北斗高精度智能交通系统的设计及测试

北斗卫星导航系统是中国自行研制的全球卫星导航系统,也是继GPS、GLONASS之后的第三个成熟的卫星导航系统。中国软件评测中心通过实施基于北斗高精度导航定位的智能交通应用示范项目,开发出了由中心服务子系统、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)基准站子系统、车载终端子系统和人员终端子系统构成的北斗高精度导航定位系统,以及与校车应用场景相配套的路径规划算法和联合定位算法,演示系统在泰国进行了部署与测试,对其电子围栏、实时轨迹、轨迹回放功能进行了验证,并对其车载终端单点定位精度、RTK定位精度、车载终端速度精度、人员终端单点定位精度、人员终端伪距差分精度等关键性能指标开展了测试,测试结果进一步验证了北斗高精度智能交通系统在国内外的应用可行性。     

北斗/DR组合导航融合算法及其在物流中的应用

介绍了我国自主研制的北斗卫星导航定位系统.针对该导航定位系统中存在的问题,以无惯性测量元件的DR作为其补充定位方式,设计了北斗/DR组合导航定位系统,并找出了一种组合导航定位的卡尔曼滤波算法,有效地提高了组合导航系统的定位精度.提出了将北斗/DR组合定位系统应用于现代物流管理信息系统的解决方案,分析了将北斗定位系统应用于现代物流管理的优势.     

基于粒子群优化的北斗多星定位方法

北斗卫星导航系统是我国自主建设运行的卫星系统,向全球用户提供高精度定位服务是其重要功能之一。为提高北斗系统的定位精度,一类可行的方法是伪距定位算法。针对常见的伪距算法存在依赖模型、计算复杂等问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化的北斗卫星定位方法。首先筛选出大气折射误差大、对定位贡献小的冗余卫星,由此获取多颗可利用的北斗卫星;在此基础上,研究粒子群的初始群体和适应度函数,通过粒子群算法得到优化后的接收机位置。实验结果表明,该方法可以快速搜索出优化的位置;与常用的最大四面体法解算出的接收机位置相比较,定位精度可提高大约1.5 m。     

基于北斗卫星的GPS轨迹数据异常双频定位方法

当前GPS轨迹定位方法均采用单频定位,在数据异常情况下不能保障定位精度,故此提出一种基于北斗卫星的GPS轨迹数据双频定位方法研究。先基于北斗卫星的定位原理建立用于空间几何距离测量和地面监测点精准定位的数学模型,并确定出伪距和载波相位的观测值的权重;利用北斗卫星确定出标的物的空间几何距离,及空间位置信息;由于定位系统本身及大气电离层的影响,得到空间定位信息内包含有误差项,基于北斗卫星系统可以修正GPS轨迹误差项和异常数据,实现对标的物位置信息的精准定位。测试数据表明提出定位方法的精度更高,综合定位偏差值为0.56%,同时定位误差的均值和方差控制表现更好。     

基于北斗伪距差分与WiFi的室内外融合定位方法

针对北斗(BD)和WiFi单一系统定位精度不高和定位盲区问题,提出一种基于北斗差分与WiFi的室内外融合定位方法。根据北斗和WiFi异构网络建立多属性代价函数,优选参与定位信标及卫星组合;采用反距离加权内插的多基准站伪距差分法,修正北斗伪距方程减小空间伪距误差;构建基于接收信号强度指示(RSSI)传播模型的WiFi测距方程,并融合北斗差分伪距方程,通过泰勒迭代算法实现精确定位。实验结果表明:融合定位精度在95%的概率下优于2. 6 m,定位性能优于北斗和WiFi单独定位,有效解决了单一系统的定位缺陷和定位盲区问题,实现了室内外无缝融合精确定位,提高了定位精度和可靠性。     

北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统星座仿真分析研究

针对北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座中卫星位置不确定问题,改进并完善了正在筹建中的北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座布局,在此基础上仿真分析了我国区域性导航系统以及北斗Ⅱ卫星导航星座的多星覆盖、位置精度衰减因子(position dilution of preci-sion,PDOP),给出了覆盖性能、导航定位精度等导航星座系统性能。仿真结果表明,北斗Ⅱ卫星导航系统多星覆盖及PDOP性能相对优于GPS导航星座,尤其适用于我国及周边地区。通过对不同最低仰角下北斗II导航星座及GPS星座多星覆盖变化分析,确定了各星座多星覆盖与仰角的关系以及变化特征,为北斗II导航系统组建工作以及应用终端设计提供了依据。     

北斗卫星导航系统定位精度研究

北斗卫星导航系统,是我国为了保证国家与人民群众的安全,并且促进我国经济的发展,自主建设并独立运行的一张卫星导航系统,能够提供全天候、全天时、高精度的定位、导航服务,是我国重要空间基础设施。近年来,北斗卫星定位被广泛应用于森林防火、抗震救灾、水文监测、气象预报以及交通运输方面,已经深入了人民群众生产生活的各个方面,对社会经济发展有着重要的推动作用。本文基于北斗卫星导航系统定位原理,从时间及空间准确性方面对定位精度进行探讨。     

基于改进卡尔曼滤波的北斗GPS联合定位算法

在观测条件较差的情况下,单系统卫星可见性不佳,导航定位精度降低甚至无法定位,组合卫星导航系统增加了可见卫星数,可以改善定位结果。本文对BD2/GPS组合定位算法进行了研究,建立了联合差分定位系统在初始化阶段和解算阶段的数学模型,并将平方根平淡卡尔曼滤波算法应用于建立的联合差分定位系统,实验结果表明,该算法有效提高了卫星定位精度和稳定性。     

一种改进的组合卫星定位系统的研究

组合定位系统利用了多种卫星的资源,既保证了较高的定位精度,又可以解决在一些特定条件下,某一系统出现问题而导致定位失效的问题。文章对北斗无源定位系统以及GPS全球定位系统二者的组合进行了研究,设计并实现了一种改进的联邦卡尔曼滤波系统结构模型,通过对实际试验结果的分析表明,该系统有效抑制了滤波发散,具有定位精度高,可靠性、自主性强的优点。     

基于北斗伪卫星的近海及港口区域定位系统

本文首先分析了目前近海及港口区域定位的需求和目前定位手段的缺陷,提出一种基于北斗伪卫星的近海及港口区域定位系统,介绍了系统组成、工作原理以及各分系统的技术方案,归纳出需要解决的关键技术;最后总结了该系统的应用优势。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。