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<正>一、生物医用材料在医疗器械领域的应用1.国内外医疗器械发展状况随着科技的不断发展,人们对健康医疗事业的关注度不断提高,从世界范围来看,近几年医疗器械产业的年增长率保持在5%~8%(图1),而中国则达到了13%~15%(同期经济增长约为9%)。据相关行业协会初步估算,2008年我国医疗器械产业生产总值达到2200亿元,同比增长15%;工业销售2100亿元,同比增长15%;行业利润越过200亿元大关,同比增长15%;另外, 相似文献
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在广泛的文献调研和实验工作基础上,对近年来聚乳酸及其共聚物的合成机理,材料结构和性能以及在骨材料中的应用等作了广泛而深入的总结和归纳。 相似文献
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生物医用材料及制品是近30年来发展起来的一类技术附加值最高的高新技术产品,其作用药物不能替代。近10年来,生物材料和制品的世界市场增幅百分率一直保持在两位数左右,发展趋势可与汽车和信息产业相比,正在成长为世界经济的一个新的支柱性产业,而生物材料的研发已成为世界研究热点。钛合金是一种继不锈钢、钴铬合金和TiNi形状记忆合金之后可用于人体软、硬组织修复与替代较理想的外科植入物用首选材料,它先后经过了第一代材料纯钛(α型)和Ti6Al4V合金(α β型)和第二代无钒的α β型钛合金Ti6Al7Nb和Ti5Al2.5Fe以及以β型钛合金为主的第三代新型医用钛合金(如Ti-13Nb-13Zr)的发展历程,其出发点是寻找生物相容性更好(不含对人体有毒的元素)、与人体骨骼力学相容性更加匹配(降低弹性模量、减小对骨组织的“应力屏蔽“)且综合性能优良的钛合金材料。综述了国际上生物医用钛合金的研发历史和现状,重点介绍了国际上正在热点研究的新型β型医用钛合金材料的合金设计、加工制备及其组织与性能控制和在骨科与血管介入领域的应用现状,特别是介绍了我国自主开发的两种新型医用β型钛合金的研究及其相关医疗器械产品研制情况,最后指出了医疗器... 相似文献
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生物医用有色金属材料发展迅速,形成了适应不同体内环境、不同组织的医用有色金属材料及器件体系;着眼未来开展领域研究规划,提升新型医用有色金属材料及器件的临床应用水平,兼具理论研究与实践应用价值。本文论述了生物医用有色金属材料在耐蚀性、耐磨性、疲劳强度及韧性、生物适配性等方面的关键性能要求,系统梳理了永久性植入有色金属材料、生物可降解有色金属材料、多孔医用有色金属材料、医用有色金属表面改性等细分领域的研究进展、发展趋势与科学问题。在凝练各类生物医用有色金属材料未来研究方向的基础上,提出了加强基础与关键核心技术研究、组建“产学研医监”协同创新体、建立相关标准及规范、培育高精尖人才体系等发展建议,以期为新型材料发展布局与前沿技术研发提供先导性参考。 相似文献
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大块非晶合金具有不同于晶态合金的独特性质,如高强度、高硬度、高耐磨耐蚀性、高疲劳抗力、低弹性模量、大弹性应变极限、屈服前基本上完全弹性、屈服时完全塑性、无加工硬化现象等。在将其作为结构材料大规模使用的同时,人们认识到了大块非晶合金生物医学研究的重要性和可行性。基于元素毒性考虑,Ti基、Zr基、Fe基、Mg基及Ca基被认为是最有可能未来得到医学应用的5类大块非晶合金体系,总结了国内外学者对这些材料在模拟体液下的腐蚀行为和离子溶出规律、细胞毒性和动物体内植入后对周围组织的影响等方面的最新研究成果,并且对大块非晶合金医学应用需要解决的问题、其未来发展方向及临床应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Geng Chen Naoji Matsuhisa Zhiyuan Liu Dianpeng Qi Pingqiang Cai Ying Jiang Changjin Wan Yajing Cui Wan Ru Leow Zhuangjian Liu Suxuan Gong Ke‐Qin Zhang Yuan Cheng Xiaodong Chen 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(21)
Soft and stretchable electronic devices are important in wearable and implantable applications because of the high skin conformability. Due to the natural biocompatibility and biodegradability, silk protein is one of the ideal platforms for wearable electronic devices. However, the realization of skin‐conformable electronic devices based on silk has been limited by the mechanical mismatch with skin, and the difficulty in integrating stretchable electronics. Here, silk protein is used as the substrate for soft and stretchable on‐skin electronics. The original high Young's modulus (5–12 GPa) and low stretchability (<20%) are tuned into 0.1–2 MPa and > 400%, respectively. This plasticization is realized by the addition of CaCl2 and ambient hydration, whose mechanism is further investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, highly stretchable (>100%) electrodes are obtained by the thin‐film metallization and the formation of wrinkled structures after ambient hydration. Finally, the plasticized silk electrodes, with the high electrical performance and skin conformability, achieve on‐skin electrophysiological recording comparable to that by commercial gel electrodes. The proposed skin‐conformable electronics based on biomaterials will pave the way for the harmonized integration of electronics into human. 相似文献
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Natalia C. Tansil Leng Duei Koh Ming‐Yong Han 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2012,24(11):1388-1397
Silkworm silk is among the most widely used natural fibers for textile and biomedical applications due to its extraordinary mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. A number of physical and chemical processes have also been developed to reconstruct silk into various forms or to artificially produce silk‐like materials. In addition to the direct use and the delicate replication of silk's natural structure and properties, there is a growing interest to introduce more new functionalities into silk while maintaining its advantageous intrinsic properties. In this review we assess various methods and their merits to produce functional silk, specifically those with color and luminescence, through post‐processing steps as well as biological approaches. There is a highlight on intrinsically colored and luminescent silk produced directly from silkworms for a wide range of applications, and a discussion on the suitable molecular properties for being incorporated effectively into silk while it is being produced in the silk gland. With these understanding, a new generation of silk containing various functional materials (e.g., drugs, antibiotics and stimuli‐sensitive dyes) would be produced for novel applications such as cancer therapy with controlled release feature, wound dressing with monitoring/sensing feature, tissue engineering scaffolds with antibacterial, anticoagulant or anti‐inflammatory feature, and many others. 相似文献
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柞蚕丝素/壳聚糖共混膜的结构及细胞相容性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用碳化二亚胺(EDC)作为交联剂,流延法制备柞蚕丝素(ASF)/壳聚糖(CS)共混膜。用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG)和四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)对膜的结构及细胞相容性进行了研究。结果显示,柞蚕丝素和壳聚糖具有较好的相容性和较强的相互作用,壳聚糖能阻碍共混膜内的丝素蛋白形成β-折叠构象。EDC能分别与柞蚕丝素及壳聚糖反应,从而对共混膜进行有效的交联,并使膜的热稳定性提高。与ASF膜或CS膜相比,共混比为80/20和40/60的ASF/CS共混膜更有利于细胞生长和增殖,作为一种新型的生物材料具有良好的研究和开发应用前景。 相似文献
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生物材料对细胞生物学行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着细胞生物学、基因工程等研究领域的发展,临床使用的生物医用材料已经由单纯的生物材料制成的植人物,发展成细胞与生物材料的复合物.生物医用材料不仅应具备生物安全性、生物相容性、血液相容性,还应该具有细胞外基质的作用.本文综述了生物材料作为细胞外基质,对细胞粘附、细胞生长及细胞凋亡的影响. 相似文献
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