Application of Microwave Technology for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

The microwave technology was introduced for the desulfurization of diesel fuel. The atmospheric second side-cut diesel fraction, which was supplied by Liaohe Petrochemical Company, was desulfurized by an oxidation process under microwave irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H202), can oxidize the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel selectively and convert them into sulfones. Based on the rule of dissolution by similar substances,these sulfones are removed from diesel fuel because they could be dissolved in solvent phase. So the sulfur content of diesel fuel is decreased. The influence of the concentration of oxidizing reagent, solvent phase to oil phase volume ratio (S/O), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, and the irradiation power have been investigated.The optimum conditions for the refining process was determined. The sulfur removal rate was 59.7% under the optimum conditions of 8%H2O2, S/O=0.25, 0.05MPa, 6 min, and 375W, respectively. When no microwave irradiation was applied, the removal rate was 11.5% only.     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M_p/M_T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

微波辐射柴油脱酸精制

介绍了一种新的柴油脱酸精制方法——微波辐射法。考察了精制过程中的最佳实验条件。在V(Diesel)=0．25、反应体系压力0．05MPa、恒压辐射时间5mm、微波辐射功率375W、静置时间25min的条件下，可将柴油的酸度由90．7mgKOH／100m1降至3．99mgKOH／100ml，达到国家标准GB252-93的优质柴油质量要求(酸度小于5mgKOH／100m1)。该精制过程对柴油性能无影响，回收率达到99．7％；同时副产环烷酸，其粗酸值为182．5mgKOH/g。中性油含量为34．2％。该精制过程省时、耗电量小，预期对环境友好。     

Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil by Microwave Irradiation

Abstract

Microwave technology is introduced for removal of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid with microwave irradiation. It was observed that the separation percentage changed with the dosage of alkali compound solvent, irradiation pressure, irradiation time, irradiation power, settling time, and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S). The removal rate of naphthenic acid was maximum when the optimum conditions were suggested to be M _p /M _T = 1.5, 0.05 MPa, 6 min, 375 W, 25 min, and O/S = 10, respectively.     

Microwave Demulsification in Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil

Emulsification is an undesired phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali-washing electro-refining. In this article, a novel microwave method is applied for demulsification in the removing of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of interface zeta-potential and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results exhibited that the demulsification rate is maximized when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure for Anshan and Liaohe diesel oil are deemed to be 375 W, 5/6 min and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

Microwave Demulsification in Removing Naphthenic Acids from Diesel Oil

Abstract

Emulsification is an undesired phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali-washing electro-refining. In this article, a novel microwave method is applied for demulsification in the removing of naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of interface zeta-potential and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results exhibited that the demulsification rate is maximized when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure for Anshan and Liaohe diesel oil are deemed to be 375 W, 5/6 min and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

减二线馏分油微波辐射脱酸新方法的研究

以NaOH与去离子水为复合溶剂用微波辐射法对江苏减二线馏分油进行了脱酸精制研究。得到的最佳精制条件为 :V(复合溶剂 )∶V(油 ) =0 .2 2∶1、压力 0 .0 9MPa、恒压辐射时间 4min、微波功率 375W、静置时间 2 5min。馏分油的酸值 (KOH)由 0 .5 7mg/ g降至 0 .0 4 81mg/ g ,馏分油回收率为 99.3%。     

Use of Application Microwave Technology for Demulsification of Diesel Oil During Refining

Emulsification is an unwanted phenomenon in the refining of highly acidic oil by alkali washing electrorefining. In this work, a novel microwave demulsification method is applied in the removing of naphthenic acid. The internal heating is attributed to molecular rotation and ionic conduction. The decrease of Zeta-potential of interface and the viscosity of diesel oil are responsible for the acceleration of separation of naphthenic acid and demulsification with microwave irradiation. The results show that both the separation efficiency and the demulsification rate are maximum when the optimum microwave irradiation power, exposure time, and irradiation pressure are deemed to be 375 W, 5 min, and 0.05 MPa, respectively.     

高酸度柴油微波辐射精制的研究

介绍了微波辐射法柴油脱酸的原理。采用正交设计法确定柴油微波脱酸的最佳工艺条件,研究了各因素对脱酸效果的影响。在最佳工艺条件下:碱性溶剂用量为理论用量的1.4倍,剂油体积比0.25:1,辐射压力0.06 MPa,恒压辐射时间5 min,辐射功率300 W,可将柴油酸度(KOH)由1 704 mg／L降至23.9 mg／L,达到国家规定的GB 252-2000质量标准,柴油回收率达99.3％。该精制过程无需破乳剂,具有清洁、高效、节能的优点。     

Study on the Removal of Naphthenic Acid From Diesel Oil by Salt Under Supersonic Strengthening

The naphthenic acid in diesel oil was removed by sodium carbonate as deacidification agent under strengthening of supersonic. The influence of affect factors about treating conditions on the acid removal of diesel oil was investigated, such as ultrasonic frequency, volume ratio of sodium carbonate solution to oil (VRSO), ultrasonic work function, and ultrasonic strengthening time. Orthogonal tests were done to confirm the optimum process condition. The results showed that the optimum condition was that ultrasonic frequency was 28 KHz, VRSO was 0.30, ultrasonic work function was 350 W, and ultrasonic strengthening time was 6 min. Under this optimum condition, acidity of diesel oil was reduced to 4.88 mgKOH/100 mL from 135.52 mgKOH/100 mL, and deacidification rate of naphthenic acid reached 96.4%.     

A Study on Removing Naphthenic Acid From Diesel Oil by Salt

Abstract

Sodium carbonate as deacidification agent was used to remove naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The influence of affect factors about treating conditions on the acid removal of diesel oil was investigated, such as volume ratio of deacidification agent-to-oil (VRDO), reaction temperature, stirring time, and resting time. Orthogonal tests were done to conform the optimum process condition. The results showed that the optimum condition is that VRDO was 0.40, reaction temperature was 330 K, stirring time was 6 min, and resting time was 35 min. Under the optimum condition, acidity of diesel oil was reduced to 5.15 mgKOH/100 mL from 135.52 mgKOH/100 mL, and if deacidification rate of naphthenic acid reached 96.8%, diesel oil recovery could reach 92.6%. The quality index of diesel met the national standard.     

采用碱性白土脱除直馏柴油环烷酸的工艺研究

采用湿法将氢氧化钙负载于活性白土上制备了碱性白土,再使用碱性白土脱除直馏柴油中环烷酸.考察了脱酸温度、脱酸时间、碱性白土用量及柴油酸度对脱酸效果的影响,并采用二次逆流脱酸工艺.结果表明,当柴油酸度为34 mgKOH/100 mL时,在60℃下,碱性白土用量为每升柴油8.3 g,脱酸60 min,柴油酸度可降至2.03 ...     

外加磁场对催化裂化柴油氧化脱硫作用的研究

以石油醚为溶剂,二苯并噻吩为模型硫化物,配制成模拟油,在螺线管磁场中对油品进行氧化脱硫实验。结果表明,在外加磁场作用下,以30%过氧化氢为氧化剂,当电流强度为11 A、剂油比3.0、反应温度0 ℃、反应时间60 min时,模拟油中的硫含量可以从1 000μg/g降至118 μg/g。对于硫含量为5 647μg/g的催化裂化柴油（25 mL）,在氧化剂过氧化氢（30%）用量5 mL、反应时间60 min、反应温度0 ℃、螺线管电流强度为11 A的条件下,催化裂化柴油的平均脱硫率为70.3%;而无磁场时催化裂化柴油的平均脱硫率为67.2%。     

聚乙烯胺用于直馏柴油脱酸的实验研究

采用以聚乙烯胺（PVAm）作主剂的脱酸剂对直馏柴油进行了脱酸实验,并考察了柴油脱酸过程中主要因素的影响。结果表明,在脱酸剂中PVAm与原料油中环烷酸的摩尔比为5.0、剂油体积比为0.02、反应温度和相分离温度均为50℃、反应时间20s、相分离时间为60min、萃取级数为3的操作条件下,脱酸剂可将苏丹柴油酸度从102.7 mgKOH/（100mL）降至6.0 mgKOH/（100mL）,脱酸率高达94.2%,精制油收率达到99.6%,精制油质量达到GB 252－2000产品质量指标。脱酸剂经高温水解再生,可以重复使用。此脱酸剂用于直馏柴油脱酸具有脱酸剂用量小、可循环利用、再生能耗低、绿色环保等优点。     

Hydroconversion of rosin acids in the presence of Pt-containing Al–HMS mesoporous aluminosilicate

The hydroconversion of a mixture of rosin acids over a Pt-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyst has been studied. It has been shown that in a temperature range of 300–350°C at pressures of 30–50 atm and a feedstock/catalyst weight ratio of 20/1, rosin acids undergo complete decarboxylation to form naphthenic and naphthene-aromatic hydrocarbons. Under optimum process conditions, the yield of diesel fuel hydrocarbons is more than 85%. The resulting fraction can be used as a fuel component.     

室温下馏分油聚结过滤脱酸技术的实验研究

研究了室温下馏分油脱酸剂技术的脱酸效果。考察了聚结过滤温度（T）、碱用量（R1）、剂油体积比（R2）、搅拌强度（Ф）、反应时间（t）等因素对聚结过滤脱酸效果的影响。结果表明,该方法在T为室温、R1=1.0、R2=2.0%、Ф=300r/min、t=40s的实验条件下,精制后的直馏柴油酸度为0.2mgKOH/（100mL）,收率为99.8%,且操作弹性大。室温下聚结过滤法碱渣油含量较传统碱洗电精制法、脱酸剂技术Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型均有显著降低,回收的环烷酸产品粗酸值高,油含量低。取消了高压电场,采用室温聚结过滤,脱酸工艺大大简化,避免了高温乳化和高温水解,操作成本和脱酸能耗大大降低。     

兼产喷气燃料和重整原料MHUG技术的工业应用

介绍了MHUG技术用于加工低十六烷值的环烷基柴油原料,兼产部分喷气燃料和重整原料及高十六烷值柴油产品的中试结果以及该技术在中海石油炼化有限责任公司炼油分公司3.6 Mt/a大型工业装置上的运转情况。从工业应用结果来看,在较缓和的工艺条件下,MHUG技术加工低十六烷值的环烷基柴油原料可生产满足欧Ⅴ排放标准的优质柴油及3号喷气燃料和高芳烃潜含量重整原料。     

微波固体碱法制备生物柴油

研究了微波辐射下,采用KNO3/Al2O3固体碱催化剂,大豆油和甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:KNO3的负载量(质量分数)35%,700℃下焙烧5h。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和Hammett滴定对催化剂进行了表征。表征结果显示,KNO3在Al2O3表面分散形成的Al—O—K物种和KNO3高温分解产物K2O为反应提供了活性位。该反应的优化工艺参数:微波输出功率360W,反应时间35min,催化剂质量分数6.0%,甲醇与大豆油的摩尔比13。在该条件下,大豆油的转化率达到97.5%。与水浴加热方式相比,采用微波辐射加热方式,反应时间明显缩短,能耗减少。     

微波诱导催化合成四乙酰乙二胺的初步研究

在微波辐射下，以乙二胺、乙酸、乙酸酐为原料，用不同催化剂(硫酸、磷酸、氯化铝)，常压合成出了四乙酰乙二胺。对微波功率、辐射时间、催化剂种类进行了正交实验，数据表明最佳反应条件为：n(乙二胺)：n(乙酸)：n(乙酸酐)=l：2．5：4，第一步合成二乙酰乙二胺，微波功率680W、加热8min，用氯化铝为催化剂；第二步合成四乙酰乙二胺，微波功率580W，加热180min，用磷酸为催化剂。优化再现实验表明，DAED、TAED产率分别在96％、56．14％左右。与传统工艺相比，反应时间缩短，产率有所提高，产品色泽较好。     

柴油纤维液膜碱洗脱酸精制技术工业试验研究

克拉玛依石化分公司的50 m3/h常压柴油碱洗脱酸精制装置采用了以纤维液膜反应器为核心设备的新型脱酸技术,工业试验结果表明,经过该工艺处理,柴油酸度全部达标,碱渣中柴油质量分数小于4%。对试验过程中出现的水溶性碱超标问题进行的理论分析认为,柴油中水溶性碱超标的原因主要是由于小液滴的分散造成的,并在流态试验装置上得到了验证,为工业化装置提供了经验。