparation of poly(styrene-butadiene) dispersions. The particle size is determined by the persulfate and the comonomers in addition to the anionic emulsifier. Acrylamide yields dispersions with the smallest particles. The nonionic emulsifier has an appreciable effect on the particle size only in the absence of the above components. In none of the instances investigated the dependence of the number of particles on the anionic emulsifier corresponds to the Smith-Ewart-theory. It is assumed that the primary particles originate in the aqueous solution and that they consecutively agglomerate. This agglomeration is indicated by the strong dependence of the particle size on the persulfate concentration and on the phase ratio. The nucleation stage is completed at a conversion of 1?2%. The particle growth stage is completed at a conversion of 15?30%, depending on the type of nonionic stabilizer used, at a conversion of 15?18% when using polyethyleneoxide. A high monodispersity is a precondition for the linear conversion-time dependence up to high conversions. The decreasing monomer concentration at a conversion of 30% is equalized by a gel effect leading to linear time-conversion plots. In the absence of a modifier one can see an acceleration at a conversion of some 35% which can be explained by an enhanced gel effect within the homogeneous particles.