AZ91D镁合金表面激光重熔Al-Si-Cu涂层的性能

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Al-Si-Cu合金涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度与摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,激光重熔后涂层组织致密均匀,涂层与基体呈良好的冶金结合,涂层显微硬度约为基体的2.2倍,由于晶粒细化和硬质相的存在耐磨性较基体明显提高,重熔层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。     

超音速火焰喷涂涂层抗高温氧化和耐冲蚀性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）技术喷涂WC涂层，并对其抗高温氧化和耐冲蚀性能进行测定。试验结果显示，与基体1Cr12W1MoV比较，HVOF制备的WC-17Co、WC-12Co、NiCrBSi＋35WC涂层具有非常良好的抗高温氧化和耐冲蚀性能。其中WC-17Co涂层在任何冲蚀角度下均表现出优良的抗冲蚀能力，是一种理想的汽轮机高压部件防护涂层。     

非晶铝基粉末冷喷涂涂层及其耐磨性能

为提高镁合金的耐磨性能,采用冷喷涂技术在AZ91D镁合金表面制备铝基非晶涂层,并利用扫描电镜对涂层的微观形貌进行分析,采用X射线衍射仪分析喷涂粉末及涂层中的非晶含量,利用多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明:冷喷涂后涂层中仍含有铝基非晶结构,非晶含量为48%,涂层微观组织致密,孔隙率为0.59%。铝基非晶涂层的磨损量和磨损率均低于镁合金基体,摩擦因数高于基体。     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的耐滑动磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层,分别采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和滑动磨损设备分析涂层的微观结构和滑动磨损行为。结果表明:采用液体煤油燃料HVOF喷涂的微米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层的脱碳程度较低,涂层中仅出现WC和W2C相,而无η相(Co3W3C、Co6W6C)以及软相W。涂层微观结构致密,孔隙率约为1%,平均显微硬度为1 322HV0.3;在相同试验条件下,WC-10Co4Cr涂层的摩擦因数(约0.8)高于不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)的摩擦因数(约0.5),其滑动体积损失量仅为不锈钢涂层的1/146,具有优异的抗滑动磨损性能。涂层在滑动磨损过程中首先是粘结相的脱落,然后是WC颗粒的磨损。     

AZ80镁合金表面冷喷涂316L涂层的微观组织及性能

为了提高AZ80镁合金的耐磨及耐腐蚀性能,利用冷喷涂技术在其表面制备了316L不锈钢涂层。采用X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜对涂层的相结构、微观组织及粒子与基板的碰撞行为进行了分析,采用万能力学试验机测试了涂层的结合强度及内聚强度,并分别测试了涂层与块体的摩擦磨损及电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:冷喷涂316L粒子与镁合金基板的碰撞行为主要呈现两种方式,一种是粒子在镁合金基板表面产生冲蚀坑,未能形成有效结合,另一种是粒子以球形方式嵌入镁合金基板内部,基板在两种碰撞行为中都形成射流,结合机理主要是机械咬合。316L涂层磨损率为1.16×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m),其耐磨性较镁合金提高了8倍,涂层的自腐蚀电流较镁合金基体降低了4个数量级,能够有效保护镁合金基板。     

钛合金表面粗化对WC-17Co涂层结合性能的影响

研究Ti-6Al-4V合金表面不同粗糙度对超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)碳化钨(WC-17Co)涂层结合性能的影响. 采用不同喷砂工艺对钛合金表面进行粗化预处理,得到1,2和3号试样的表面粗糙度分别为22.003,20.845和14.765 μm. 利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在粗化后的钛合金表面制备WC-17Co涂层,厚度为0.3 mm. 对WC-17Co/Ti-6Al-4V试样进行三点弯曲试验,利用扫描电镜观察界面形貌. 结果表明,3号试样的界面裂纹扩展最严重并引起了部分涂层脱落,2号试样结合最好;采用四点弯曲法测试涂层与基体的结合界面的断裂能量释放率分别为239.7,259.0和200.1 J/m2.     

HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层的性能研究

为促进HVOF喷涂纳米WC-12Co涂层在工业上的应用,采用HVOF喷涂法分别制备了纳米和微米结构WC-12Co涂层.研究了涂层的结合强度,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度及耐冲蚀磨损性能,并利用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、涂层显微组织、冲蚀表面形貌进行了分析.研究结果表明：两种涂层中纳米涂层显微硬度是普通涂层的1.5倍,最高达到1610 HV,纳米涂层中W C颗粒的分布更均匀,冲蚀率是微米级涂层的1/2左右,性能更优越.     

等离子喷涂WC-12Co/NiCrAl复合涂层的摩擦磨损特性

以NiCrAl涂层为粘结层,用等离子喷涂工艺在TC4钛合金表面制备了WC-12Co/NiCrAl复合涂层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度仪等手段分析了涂层微观形貌、化学成分和显微硬度,并用磨损试验考察了WC-12Co/NiCrAl复合涂层的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层表面未熔颗粒较多,涂层截面孔隙率为10.2%;WC发生部分分解,出现W2C、Co6W6C等新相;涂层与基体结合界面为机械结合+局部微冶金结合方式;显微硬度为双态Weibull分布,呈现不同位置结构的差异化。WC-12Co涂层表现出良好的减摩及耐磨性能,同载荷下摩擦因数低于基体,磨损失重为基体的1/10,磨粒磨损是其主要磨损机制。     

船用辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈喷涂WC-12Co涂层的摩擦学性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层,测试了涂层/镀层显微硬度和室温摩擦磨损性能,并观察分析了磨损表面形貌。结果表明：WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度是电镀硬铬层的1.5倍以上,表明WC-12Co涂层的抗疲劳强度性能更优;在时间为1.5h,载荷为20N和100N的试验条件下,电镀硬铬层摩擦磨损失重量分别为WC-12Co涂层的3倍和4倍,表明WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性能明显优于电镀硬铬镀层;与硬铬镀层相比,WC-12Co涂层能缩短磨合时间,较快地进入稳定磨损阶段,该阶段因WC-12Co涂层摩擦因数低,波动范围小,更有利于摩擦状态下延长工件的使用寿命。将超音速火焰喷涂技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈,可极大提高汽轮机转子的技战术性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

船用辅汽轮机转子汽封轴颈喷涂WC-12Co涂层的摩擦学性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术和电镀技术分别在45钢试件表面制备了WC-12Co涂层和硬铬镀层,测试了涂层、镀层的显微硬度和室温摩擦磨损性能,并观察分析了磨损表面形貌。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的显微硬度是电镀硬铬层的1.5倍以上;在时间为1.5h,载荷为20N和100N的试验条件下,电镀硬铬层摩擦磨损失质量分别为WC-12Co涂层的3倍和4倍,表明WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性能明显优于电镀硬铬镀层;与硬铬镀层相比,WC-12Co涂层能缩短磨合时间,较快地进入稳定磨损阶段,该阶段因WC-12Co涂层摩擦因数低,波动范围小,更有利于摩擦状态下延长工件的使用寿命。将超音速火焰喷涂技术用于修复汽轮机转子汽封轴颈,可极大提高汽轮机转子的性能,降低维修频率,延长使用寿命。     

粉末原料粒径对WC-17Co涂层性能的影响

本文利用超音速火焰喷涂技术喷涂四种不同粒径的WC-17Co粉末,评价粉末粒径对涂层机械性能和抗磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明,粉末的粒径越小,在超音速焰流作用下获得的速度和温度越高,形成的涂层越致密,颗粒间的粘接强度越高,同时涂层的显微硬度也越高。WC-17Co粉末的粒径越小,获得涂层的孔隙直径越小,颗粒间的粘接缺陷越少,因此涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能越好。但是当WC-17Co粉末的粒径过于微小时,涂层的断裂韧性将受到影响。在本文研究的四种粒径分布的WC-17Co粉末中,中间粒径且分布范围集中的粉末制得的涂层兼具良好的机械性能和抗磨粒磨损性能。     

燃料类型及喷涂参数对HVOF喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层的组织及力学性能的影响

超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）制备的WC基金属陶瓷涂层广泛应用于金属构件的磨损、腐蚀及空蚀防护。分别采用氢气燃料及煤油液体燃料HVOF喷涂设备分别在9种不同的工艺条件下制备了WC10Co4Cr涂层,研究了燃料类型对涂层的组织、残余应力及力学性能的影响规律。在两种燃料HVOF工艺各自优化的喷涂参数条件下,通过对基体曲率的原位监测对比测试了涂层中的平均残余应力;利用显微维氏硬度、压痕法（断裂韧性）和球盘摩擦磨损对比研究了涂层的力学性能。结果表明：液体燃料（LF）HVOF焰流中粒子的温度更低,速度更高。LF-HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内的残余压应力更高且涂层致密度更高,而气体燃料（GF）HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内为残余拉应力。LF-HVOF涂层（1280 HV_0.3, 7.3 MPa·m^0.5）比GF-HVOF涂层（1032 HV_0.3, 4.5 MPa·m^0.5）具有更高的硬度和断裂韧性,LF-HVOF涂层的耐磨性约为GF-HVOF涂层的1.7倍。     

冲压模具热喷涂涂层的优化*

为了提高冲压模具的使用寿命,分别采用电弧喷涂工艺制备FTC-FeCSiMn耐磨涂层和高速火焰喷涂工艺制备WC-12Co耐磨涂层,并对其参数进行优化。由于电弧喷涂工艺受到较少参数的影响,而高速火焰喷涂工艺受到煤油流量、氢气流量和氧气比等十几个参数的影响,所以优化过程采用单次单因子法的试验设计法。对微硬度、孔隙率、表面粗糙度及沉积效率等涂层性质进行研究,取得较好效果。其中高速火焰喷涂的WC-12Co涂层经优化后,硬度1 547HV0.1,沉积效率34.5%,孔隙率1.0%,粗糙度1.84μm,与理论预期值非常接近。最后使用销盘试验测试涂层耐磨性,结果表明电弧喷涂的FTC-FeCSiMn涂层使工件的抗磨性提高2个数量级,而高速火焰喷涂的WC-12Co涂层更使工件的抗磨性提高4个数量级。     

Effect of Atmospheric Plasma Spraying Power on Microstructure and Properties of WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coatings

WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with different spraying powers. The effect of spraying power on microstructure, phase composition, hardness, fracture toughness, and oscillating dry friction and wear behaviors of the coatings were studied. Simultaneously, the microstructure and properties of the as-sprayed coatings were compared with those of WC-17Co coating prepared under the optimal spraying power. It was found that spraying power had significant effect on the molten degree of feedstock powder and phase composition as well as microstructure and properties of WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coatings. WC-(W,Cr)₂C-Ni coating deposited at a moderate spraying power of 22.5?kW had the highest fracture toughness and the best wear resistance. WC-17Co coating obtained under the moderate spraying power had poor fracture toughness and wear resistance. Moreover, the four kinds of coatings were all dominated by subsurface cracking and removal of materials when sliding against Si₃N₄ ball under unlubricated conditions.     

Effect of substrate on the 3 body abrasion wear of HVOF WC-17 wt.% Co coatings

WC-17 wt.% Co coatings were deposited using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying onto four different substrate materials, namely aluminium, brass, 304 stainless steel and super-invar. These substrates have different coefficients of thermal expansion which have been shown to influence the final coating microstructural properties. The abrasive wear properties of the coatings were characterised using an ASTM-G65 three body abrasive wear machine with silica sand as the abrasive. The highest mass loss was recorded for the coating on the aluminium substrate whilst the coated 304 stainless steel showed the lowest mass loss. The coatings on brass and super invar experienced similar mass losses. SEM studies of the worn surfaces showed preferential removal of the Co binder phase as well as cracking and rounding of the carbide grains. The differences in wear behaviour may be attributed to the presence of residual stresses where the highest compressive residual stress led to the highest wear rate. The coatings deposited onto brass showed compressive stresses whilst those deposited onto super-invar had tensile stresses, yet these two coatings had similar wear rates. Thus further study is required to provide conclusive evidence of the role of residual stresses on the abrasion resistance of these coatings.     

Wear,erosion and corrosion resistance of HVOF-sprayed WC and Cr3C2 based coatings for electrolytic hard chrome replacement

Thermally sprayed carbide-based coatings are nowadays extensively considered as an alternative to electrolytic hard chrome (EHC) coatings to reduce the environmental impact and the overall cost associated with EHC process. In this investigation, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray process was employed to prepare coatings using the traditional carbide powders namely the WC-10Co4Cr, the Cr₃C₂-25NiCr and a new type of mixed carbide powder WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr. The Powder deposition rate, basic mechanical properties, abrasive wear, slurry erosion and corrosion resistance of the three coatings were then compared with the EHC coating. The results show that WC-10Co4Cr coating exhibited the highest hardness, abrasive wear and slurry erosion resistance followed by WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr, EHC, and Cr₃C₂-25NiCr coating. The deposition efficiency of the powders as per hierarchy was found to be WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr > WC-10Co4Cr > Cr₃C₂-25NiCr and all the HVOF sprayed coatings exhibited higher corrosion resistance than EHC coating. The highest powder deposition efficiency coupled with low density, acceptable tribo-corrosion performance, as well as low post processing cost makes the HVOF sprayed WC-40Cr₃C₂-25NiCr coating a potential candidate to replace the EHC coating.     

残余应力对涂覆WC-17Co涂层的Ni718合金弯曲疲劳寿命的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在Ni718合金表面制备WC-17Co涂层,对喷涂后的试样进行150℃? h 和300℃? h 保温热处理,利用Almen试片曲率法计算不同热处理条件下涂层中的残余应力,利用反复弯曲试验测试试样的疲劳寿命,分析残余应力对试样疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明在疲劳循环过程中,裂纹在涂层中萌生并向涂层/基体界面处扩展,最后扩展至基体内部形成最终断裂。涂层中的残余压应力能够抑制疲劳裂纹的产生和扩展。当经过保温处理后涂层中的残余压应力降低,导致试样的疲劳寿命随热处理的温度上升而下降。