PⅢD技术制备Ti/DLC纳米多层薄膜

采用等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积(PⅢ&D)技术在2Cr13钢表面制备了Ti/DLC纳米多层薄膜.分析了膜层的微观结构和机械特性.实验结果表明:纳米多层膜具有完整、清晰的调制层结构,薄膜的显微硬度均得到明显的提高.硬度较低的膜层具有较好的膜基结合强度和优良的摩擦性能,从综合性能看:纳米多层薄膜保持了类金刚石(DLC)薄膜低摩擦系数的特性,具有良好的承载能力以及膜一基结合特性.     

MEVVA离子注入技术制备DLC:Ni多层厚膜

采用金属蒸汽真空弧（Metal Vapor Vacuum Arc,MEVVA）离子源注入技术,将Ni离子注入到类金刚石（Diamond．1ikeCarbon,DLC）膜中,并重复沉积和注入过程,制备出2个层数分别为10层和15层、厚度达1．0μm和1．5μm、注入剂量不同的DLC：Ni膜样品。性能测试结果显示,膜内应力得到有效释放,膜基结合紧密,仍保持较高sp3含量以及较高硬度和弹性模量,是一种制备DLC厚膜的有效方法。     

氢气流量对类金刚石薄膜结构与性能的影响

采用直流/射频耦合反应磁控溅射法在Si（100）衬底上成功制备出类金刚石（DLC）薄膜。利用表面轮廓仪、Raman光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪表征所制备薄膜在不同氢气流量下的沉积速率和化学结构,讨论了氢气流量对薄膜沉积速率和化学结构的影响;利用纳米压痕技术及曲率弯曲法表征薄膜的力学性能;利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜表征薄膜的表面形貌与粗糙度。研究表明：随着氢气流量的增加,所制备薄膜的沉积速率逐渐减小,而薄膜中sp³键的含量逐渐增大。当氢气流量为25 mL/min时,薄膜中sp³键的含量为36.3%,薄膜的硬度和体弹性模量分别达到最大值17.5 GPa和137 GPa。同时,所制备薄膜的内应力均低于0.5 GPa,有望成功制备出低内应力的高质量DLC厚膜。随着氢气流量的增加,DLC薄膜的表面变得更致密光滑,且表面均方根粗糙度由5.40 nm降为1.46 nm。     

CrN活塞环涂层的工艺制备与摩擦学性能研究

论文采用多弧离子镀技术在活塞环表面制备了CrN涂层,系统地研究了不同N2含量对CrN涂层的相结构和纳米硬度的影响规律.并采用CETR微动摩擦磨损试验机比较研究了Cr电镀层与CrN涂层的高温微动摩擦磨损性能,研究结果表明:随着N2含量的增加,薄膜由Cr2N(211)相过渡到CrN(220)相;膜层的纳米硬度随N2含量的增加而增大,并出现两个峰值;与Cr电镀层相比,CrN涂层主要以磨粒磨损为主,犁沟较窄且平滑,抗高温粘着磨损性能明显增强,而且摩擦系数较小,具有较好的摩擦匹配性能,更适合用于活塞环服役的高温磨损环境.     

偏压对铀表面多弧离子镀Ti/TiN多层膜的结构及抗腐蚀性能影响研究

在不同偏压下,利用多弧离子镀技术在U和Si基体上制备了Ti/TiN多层薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对多层膜的组织结构和薄膜界面形貌进行了分析。研究表明：脉冲偏压不但影响多层膜物相各衍射峰的强度,还诱导新相Ti₂N的出现。制备的多层膜呈“犬牙”交错的层状、柱状结构生长。随脉冲偏压的增加,柱状晶结构细化,薄膜变得更加致密。通过50μg/gCl^－溶液腐蚀研究表明：Ti/TiN多层膜提高抗腐蚀性能源于层状失效,使得腐蚀介质到达基体更加困难,抗腐蚀性能优良。     

硅离子注入聚合物摩擦特性研究

采用金属蒸汽真空弧（MEVVA）离子注入机引出的Si离子进行了聚酯薄膜（PET）改性研究，注入后的聚酯膜表面结构发生了很大的变化。用透射电子显微镜观察了注入聚酯膜的横截面，结果表明，在注入层形成颗粒的沉积。红外吸收测量揭示这些颗粒为SiC和富集的碳颗粒。这些颗粒增强了注入层表面强化效果。用纳米硬度计测量显示，Si离子注入可明显地提高聚酯膜表面硬度和杨氏模量，从而极大地的增强了表面抗磨损特性。最后讨论了Si离子注入聚酯膜改善特性的机理。     

感应耦合等离子体源制备硬质类金刚石膜的研究

采用感应耦合等离子体源(ICPS)成功地实现化学气相沉积硬质类金刚石(DLC)膜,并考察了基片负偏压对类金刚石膜沉积过程和薄膜性质的影响。薄膜的微观形貌、显微硬度、沉积速率以及结构成分分析表明感应耦合等离子体源适于制备硬质类金刚石膜,并且在相对较低的基片负偏压条件就可以获得高硬度的类金刚石膜。基片负偏压对类金刚石膜化学气相沉积过程和薄膜性质都有显著影响。     

离子束辅助沉积TiN/Ag多层膜的抗菌性和抗腐蚀性

用离子束辅助沉积（IBAD）方法在医用不锈钢317L上制备TiN／Ag多层膜。用琼脂平板法测试了样品的抗菌率,测试菌种为革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（E．coil）和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌（S．aureus）;用电化学腐蚀的方法检测了薄膜在Hank’s模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能;通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和俄歇电子能谱（AES）分析研究了薄膜的结构特征和各元素的深度分布。研究结果表明：当多层膜TiN／Ag的调制周期为8nm时（5nm TiN＋3nm Ag）,表现出很强的抗菌性,抗菌率达到99％以上;而且抗腐蚀性能比医用不锈钢317L有所提高,接近单层TiN薄膜。     

感应耦合等离子体源制备硬质类金刚石膜的研究

采用感应耦合等离子体源 (ICPS)成功地实现了化学气相沉积硬质类金刚石 (DLC)膜 ,并考察了基片负偏压对类金刚石膜沉积过程和薄膜性质的影响。薄膜的微观形貌、显微硬度、沉积速率以及结构成分分析表明感应耦合等离子体源适于制备硬质类金刚石膜 ,并且在相对较低的基片负偏压条件下就可以获得高硬度的类金刚石膜。基片负偏压对类金刚石膜化学气相沉积过程和薄膜性质都有显著影响。     

多层介质/金属紫外滤光膜系的辐照损伤特性

利用电子束蒸发方法制备用于BaF₂晶体慢成分滤光的多层介质/金属紫外滤光膜系。在γ射线、中子和激光辐照环境中研究薄膜的损伤特性。结果表明：薄膜对γ射线和中子具有优良的耐辐照特性；在激光辐照环境中，薄膜的激光损伤阈值受多层薄膜中金属层的影响，激光入射时，最先辐照到的金属层的厚度决定了多层薄膜的耐激光辐照损伤特性。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.