多巴胺D2受体显像剂99Tcm-MBZM的合成及生物性能评价

本工作以舒必利(Sulpiride)为分子模型,在芳环的5位上引入巯基(替代磺酰胺基)合成了(S)-(-)-5-巯基-N-[(1-乙基-2-吡咯烷基)甲基]-2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺 [简写为MBZM ]左旋异构体.通过"3+1"(二元混合配体络合)方案,合成了一种新的D2受体显像剂99Tcm-MBZM.其在大鼠体内的生物分布实验结果显示,99Tcm-MBZM在血液中的清除较快,30 min后降到0.444 %ID/g;在肝和肾脏中的放射性则持续较高,30 min后仍分别达2.148和2.184 %ID/g;在脑中的摄取量偏低,2 min 时仅为0.145 %ID/g.因此99Tcm-MBZM不能作为脑受体显像剂.     

~(99)Tc~mN-CHDTC的制备,生物分布及与~(99)Tc~m-CHDTC的对比

以SnCl2 · 2H2 O为还原剂 ,丁二酰二酰肼 (SDH )为N3- 离子提供体 ,在室温下制备[99TcmN]2 +int 中间体 ,然后与二水·N 环己基 二硫代氨基甲酸钠 (CHDTC)发生配位体交换反应得到放化纯大于 90 %的99TcmN CHDTC配合物。小鼠体内的生物分布实验表明 ,99TcmN CHDTC有较高的脑摄取和较好的脑滞留。注射后 5,30 ,6 0min时 ,脑摄取量 (% /g)分别为 2 91,5 88,5 91,R(脑 /血 )比值分别为 0 14,1 4 6 ,2 10。99TcmN CHDTC在心肌中也有较高的摄取 ,但R(心 /肝 )比值低。采用甲脒亚磺酸 (FSA)作还原剂对配位体CHDTC进行99Tcm 直接标记 ,其在小鼠体内的生物分布结果表明 ,99Tcm CHDTC主要蓄积在肝脏 ,脑、心肌摄取很少。这表明放射性药物分子中引入 [99TcmN]2 +核会引起生物分布性质的明显改变     

~(99m)TcN-IBDTC与~(99m)Tc-IBDTC的对比研究

为了检验配合物分子中 [99mTcN]2 + 中心核的引入对其生物分布的影响以求找到一种新的放射性药物。采用SnCl2 ·2H2 O为还原剂 ,丁二酰二酰肼 (SDH)为N3 - 离子提供体 ,在室温下制备[99mTcN]2 + int 中间体 ,然后与配体N -异丁基 -二硫代氨基甲酸钠 (IBDTC)发生配体交换反应得到99mTcN -IBDTC配合物。同时采用甲脒亚磺酸 (FSA)作还原剂对配体IBDTC进行了99mTc直接标记。结果表明 ,99mTcN -IBDTC和99mTc -IBDTC配合物的放化纯均大于 90 % ,小鼠体内生物分布表明 ,99mTcN -IBDTC有较高的脑摄取和较好的脑滞留 ,在注射后 5、30、6 0min时脑摄取量 (%ID·g- 1)分别为 6 .2 2、5 .4 5、3.88,脑 /血比值分别为 1.5 1、2 .2 4、1.84 ,有望成为一类新型脑灌注显像剂。99mTcN -IBDTC在心肌中也有较高的摄取 ,但心肌清除快而且心 /肝比值低从而限制了其成为一类新型心肌灌注显像剂。99mTc -IBDTC主要在肝内浓集 ,而脑、心肌摄取很少。本实验提示 ,放射性药物分子中引入 [99mTcN]2 + 核会引起生物分布性质的明显改变 ,这对于设计新型放射性药物具有参考价值。     

肝受体显像剂99Tcm-HYNIC-NGA的制备与初步评价

在NGA分子上引入双功能连接剂HYNIC制备了HYNIC-NGA,选用HEDTA及Bicine两种共配体对其进行了99Tcm的标记,考察了标记物在正常小鼠体内的生物分布,并用GSA作为抑制剂(注射剂量10 mg/kg)对99Tcm-HEDTA/HYNIC-NGA进行了抑制实验.结果显示,99Tcm-bicine/HYN...     

~(99)Tc~mN-DMSA的制备及其生物分布

以SnCl2 ·2H2 O为还原剂 ,丁二酰二酰肼 (SDH)为N3 -离子提供体 ,在室温下制备 [99TcmN]2 + 中间体 ,然后与二巯丁二酸 (DMSA)发生配体交换反应 ,得到放射化学纯度大于 90 %的 99TcmN DMSA配合物。99TcmN DMSA在室温下 6h内稳定 ,脂水分配系数lgP =- 3.74 ,表明是一水溶性化合物。99TcmN DMSA在小鼠体内生物分布表明 ,与作为肾显像剂的99Tcm DMSA相比 ,其生物分布发生了较大的变化 ,99TcmN核的引入导致了较高的骨摄取值和较低的肾摄取值     

~(99)Tc~mN-CHDTC的制备,生物分布及与~(99)Tc~m-CHDTC的对比

以SnSl2.2H2O为还原剂，丁二酰二酰肼（CDH）为N^3-离子提供体，在室温下制备[^99Tc^mN]int^2 中间体，然后与二水.N－环己基－二硫代氨基甲酸钠（CHDTC）发生配位体交换反应得到放化纯大于90％的^99Tc^mN-CHDTC合物化。小鼠体内的生物分布实验表明，^99Tc^mN-CHDTC有较高的脑摄取衅好的脑滞留。注射后5，30，69min时，脑摄取量（％／g)分别为2．91，5．88，5．91，R（脑／血）比值分别为0．14，1．46，2．10。^99Tc^mN-CHDTC在心肌中也有较高的摄取，但R（心／肝）比值低。采用甲脒亚磺酸（FSA）作还原剂对配位体CHDTC进行^99Tc^m直接标记，其在小鼠体内的生物分布结果表明，^99Tc^m-CHDTC主要蓄积在肝脏、脑、心肌摄取很少。这表明放射性药物分子中引入[^99Tc^mN]^2 核会引起生物分布性质的明显改变。     

受体显像剂~(99m)Tc-NCAM在小鼠脑组织中的药物代谢动力学研究

对N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂锝标记N-[2-(N-(2-巯基乙基))氨基乙酰基]-N-(2-巯基乙基)-3,5-二甲基金刚烷胺基乙酰胺(99mTc-NCAM)进行小鼠脑组织中药物动力学研究。KM小鼠尾静脉注射0.2mL(7.4MBq)99mTc-NCAM,分别于注射后5、10、30、60、120、180min处死,取大脑皮层、纹状体、海马、小脑和丘脑,称重和测计数。以相同的时间点,小鼠断尾取血20μL,测计数。用药物动力学定域模型进行脑组织和血药动力学研究。结果表明,99mTc-NCAM静脉注射给药后迅速进脑,在大脑皮层和海马有较高的摄取,最高摄取分别为1.51±0.13%ID/g和0.74±0.002%ID/g。理论计算表明,99mTc-NCAM在小鼠体内符合二室模型,并获得各种脑组织和血液的药物动力学方程和参数。99mTc-NCAM能透过血脑屏障进入小鼠脑内特定区域,以NMDA受体分布最多的大脑皮层和海马摄取较多,可望成为一种新的NMDA受体显像剂,用于一些神经退行性疾病的诊断预后等。     

[99TcmN(PNP)]2+标记葡萄糖硫酮类衍生物混配配合物的研究

为研究新的99TcmN核心标记的心肌和肿瘤显像药物,选用自行合成的二硫化碳-葡萄糖(硫酮类)衍生物Ln(L1～L5)制备一系列带有葡萄糖衍生物基团的新型[99Tcm (DTC)(PNP)]+类配合物,经TLC和HPLC检测,配合物的放射化学纯度均大于90%.小鼠生物分布实验表明,99TcmN(PNP)Ln(L1～L5)系列配合物在正常小鼠体内初始的放射性摄取主要分布于心肌、肝、肺、肾等脏器,并且30 min内各脏器均可迅速清除.初步的荷EMT-6鼠生物分布实验显示,99TcmN(PNP)L2在肿瘤中放射性摄取不高,30 min时为(0.39±0.03)%ID/g,其它组织的放射性摄取与正常小鼠类似.     

~(99m)Tc-帕米膦酸盐的制备及骨分布

为观察99mTc标记的帕米膦酸盐(Pamidronate,PAM)的骨分布特点,以氯化亚锡为还原剂,优化99mTc直接标记PAM的条件,研究SnCl2(Ⅱ)含量、配体用量、pH及反应时间对标记率的影响,确定了优化的标记条件;考察99mTc-PAM的体外稳定性;评价99mTc-PAM在正常鼠体内的生物分布,尤其是骨摄取情况,比较99mTc-PAM与99mTc-MDP在正常小鼠体内的骨摄取。实验结果表明,PAM的99mTc标记方法简单,标记率大于95%,标记物体外稳定性好。正常鼠体内分布实验发现,99mTc-PAM骨摄取很高,且滞留时间长,在血液中清除快,在体内主要通过肾代谢;正常大鼠SPECT显像骨组织清晰可见,具有很好骨显像效果。与99mTc-MDP在正常小鼠体内的生物分布结果比较表明,99mTc-PAM的骨放射性摄取及骨与血放射性摄取比在不同时相均优于99mTc-MDP。研究表明,99mTc-PAM具有理想的骨显像性能,可用于骨显像、骨损伤探测以及肿瘤骨转移检测等应用研究。     

Aβ显像剂SUP>99/SUP>TcSUP>m

制备了新的Aβ斑块显像剂99Tcm-酰胺基氨基二硫醇(MAMA)-4-氨基-4′-二甲氨基联苯(DMABP),并研究了其在正常小鼠体内的生物分布。实验结果表明,99Tcm-MAMA-DMABP具有较高的初始脑摄取,较快的正常脑组织清除,尾静脉注射后2 min的脑摄取达0.88%/g,2 min与60 min的脑摄取率比值为2.8。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.