基于机器学习的斜流压气机多目标优化

针对100公斤级涡喷发动机,为了提高斜流压气机性能,利用编码搭建的BP神经网络-遗传算法平台,对叶轮入口轮毂半径、叶轮叶片数、扩压器轴向长度和扩压器叶片数进行压气机级的多目标优化。结果表明:优化后的压气级总压比提高了3.2%,等熵效率提高了7.9%,工作稳定性大幅度提高;优化后的斜流压气机叶轮出口处的泄漏流得到明显的改善,扩压器转弯段逆压梯度和附面层影响减小。     

带楔形扩压器的跨声速离心压气机设计及内部流场计算

采用离心压气机计算机辅助集成设计系统设计了带楔形扩压器的跨声速离心压气机。采用混合平面法对设计的跨声速离心压气机叶轮和扩压器内部流场进行了三维粘性计算,给出了叶轮和扩压器内部的计算结果。计算结果表明,在流量为2．45 kg/s工况下,压气机压比为6．22,压气机总效率为75％,叶轮内部出现典型的二次涡系结构。扩压器内的流场参数分布表明,扩压器前缘出现激波,在楔形扩压器内存在复杂的涡系结构,二次流动涡在扩压器内部经历了一个发生、发展和消失的过程。     

离心叶轮与径向扩压器非定常干涉效应研究

本文以某离心压气机为研究对象,开展非定常数值模拟,深入探索离心叶轮和径向扩压器之间的非定常干涉效应,以及产生的周向流场畸变在径向扩压器和回流器内的传播特征。研究表明：径向扩压器对离心叶轮的影响主要体现在势作用上,扩压器的势干扰使得叶轮出口静压发生周期性变化,进而引起叶轮后部负荷等也产生周期性变化;在离心叶轮的作用下,扩压器进口气流角分布呈现较强的非定常性,影响范围覆盖了整个扩压器通道;径向扩压器流场中的畸变区域,沿周向朝压气机转动相反的方向旋转。     

增压器压气机流动分析与全工况优化

对某涡轮增压器的压气机进行了整机数值模拟与流动分析,发现其内部流动效率低,工作范围窄,扩压器内存在的一个较大旋涡造成了大量流动损失。针对以上问题,本文应用商业设计软件对该压气机进行重新设计,并通过三维CFD软件对多种设计方案进行检验计算,最终得到较优的设计结果。最终设计得到的离心压气机在设计点的各项性能参数均达到了设计要求,压气机内部流场得到了很大改善,整机流动效率提高了4.09%,并且在设计转速下具有更为宽广的稳定工作范围。设计结果表明,叶轮子午流道转弯半径对叶轮内部流动影响显著。     

离心压气机改型设计及扩压器前掠分析

本文主要研究单级离心压气机的改型设计,并采用数值方法对楔形扩压器前掠展开了详细研究。在保持原有压气机叶轮外径不增加、流量和设计转速不变的条件下,将压比由4.0提高到4.5。在设计离心叶轮时,首先需要确定叶轮后弯角,为了真实评估叶轮后弯角对离心压气机效率和稳定性的影响,详细设计了后弯角为20°,25°,30°和35°的三维叶轮以及相匹配的楔形扩压器,最终选择35°后弯角叶轮。其次,后弯角为35°叶轮的设计点压比相对于设计目标偏低,将hub处弯角减小到30°达到增加设计点压比。最后,考虑到楔形扩压器各截面载荷的不同,研究了楔形扩压器前掠对性能影响。     

涡轮增压器压气机规格化设计研究

离心压气机因其单级压比高、工作范围宽、结构简单可靠等特点被广泛用于船用涡轮增压器中。为了满足增压器对柴油机的匹配需求,增压器压气机需要进行规格化设计,形成具有不同的通流能力的压气机。本文基于某国产增压器,分别开展了改变叶轮子午线高度、改变扩压器喉口面积和几何模化三种规格化方式对增压器流量和效率的影响研究。结果表明：改变扩压器喉口面积可实现较小流量范围的压气机规格化设计,7.8%的流量变化对效率的影响在0.3%以内;改变子午型线可实现稍大流量范围的压气机规格化设计,12.1%的流量变化对效率的影响在1.1%以内;几何模化可实现较大流量范围的压气机规格化设计,且对效率影响较小,1.90倍流量变化仅导致0.34%的效率变化,通过多种规格化组合使用可实现压气机较大范围内流量的连续变化。本文研究结果为国产增压器系列化规格化设计提供了有效支撑。     

高压比跨声速离心压气机设计研究

为探索高压比跨声速离心压气机级的快速设计方法,以级总压比7.0为目标,采用自行开发的离心压气机快速设计程序,设计了一单级跨声速离心压气机,并采用适应于高进口马赫数的低稠度最大厚度后移的双圆弧叶型叶片扩压器,保证压气机级有较宽的稳定工作流量范围。经CFD软件对设计的压气机进行性能预测表明,初步设计的离心压气机叶片扩压器扩张角过大,造成叶片尾缘出现严重回流。通过调整叶片厚度和中心线折转角减小了扩张角,改进后的离心压气机设计点总压比为8.305,等熵效率为81.8%。     

离心压缩机半开式叶轮与叶片扩压器级内流动的数值模拟

对由半开式叶轮和叶片扩压器组成的离心压缩机模型级内部的流动进行了数值模拟，分析了叶轮与叶片扩压器内部的流动情况及相互影响。结果表明，用半开式叶轮代替模拟级中的闭式三元叶轮后，流动情况严重恶化，级出口静压系数降低；与无叶扩压器相比，叶片扩压器使级出口压力系数升高。在相同叶轮出口速度下，叶片扩压器比无叶扩压器中气流速度下降迅速，叶轮出口处平均流场趋于均匀。     

小流量离心式压缩机级的研究

本文介绍了一个带无叶扩压器的离心式压缩机级和四个带叶片扩压器的级的试验结果。将带无叶扩压器的级与所了解到的现有的类似级相比,前者气动特性较好。这个级的b_2/D_2=0.029,β_S2=45°,级的最高绝热效率为82％,工作范围为V_max/V_min=2.29。文章对叶轮叶片入口角的计算和测定、叶片扩压器与无叶扩压器的对比等问题,作了初步的分析,并对如何设计歪头螺壳提出原则的意见。     

双列叶栅扩压器在增压器上的应用

本文通过在45GP130增压器上（用于海拔3600米高原内燃机车上高压比增压器,设计工况时的压比＝3.5,流量＝3.5公斤/秒）的两个不同叶轮K 1,K 2与机翼形双列叶栅扩压器和单列三角形扩压器进行了匹配试验,从试验特性曲线看出：双列扩压器明显地改善了离心压气机性能;不但等转速线平坦,加宽了流量范围,而对应点的压比,效率均高,高效区比单列扩压器宽度。试验结果证明,双列优于单列。     

无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及性能影响的数值研究

采用自编的CFD程序数值研究了无叶扩压器对离心压缩机流场及气动性能的影响.采用当地时间步长、多重网格以及隐式参差光顺等技术来加速收敛,以质量流量来代替出口静压的出口边界条件,使出口静压在计算过程中与给定的流量工况自动匹配,大大节省了计算时间.对Krain叶轮后带等面积与直壁两种形式的无叶扩压器离心压缩机内部流场进行了计算与分析,结果表明:直壁型无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率低于等面积无叶扩压器离心压缩机的效率;直壁型无叶扩压器使得叶轮出口的流动出现分离;扩压器的形式对离心叶轮的整体气动性能影响并不大;在进行离心叶轮数值研究时,叶轮后的延伸区最好采用等面积无叶扩压器,以尽量减小无叶扩压器所引起的计算误差.     

基于CFD的离心压缩机整级性能优化设计

本文采用CFD技术研究离心压缩机整级性能优化设计方法.首先用一元理论进行初始设计,应用全三维流场分析的方法分析叶轮、扩压器以及回流器叶片参数变化对压缩机性能的影响.在此基础上,对主要几何参数进行了优化设计.研究结果表明;通过在压缩机运行过程中调节扩压器叶片的角度,可以使压缩机的最大效率和工况范围均得到改善.对于本模型的压缩机,效率可提高3％以上.优化设计后压缩机整级气动性能得到明显改善.     

Experimental study of centrifugal compressor vaneless diffuser width

Seven different vaneless diffuser designs for a centrifugal compressor, varying only in diffuser width, were studied experimentally. The studied diffuser widths versus impeller exit width were 1.0, 0.903, 0.854, and 0.806. Three of the narrowed diffusers had the width reduced from the hub and shroud divided evenly, and the three others had the width reduced only from the shroud. The total and static pressures, the total temperature and the flow angles at the diffuser inlet and outlet were measured at the design rotational speed with three different mass flows. The impeller and diffuser performance was studied along with the axial distributions of flow angles and velocities in the diffuser. The results revealed that the pinch improved the compressor stage and impeller performance but deteriorated the diffuser performance. The pinch clearly decreased the secondary flow region present near the shroud. The pinch implemented in the shroud is more beneficial than pinch divided between the hub and the shroud. In order to obtain the beneficial effects of pinch, the pinch should be sufficient. However, excessive pinch deteriorates the compressor performance.     

离心压缩机末级最佳D_4/D_2值的数值研究

考虑到离心压缩机末级各通流元件之间的相互影响,将末级叶轮、无叶扩压器和排气蜗壳组合一起对扩压器出口直径与叶轮直径的比值D4/D2进行研究,通过对不同D4/D2条件下的整级模型进行数值模拟,研究扩压器流道长短对整级性能的影响,对离心压缩机末级流场及D4/D2值变化与离心压缩机整级性能的变化关系进行了详细的对比分析.研究结果表明,D4/D2值的变化对末级整级性能有较大的影响,并存在一个使级效率为最大值的最佳D4/D2值,D4/D2过大或过小都将使整级效率下降.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of radial flow compressor component losses

This research numerically and experimentally investigates a small turbocharger radial flow compressor with a vane-less diffuser and volute. The geometry of the compressor is obtained via component scanning, through which a 3D model is prepared. The flow inside this model is numerically analyzed by using a Navier-Stokes solver with a shear-stress transport turbulence model. The characteristic curves of the compressor and the contributions of its components to total pressure drop are acquired by measuring the static and total pressures at different cross sections of the compressor. Numerical results are verified with the experimental test results. The model results exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. In particular, the results show that the losses related to the impeller are higher than those related to the stationary components at different conditions, with the former causing a decline of at least 15% in compressor isentropic efficiency. The contribution of stationary components to efficiency decrease is approximately 4.8% at maximum efficiency mass flow rate and is limited to 7.1%. At low mass flow rates, the contribution of the diffuser to efficiency decline is higher than that of the volute. This finding is reversed at high mass flow rates. The performances of the diffuser and the volute are also studied by exploring total pressure and static pressure recovery coefficients, as well as the net radial force on the impeller shaft under a wide operating range.     

A novel clocking effect between inlet bend and volute in an automotive turbocharging system

Numerical methods were carried out on a turbocharger compressor with inlet bent pipe to research a novel clocking effect between the inlet bend and the volute. It was found that the clocking effect with 3.4 percent of variations (1.9 percentage points) in compressor efficiency positively exists at the research point near chock. The reason for the changed efficiency loss is that the inlet bend induces a serious distortion of approaching flow to impeller inlet on one hand, and the downstream volute causes a circumferentially non-uniform distribution of pressure in vaneless diffuser. By adjusting the clocking positions between inlet bend and volute, not only is the unsteadiness of the flow rate through single impeller channel changed, but the uniformity of the incoming flow at the vaneless diffuser inlet is modulated as well. It is the dominant reason for the novel clocking effect that the bad uniformity causes more flow loss in both diffuser and volute.

     

Centrifugal compressor tip clearance and impeller flow

Compressors consume a considerable portion of the electricity used in the industrial sector. Hence, improvements in compressor efficiency lead to energy savings and reduce environmental impacts. The efficiency of an unshrouded centrifugal compressor suffers from leakage flow over the blade tips. The effect of tip leakage flow on the passage flow differs between the full and splitter blade passages. In this study, the differences in the flow fields between the full and splitter blade passages were studied numerically in detail. An industrial high-speed compressor with a design pressure ratio of 1.78 was modelled. Numerical studies were conducted with six different tip clearances and three different diffuser widths. The results show that increasing tip clearance considerably increases the reversed flow into the impeller with an unpinched diffuser. The reversed flow then partly mixes into the flow in the same blade passage it entered the impeller and the rest migrates over the blade, mixing with the tip clearance flow. Furthermore, as the reversed and clearance flow mix into the wake, the wake is weakened. As pinch reduces both the reversed flow and clearance flow, the passage wakes are stronger with pinches. However, the pinch is beneficial as the losses at the impeller outlet decrease.

     

离心压缩机辐射噪声的理论计算

给出了离心压缩机叶轮粘性尾迹速度亏缺值及尾迹宽度的计算方法。给出了离心压缩机气动参数和结构参数与声功率级之间的内在关系。提出了在叶轮粘性尾迹作用下，扩压器叶片上不稳定脉动力的计算式，运用调制理论，建立了离心叶轮与扩压器叶片相互作用而导致的声幅射方程。在此基础上，对某化肥厂ＤＨ６３型离心压缩机声功率进行了理论计算，并与实测值进行了比较，二者吻合较好。