大掺量粉煤灰注浆活性单液砂浆配合比优化设计

采用正交试验设计方法对长江地下隧道大掺量粉煤灰同步注浆活性单液砂浆配合比进行系统研究和优化设计.试验表明:同步注浆活性单液砂浆配合比中水胶比和胶砂比对砂浆工作性能影响最大,水泥与粉煤灰比对砂浆固结性能影响最大,胶砂比对砂浆抗渗性能影响最大;最优配合比为:水胶比0.7,水泥∶粉煤灰20∶80,胶砂比1∶3.     

利用红黏土弃渣制备岩溶区注浆材料配比及其性能研究

在岩溶地区进行灌注桩施工时,注浆法可有效改善混凝土易流失、断桩、桩身孔洞等问题,但传统注浆材料成本较高且性能过剩,而且施工现场往往存在大量弃渣需要妥善处理。鉴于此,提出利用红黏土弃渣为基材,以水泥、粉煤灰为主固化剂,辅以水玻璃,制备新型注浆材料。通过正交试验,探究各组分对浆液关键性能指标的影响,确定最佳配比,并对最优配比下浆液结石体的微观结构进行分析。结果表明:水土比是影响浆液性能的主控因素;水泥掺量对浆液结石体的强度影响最大;粉煤灰可以增加浆液结石率,并提高结石体的后期强度;水玻璃主要起到加速凝结的作用。推荐的最佳配比为水土比0.6(质量比),水泥掺量10%(质量分数),粉煤灰掺量12%(质量分数),水玻璃掺量1.1%(质量分数)。经综合分析,该浆液具有流动性好、填充性好、强度适中、造价低廉等特点,适合工程大规模使用。     

自燃煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地质聚合材料的制备及基本性能研究

以自燃煤矸石、矿渣和粉煤灰为原料,以水玻璃和氢氧化钾为激发剂,制备自燃煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地质聚合材料.采用三因素、四水平的正交试验对地质聚合材料胶砂强度进行研究,探讨自燃煤矸石、水玻璃和矿渣掺量对胶砂强度的影响规律.并对最优配合比进行细度、凝结时间和体积安定性检测.结果表明,在水胶比为0.46、试件脱模后在65℃环境下蒸养6h再标准养护的条件下,自燃煤矸石-矿渣-粉煤灰地质聚合材料胶砂强度最佳配合比是:自燃煤矸石∶矿渣∶粉煤灰=2∶1∶1,水玻璃∶氢氧化钾=7∶3,该胶凝材料各项性能皆满足硅酸盐水泥的技术标准,强度等级达到42.5R.研究结果为以大宗固体废弃物为原料制备地质聚合材料提供了参考.     

高韧性水泥基复合材料抗压强度正交试验研究

利用正交试验设计原理,对9组不同配合比的高韧性水泥基复合材料进行了抗压试验,研究了粉煤灰掺量、水胶比、砂胶比和减水剂掺量这四种因素对高韧性水泥基复合材料抗压强度的影响,并定量分析了各个因素影响的显著性.试验结果表明:各因素对抗压强度影响的主次顺序为水胶比＞粉煤灰掺量＞减水剂掺量＞砂胶比,其中水胶比对强度的影响远大于其他因素,而砂胶比的影响并不明显;抗压强度随水胶比的增大而减小,随砂胶比的增大而缓慢增加;当粉煤灰掺量或减水剂掺量增大时,抗压强度先增大后减小,粉煤灰和减水剂存在最佳掺量.     

纤维石膏基复合墙材基本力学性能试验研究

以原状脱硫石膏、粉煤灰、矿渣作为基本材料,运用正交试验研究了由NaOH、生石灰和水泥组成的复合碱性激发剂对于原状脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-矿渣复合胶凝材料基本力学性能的影响,确定了NaOH、生石灰、水泥的最佳掺量.在此基础上,研究了不同植物纤维、水胶比、减水剂对复合胶凝材料基本力学性能的影响,确定了纤维石膏基复合墙材的最佳配比.试验结果表明:NaOH、生石灰、水泥的最佳掺量分别为0.5％,8％,10％,该复合墙材选用苎麻纤维和萘系减水剂为宜,最佳掺量分别为2％和1％,最佳水胶比为0.38,所有组分均在脱硫石膏、粉煤灰和矿渣质量和的基础上按质量比外掺.     

老采空区上覆岩层冒落带注浆加固技术应用研究

资源型城市大多以煤炭矿产开采为支柱,随着持续的开采,老旧矿区资源逐渐枯竭。通过充填粉煤灰-水泥浆液对采空区上覆岩层冒落带注浆加固,成功实现对矿区用地的开发再利用。钻探验证和物探面波测试结果证明:治理后的采空区已被浆液充填密实,且钻探验证结石体和面波测试得出的结论一致。为国内其他减沉地区使用粉煤灰-水泥浆对采空区地基处理技术提供有价值的注浆参数。     

固废基盾构惰性同步注浆材料力学性能及抗水分散性研究

以典型固废矿渣微粉、粉煤灰、硅灰为原料制备固废基盾构惰性同步注浆材料,采用六因素五水平正交试验,开展了注浆材料力学性能及抗水分散性的试验研究。结果发现：增大碱激发剂模数,减小其掺量,则浆液抗压强度下降;水胶比、膨水比对浆液抗动水冲刷能力的影响较大;碱激发剂掺量和水胶比是影响浆液水陆强度比的主要因素。根据正交试验极差分析和综合性能平衡,确定了注浆材料的优选配合比：水胶比1.00,胶砂比0.45,膨水比0.35,减水剂掺量1.5%(质量分数),碱激发剂模数1.6,碱激发剂掺量20%(质量分数),此时注浆材料28 d抗压强度为13.02 MPa,水陆强度比为80.83%,3 h动水冲刷质量损失率为5.62%;并开展了稠度、凝结时间、泌水率和结石率等性能试验,测试指标均达到了活性浆液的要求。以上研究为工业固废在盾构注浆技术领域的应用提供了一定的研究基础和实验依据。     

基于冲填砂浆结石技术的混合砂浆性能正交性试验研究

为了研究水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和沙漠砂取代率对冲填砂浆结石技术的混合砂浆性能的影响,采用粉煤灰部分取代胶凝材料,沙漠砂代替中砂,拌制砂浆,并进行正交性试验.通过层次分析和综合平衡分析得到各因素、各水平的影响权重和最佳配比方案.结果表明:沙漠砂取代率和粉煤灰掺量是影响砂浆稠度的主要因素,粉煤灰掺量是影响分层度和28 d抗压强度的主要因素,而影响90 d抗压强度主要因素的是水胶比.对于一般工程项目,由各因素、各水平的权重之和得到的最优试验组合为:水胶比为0.975,粉煤灰掺量为20％,沙漠砂取代率为20％.最优配比均能满足砂浆强度M10砂浆的配制要求,且经济合理.     

粉煤灰掺量对盾构隧道同步注浆浆液性能的影响试验研究

盾构法凭借自身独特优点成为城市地铁隧道修建的主流工法,其中同步注浆是盾构施工最为关键的工序之一;为了充分体现粉煤灰取代水泥时发挥的节约资源、减少环境污染以及改善浆液性能的作用,在已有的浆液优化配比试验基础上,通过室内实验,研究粉煤灰与水泥配比对浆液稠度、流动性、抗压强度以及抗水分散性的影响规律,选出合适的粉煤灰掺量,得到其优化的同步注浆浆液配合比。     

免烧锰渣砖的配合比设计、制备与性能研究

本文基于石灰激发锰渣及粉煤灰类火山灰材料的机理,在蒸养条件下制备免烧锰渣砖,系统研究了不同掺量的粉煤灰(10％～40％)和水泥(5％～20％)对石灰-锰渣胶凝体系力学性能的影响规律;并在此基础上对胶砂比、成型压力及养护条件进行了系统研究,得出最佳配合比为:锰渣60％、石灰10％、粉煤灰20％、水泥10％,胶凝材料∶砂=1∶0.5,水胶比:0.18,成型压力:10 MPa,养护温度:90℃;另外通过SEM和XRD对免烧锰渣砖的微观形貌和水化产物进行了分析,发现胶凝材料水化产生的胶凝物质使电解锰渣免烧砖的强度增强.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。