简化矢量的多电平逆变器共模电压抑制方法

在高压变频传动领域,共模电压问题尤为突出.首先以有源中点箝位型五电平(ANPC-5L)逆变器为例进行分析,提出了一种基于简化空间矢量的多电平逆变器共模电压的抑制方法.通过建立变换器输出共模电压的数学模型,分析多电平变换器各开关状态与共模电压之间的关系,以最小共模电压为控制目标剔除不满足要求的开关状态,从而减少多电平电压空间矢量对应冗余开关状态的数量.得益于冗余开关状态数量的降低,不仅共模电压得到了很好地抑制,同时还极大地降低了多电平电压空间矢量脉宽调制策略的实现难度.最后通过实验结果验证了所提共模电压抑制方法的正确性和有效性.     

基于电压空间矢量的共模电压消除方法的研究

对多电平逆变器电压空间矢量的特点和规律进行了分析,对各个电压空间矢量以及各种冗余开关状态进行研究,寻找开关状态与共模电压的内在联系,提出了一种基于空间矢量的有效消除多电平逆变器共模电压的方法.最后仿真与实验结果也证明了所提出的抑制共模电压方法的正确性,并且该方法具有通用性,可以很容易应用到更高的奇数电平的逆变器中.     

基于多电平随机脉宽调制技术的共模电压和谐波抑制方法

在PWM电机驱动系统中,多电平逆变技术可以降低系统中的共模电压和谐波含量,但是由于开关频率是固定的,在开关频率处的谐波仍很大。随机开关频率空间矢量调制技术可以通过对零矢量的控制,实现对共模电压的抑制,并且开关频率的随机化,使得开关频率处的幅值较大的谐波分散为一定带宽的幅值较小的谐波,降低了谐波的幅值。给出了混合型七电平逆变器的拓扑结构及控制方法,将高压单元的低频输出和低压单元的高频输出进行叠加,实现七电平的电压输出。分析了不同的开关状态对共模电压的影响,提出了用于共模电压抑制的矢量选择方法和用于降低谐波的开关频率随机化方法,仿真和实验结果显示,多电平逆变技术和随机脉宽调制技术的结合使用,大大降低了系统的共模电压和开关频率处的谐波分量。     

基于参考电压分解的新型多电平逆变器空间矢量控制方法

提出了一种新的多平逆变器的参考电压分解理论，将参考电压矢量分解成为基矢量和二电平矢量，针对目前多电平空间矢量调制方法计算十分复杂的问题，提出了一种新的基于参考电压矢量分解理论的多电逆变器空间矢量调制方法。该方法只需要将参考电压的二电平矢量用二电平的空间矢量调制方法合成，这样，多电平的空间矢量调制问题被简化成二电平的空间矢量调制问题，计算过程十分简单和快速，另外，通过归纳的多电平空间矢量的分布规律可以快速地找出所有的冗余开关状态，以便优化输出开关状态组合。提出的方法在理论上适用于任何电平数目，仿真结果验证了它的有效性。     

级联型逆变器的一种新型SVPWM方法

在有高性能调速要求的场合需要矢量控制、直接转矩控制等电机控制方法,级联型逆变器应用电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术可以实现对电机的高性能控制.随着电平数的增加,电压空间矢量数急剧增多,又存在着冗余开关状态,造成SVPWM算法过于复杂,难以应用于实际系统.本文提出了一种基于两电平SVPWM算法的新型多电平SVPWM方法,并通过Matlab 6.1的系统仿真验证了其正确性和有效性.     

基于参考电压分解的新型多电平逆变器空间矢量调制方法

提出了一种新的多电平逆变器的参考电压分解理论 ,将参考电压矢量分解成为基矢量和二电平矢量。针对目前多电平空间矢量调制方法计算十分复杂的问题 ,提出了一种新型的基于参考电压矢量分解理论的多电平逆变器空间矢量调制方法。该方法只需要将参考电压的二电平矢量用二电平的空间矢量调制方法合成 ,这样 ,多电平的空间矢量调制问题被简化成二电平的空间矢量调制问题 ,计算过程十分简单和快速。另外 ,通过归纳的多电平空间矢量的分布规律可以快速地找出所有的冗余开关状态 ,以便优化输出开关状态组合。提出的方法在理论上适用于任何电平数目 ,仿真结果验证了它的有效性。     

级联多电平逆变器空间矢量调制算法零序电压分布及优化算法

逆变器输出电压中的零序分量在电机中形成共模电压,它通过寄生回路产生的共模电流会损坏电机轴承、造成绕组绝缘的破坏以及产生电磁干扰。本文在将常规dq0坐标旋转45°后的新坐标平面中,研究了空间矢量对应的零序分量的分布规律。结果表明,只要适当地减小调制系数,逆变器输出电压矢量的零序分量幅值就可以小于一定的限制值。基于该规律,提出了一种将级联型多电平逆变器输出零序电压幅值的相对值限制为1/3的空间矢量调制算法。仿真和实验结果表明,该调制方法对零序电压的抑制是有效的,并且计算简单、易于实现。     

一种多电平空间矢量脉宽调制新方法

在有高性能调速要求的场合需要矢量控制、直接转矩控制等电机控制方法,H桥级联型多电平逆变器只有应用电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术才能实现对电机的高性能控制.随着电平数的增加,电压空间矢量数急剧增多,又存在着冗余开关状态,造成SVPWM算法过于复杂,难以应用于实际系统.该文提出了一种基于三电平SVPWM算法的新型多电平SVPWM方法,并通过Matlab6.1的系统仿真验证了其有效性.     

基于三电平中矢量的零共模电压算法研究

针对传统的共模电压抑制方法都无法从算法上彻底消除共模电压的问题,提出一种新的算法。通过三电平变流器的有效开关状态,对共模电压进行分析,并得出中矢量调制共模电压为零的结论。通过对两电平调制出的PWM脉冲波进行分配和调整,产生一组对三电平变流器有效的中矢量开关状态。采用中矢量调制从算法上消除共模电压,并通过Matlab仿真和实验验证了结论的正确性和可用性。     

基于载波和空间矢量调制之间联系的多电平VSI降低和消除共模电压的PWM策略

提出一种多电平逆变器降低和消除共模电压的调制方法。选择适当的开关状态,部分共模电压消除调制方法(PCMVPWM)能将共模电压降低到直流侧母线单电源电压的三分之一,完全共模电压消除调制方法(FCMVPWM)能完全消除共模电压。分析了这两种调制方法与基于载波的脉宽调制方法的关系。在NPC三电平逆变器的原型机上对算法进行了实验验证,仿真和实验结果表明该调制方法能够有效地降低共模电压。最后将算法拓展到任意电平逆变器的调制中。     

Multilevel inverter modulation schemes to eliminate common-mode voltages

It is well known that conventional two-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters generate high-frequency common-mode voltages with high dv/dt. Similarly, commonly used multilevel inverter modulation schemes generate common-mode voltages. Common-mode voltages may cause motor shaft voltages and bearing currents and conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). Premature motor bearing failures and electronic equipment malfunctions have been reported to be directly related to bearing currents and EMI. In this paper, approaches to eliminating common-mode voltage when using multilevel PWM inverters are presented. It is shown that inverters, which have an odd number of levels, will generate zero common-mode voltage by switching among certain states. Therefore, motor bearing currents will be eliminated and conducted EMI will be reduced. Both sinusoidal PWM and space-vector modulation (SVM) schemes are discussed and detailed comparative simulation results between conventional and novel modulation schemes are provided. The value of the proposed technique is demonstrated experimentally by applying the novel SVM approach to a conventional multilevel inverter.     

A passive EMI filter with access to the ungrounded motor neutral line—Its effect on attenuating bearing current

This paper describes the effect of a passive EMI filter on preventing bearing current from flowing inside an inverter‐driven motor. Motor‐bearing damage is often caused by bearing currents resulting from the breakdown of grease films in the motor bearing. The high‐frequency common‐mode voltage generated by the PWM inverter induces a shaft voltage between the rotor and the frame. When the shaft voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the grease films, a destructive instantaneous discharge current with a peak value of about 1 A flows through the motor bearing. The passive EMI filter, which is unique in access to the motor neutral line, can reduce the shaft voltage as a result of eliminating the high‐frequency common‐mode voltage from the motor terminals. Hence, no breakdown occurs in the grease film, so that no bearing current flows. The viability and effectiveness of the passive EMI filter is verified by experimental results obtained from a 400‐V, 3.7‐kW laboratory system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 78– 87, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20489     

A three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter system characterized by sinusoidal output voltage with neither common‐mode voltage nor normal‐mode voltage

This paper deals with an inverter system integrating a small‐rated passive EMI filter with a three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter. The purpose of the EMI filter is to eliminate both common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages from the output voltage of the inverter. The motivation of this research is based on the well‐known fact that the higher the carrier or switching frequency, the smaller and the more effective the EMI filter. An experimental system consisting of a 5‐kVA inverter, a 3.7‐kW induction motor, and a specially designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter. As a result, it is shown experimentally that both three‐phase line‐to‐line and line‐to‐neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter system were an ideal variable‐voltage, variable‐frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in complete solution of serious issues related to common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages produced by the inverter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 88–96, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10206     

基于多电平变换逆变电路的拓扑分析

多电平变换逆变电路是一种新的、用于“清洁电力电子装置”的变换电路。本文指出实现多电平变换逆变电路的关键问题之一是电平钳位,并以此为依据将现有的多电平电路拓扑结构进行了分类。文中分析了基于“二极管或电容钳位”和“使用独立直流电源钳位”的两类典型多电平路拓扑结构的优缺点,并在现有的“混合单元多电平逆变电路”单元结构基础上提出了一种新的、使用不同电压比的控制方式。     

逆变器驱动电动机系统中轴承电流产生的机理研究

分析了三相逆变器共模电压及感应电动机内部的寄生耦合效应,基于共模电压和共模耦合效应的概念,解释了PWM逆变器产生轴承电流的机理。     

Motor shaft voltages and bearing currents and their reduction inmultilevel medium-voltage PWM voltage-source-inverter drive applications

This paper presents test results on problems and solutions of motor shaft voltages and bearing currents in medium-voltage pulsewidth modulated (PWM) drive systems. Tests show that multilevel medium-voltage PWM voltage-source inverter drives can cause motor bearing currents, similar to a low-voltage PWM drives, even with one motor bearing insulated. Common-mode voltages generated as a result of PWM switching are observed on motor windings and capacitively coupled to the motor shaft, leading to bearing currents. Potential solutions, including altering common-mode circuitry, changing the grounding scheme, providing common-mode filtering, and grounding the motor shaft, are investigated. Test results on their effectiveness are presented     

Bearing currents and shaft voltages of an induction motor underhard- and soft-switching inverter excitation

Bearing currents and shaft voltages of an induction motor are measured under hard- and soft-switching inverter excitation. The objective is to investigate whether the soft-switching technologies can provide solutions for reducing the bearing currents and shaft voltages. Two of the prevailing soft-switching inverters, the resonant DC-link inverter and the quasi-resonant DC-link inverter, are tested. The results are compared with those obtained using the conventional hard-switching inverter. To ensure objective comparisons between the soft- and hard-switching inverters, all inverters were configured identically and drove the same induction motor under the same operating conditions when the test data were collected. An insightful explanation of the experimental results is also provided to help understand the mechanisms of bearing currents and shaft voltages produced in the inverter drives. Consistency between the bearing current theory and the experimental results has been demonstrated. Conclusions are then drawn regarding the effectiveness of the soft-switching technologies as a solution to the bearing current and shaft voltage problems     

A reduced-switch dual-bridge inverter topology for the mitigationof bearing currents, EMI, and DC-link voltage variations

This paper presents a reduced-switch-count dual-bridge inverter approach for the mitigation of motor bearing currents and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed inverter employs two four-switch inverters and is controlled to generate balanced excitation of dual-voltage-rating induction motors under pulsewidth modulated operation. The proposed approach eliminates the common-mode voltage and, thus, prevents the motors from premature bearing failures in addition to reducing the conducted EMI. Compared to the conventional four-switch inverters, the proposed inverter also eliminates the single-phase circulating current and voltage variations across the DC-link capacitors, which allows smaller capacitance to maintain the DC-bus voltage. Theoretical analysis as well as simulation and experimental results are presented to verify this concept     

多电平逆变器PWM控制方法的研究

近年来,多电平逆变器在大功率场合应用越来越广泛.基于空间矢量原理提出了一种新的多电平PWM控制方法,这种PWM方法称为多电平最优空间矢量PWM方法(MOSV PWM),可用于多电平串联逆变器供电的压频比控制的异步电动机调速系统.仿真结果表明,MOSV PWM方法与多电平载波方法和单脉冲法相比有许多优点,可以在线实现,输出线电压THD低,开关频率低.这种方法可以推广用于其它类型的多电平逆变器,除电机传动外还可以用于静态无功补偿和其它FACTS场合.     

NEUTRAL-TO-GROUND VOLTAGE MINIMIZATION IN A PWM-RECTIFIER / INVERTER CONFIGURATION

ABSTRACT

High frequency common mode voltage produced by power converters are a major cause of conducted EMI, creating motor ground currents, bearing currents and other harmful by-products. In this paper a control algorithm for an induction motor fed by a fully controlled rectifier and inverter is developed to reduce the common mode neutral-to-ground voltage of the induction motor. A bearing current model is used to evaluate the effects on the bearing currents of the double bridge modulation scheme when the new algorithm and conventional algorithms are used. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the benefits of the new PWM approach.