纳米SiO_2复合聚电解质的制备及电化学性能

以聚环氧乙烷/高氯酸锂络合物(PEO/LiClO4)为基体,前驱体正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在基体中水解缩合原位生成纳米SiO2,制备了PEO/LiClO4/SiO2复合聚电解质膜,采用AFM、DSC和交流阻抗等方法研究了聚电解质膜的表面形貌、热性能和离子电导率。结果表明,原位生成的纳米SiO2粒子,均匀分散于PEO基体中。复合纳米SiO2后聚电解质膜的玻璃化转变温度和结晶度均降低。聚电解质膜的离子导电行为满足Arrhenius方程,并在10%SiO2含量时体系的电导率出现最大值2.6×10-5S/cm(30℃)。以此膜为电解质组装的全固态聚合物锂电池放电电压平稳,初始放电比容量为115mAh·g-1,40次循环后放电容量保持在92mAh·g-1。     

30Cr2Ni4MoV钢的奥氏体化动力学

研究了30Cr2Ni4MoV低压转子用钢加热过程中的连续相变动力学与等温相变动力学.在测定该钢在0.008～20 K/s加热速率下奥氏体化膨胀曲线的基础上,运用Kissinger方法对实验数据进行基于非等温相变Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(J-M-A)模型的动力学分析,确定了模型中的参数:奥氏体化相变激活能Q约为2.367×106 J/mol,J-M-A指数n约为0.2448,指前因子Ink0约为270.5.根据这些参数和J-M-A方程可进而获得等温奥氏体化相变动力学曲线.结果表明,非等温连续相变动力学曲线中包含等温相变动力学信息.对由于孕育期极短而难以准确测定的等温相变动力学曲线,从连续转变动力学数据抽取得到是一种可行而有效的方法.     

非晶态Ni_(55)Nb_(35)Si_(10)合金的非等温纳米结晶动力学（英文）

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究机械合金化制备的Ni_(55)Nb_(35)Si_(10)非晶合金的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,该非晶合金在加热过程中表现出单级结晶,导致非晶态基体中形成金属间化合物纳米晶体。由基辛格方程确定的合金结晶表观活化能较高(468 k J/mol),说明该非晶合金具有较高的热稳定性。采用等转换法对结晶过程中活化能的变化进行研究,活化能从结晶开始一直缓慢降低至结晶分数α=0.35,然后几乎保持不变直至结晶结束。通过测定Avrami指数,解释非晶合金非等温结晶的纳米结晶机理。透射电镜研究表明,在退火过程中通过纳米结晶可对非晶态合金进行微观结构调控。成核速率随时间的延长而减小,结晶机理主要受三维扩散控制生长支配。在Sestak-Berggren自催化模型的基础上,得到定量描述非等温结晶动力学的预测方程。     

PEO-LiClO4-SiO2复合型聚合物电解质

用KH560硅烷偶联剂对纳米级SiO2粒子的表面进行了改性.并用改性后的SiO2添加到PEO和LiClO4中制备了复合型聚合物电解质.研究了该复合型聚合物电解质的热、电以及机械性能.与未改性的SiO2相比,硅烷改性的SiO2能有效提高(PEO)16LiClO4的离子电导率,同时机械性能也有明显的提高.     

Sol-gel法制备纳米TiO2锐钛矿相的晶化动力学

采用Sol-gel技术制备了纳米级锐钛矿TiO2，并在300～450℃之间发生了非晶向纳米晶的转变，运用非等温结晶过程的计算原理经过数学变换，计算了Avrami指数n、晶化激活能E、晶粒长大维数m和晶粒长大激活能Q等动力学参数。结果表明，在非晶向纳米晶的转变过程中，纳米晶体的特殊结构m对应着独特的动力学性质。     

镍基非晶态合金晶化过程的研究

本文研究了非晶态Ni_(83)Cr_7Fe_3Si_4B_3合金在动态加热及等温热处理条件下的晶化过程。结果表明,对于动态加热及等温热处理两种情况,镍基非晶态合金的晶化过程相同,结晶相没有发生变化。但是,在动态加热条件下,初始晶化主要是成核结晶,而在等温热处理晶化过程中晶粒长大起主要作用。     

ON THE CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMORPHOUS Ni-BASE ALLOY

本文研究了非晶态Ni_(83)Cr_7Fe_3Si_4B_3合金在动态加热及等温热处理条件下的晶化过程。结果表明,对于动态加热及等温热处理两种情况,镍基非晶态合金的晶化过程相同,结晶相没有发生变化。但是,在动态加热条件下,初始晶化主要是成核结晶,而在等温热处理晶化过程中晶粒长大起主要作用。     

40Cr钢等温转变曲线与非等温冷却过程数值分析

建立连续冷却过程多相转变模型,并实现了对冷却过程中各相转变量的数值预测。用传统叠加模型和Cahn微分模型分别对40Cr钢连续冷却过程中组织分布进行了模拟计算,结果表明,考虑动力学参数n随温度变化的相变动力学微分方程计算结果与实际结果更为接近。为分析晶粒尺寸对相变过程的影响,结合不同奥氏体化温度下的等温膨胀实验,讨论了考虑晶粒尺寸时的相变动力学模型的应用范围,不同晶粒度下的相变参数n相同时,模型才能准确反应实际相变过程。     

60Si2Mn钢半固态初生相形成与演变机制

对等温和降温连续搅拌下60Si2Mn初生凝固组织形成与演变规律进行了实验研究。结果表明：等温和降温两种搅拌工艺可使初生奥氏体组织枝晶形态演变球化。等温温度越高，初生组球化效果越好；采用较长的连续搅拌时间，初生相可得到充分球化；连续降温搅拌到一定固相分数时晶粒尺寸变化较；采用降温连续搅拌工艺可获得较小的球形晶粒尺寸。电磁搅拌改变了初生晶粒生核或生长的热力学和动力学条件，从而使初生相的界面形态经历了由球形失稳后转变为结晶，又经过抑制，熔断，重熔，粗化，聚集而转变赤近球形的演变过程。抑制和粗化是促使晶粒界面形态发生演变的主要动力学因素。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金半固态等温组织粗化研究

采用半固态等温热处理方法,研究了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在加热到两相区温度等温保温过程中的组织粗化规律。回归拟合结果表明,α(Al)晶粒平均直径与等温时间近似满足方程：,粗化速率系数K随等温温度升高而增大,其在610和620 ℃下对应的值分别为14811.4和17836.3 μm4/s。实验合金组织的多边化、球化和粗化现象是同时发生的,组织粗化以晶粒合并长大和Ostwald熟化的方式进行。等温前期粗化以合并为主,但随着晶间液相增多,合并变得困难,导致等温后期粗化速率下降     

锂离子电池用聚合物电解质的制备与性能研究

通过原位复合法制备了PEO/LiClO4/SiO2聚电解质膜,采用TEM、XRD、交流阻抗法和充放电测试等研究了粒子的分布状态、聚合物电解质膜的结晶行为及组装成电池的充放电行为。结果表明,原位生成的SiO2粒子分布均匀,抑制了聚合物电解质的结晶,以此膜为电解质组装的全固态聚合物锂电池首次充电电压平台在4.2V左右,放电中值电压为3.6V,初始充电比容量为130mAh·g-1,50次循环后放电容量保持在84mAh·g-1。     

无机填料对高分子固体电解质与金属铝键合性能的影响

阳极键合技术是一种在MEMS封装技术中常用的一种方法,目前仅可实现玻璃与金属、玻璃与半导体材料的键合;试验采用聚氧乙烯(PEO)为基质,复配少量纳米无机填料,制备出新型的固态复合聚合物电解质作为新的阳极键合材料,通过采用DSC和XRD等分析手段研究PEO与无机填料的相互作用及导电机制,进而探讨聚合物固体电解质作为新型的封装材料在阳极键合应用中的可行性. 结果表明,无机填料的加入有效的抑制了PEO 的结晶,使得键合界面过渡层明显,键合质量良好.     

Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层的等温晶化动力学研究

采用金刚石作为复合粒子制备了Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层,通过引入晶化方式指数的概念,研究了Ni-P镀层和Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层的等温晶化过程的形核和长大动力学。结果表明,在相同温度下,Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层开始晶化所需时间比Ni-P镀层的少,但其晶化过程进行较为缓慢,完成晶化所需时间较长。说明金刚石的存在有利于晶化过程的开始,但对晶化的进行过程又有阻碍作用。Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层与Ni-P镀层两者的晶化机制是一样的,Ni-P-金刚石复合镀层的晶化方式指数为2．87,Ni-P镀层晶化方式指数为2．91。     

Effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr—Fe—B amorphous alloys

The effects of Zr on crystallization kinetics of Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloys have been investigated by DTA and XRD methods.It was found that for Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=0,1,2)amorphous alloys,the final crystallized mixture is α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B,and the metastable Pr2Fe23B3 phase occurs during crystallization of Pr8Fe86B6 amorphous alloy,not during crystallization of Pr8Fe86-xZrxB6(x=1,2)amorphous alloys,By analyzing the activation energy of crystallization,the formation of an α-Fe/Pr2Fe14B composite microstructure with a coarse grain size in annealed Pr8Fe86B6 alloy,is attributed to a difficult nucleation and an easy growth for both the α-Fe and Pr2Fe14B in the alloy.The addition of Zr can be used to change the crystallization behavior of the α-Fe phase in Pr-Fe-B amorphous alloy,which is helpful to reduce the grain size for the α-Fe phase.     

PEO对固态锂电池正极/电解质界面的改性

在固态锂电池正极/氧化物电解质界面处引入聚氧化乙烯(PEO)缓冲层以改善固体接触。首先,用热压烧结法制备了密度为5.25 g·cm-3、锂离子电导率为8.33×10-4S·cm-4的Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12(LLZTO)固体电解质。其次,配制了PEO-LiTFSI-LLZTO缓冲层和LiFePO4复合正极浆料,用匀胶机旋涂法将PEO缓冲层和复合正极浆料依次涂覆在电解质表面,加热加压后显著改善界面接触,测得60℃下正极界面电阻值为509Ω·cm2。测试对称电池充/放电曲线证明界面稳定性良好,电池首次循环放电容量145.8 mAh·g-1,库伦效率大于97%。     

非晶态Pd—Cu—Si合金的晶化动力学研究

本文应用DSC研究了非晶态Pd-Cu-Si合金的晶化过程动力学.根据Kissinger峰移法和Arrhenius方程分别计算了晶化激活能,发现等温晶化动力学在0.15相似文献   

Effect of fabrication method on the aging behavior of 6061 Al matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers

Age hardening behaviors of SiC whisker reinforced composites with 6061 Al matrix fabricated by P.M. (powder metallurgy) and squeeze casting were investigated to examine the effect of the fabrication method on the aging kinetics. In the squeeze cast composite, numorous triangular particles which is believed to be MgAlp₂O₄ were observed at Al/SiC interfaces whereas no visible interface particles were observed in the P. M. composite. P.M. composite showed faster age hardening and reached the maximum hardness earler than the squeeze cast composites. The decrease of the aging kinetics in squeeze cast 6061 Al matrix composites compared to that in P.M. composites is thought to result from more severe depletion of Mg atoms due to interfacial reactions in squeeze cast composites. The uniformity of whisker distribution is suggested to influence the general aging behavior through its effect on the local dislocation density. Data on the aging kinetics and the interfacial reactions in other Al alloys were also examined to study various factors which can influence the aging kinetics.     

Characterization of Microstructure and Wear Resistance of PEO Coatings Containing Various Microparticles on Ti6Al4V Alloy

Titania-based composite coatings were prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of Ti6Al4V alloy in electrolyte with α-Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ or h-BN microparticles in suspension. The microstructure, composition of PEO composite coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD. The wear resistance of composite ceramic coatings was studied by ball-on-disk wear test at ambient temperature and 300 °C. The results showed that the addition of microparticles accelerated the growth rate of PEO coating and changed the microstructure and composition of PEO coating. PEO coating was porous and mainly composed of rutile-TiO₂, anatase-TiO₂ and Al₂TiO₅. PEO/α-Al₂O₃ (Cr₂O₃ or h-BN) composite coating only had small micropores and appeared some α-Al₂O₃ (Cr₂O₃ or h-BN) phase. Besides, the addition of α-Al₂O₃ (Cr₂O₃ or h-BN) microparticles greatly improved the wear resistance of PEO coating. At ambient temperature, abrasive wear dominated the wear behavior of PEO coating, but abrasive wear and adhesive peel simultaneously happened at 300 °C. Whether at ambient temperature or 300 °C, PEO composite coating had better wear resistance than PEO coating. Besides, PEO/h-BN composite coating outperformed other composite coatings regardless of the temperature.     

Enhancement of Ti-Cr-V BCC alloys on the dehydrogenation kinetics of Li-Mg-N-H hydrogen storage materials

The hydrogen storage properties of a Li-Mg-N-H material doped by a 4 mol.% Ti₃Cr₃V₄ body centre cubic (BCC) alloy hydride and prepared with a ball-milling method were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Sievert’s technology test. The results show that the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy hydride/Li-Mg-N-H composite has good reversible hydrogen storage properties. The dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system can be greatly improved by doping the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy hydride. The composite desorbed 4.1 wt.% hydrogen in the first 60 min at 473 K under 0.1 MPa pressure, but when without the BCC alloy addition, only 3.0 wt.% hydrogen was desorbed under the same dehydrogenation condition. It can be deduced that the Ti₃Cr₃V₄ BCC alloy uniformly distributed in the Li-Mg-N-H substrate could decrease the activating energy of hydrogen molecules to H atoms and increase H diffusion paths in the composite, enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics of the Li-Mg-N-H system.