金龙泉 干求更好 争创一流

湖北金龙泉集团是一家以资本为纽带、以品牌为核心、以啤酒为龙头,拥有固定资产15亿元,年啤酒生产能力达60万吨的跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制的大型企业。公司自1978年择业生产啤酒以来,坚持“以素质促质量,以质量促市场,以市场促规模,以规模促效益,以效益促发展”的经营宗旨,不仅抓住了转产啤酒、贷款扩建和合资发展三大机遇,实现了制度、技术、营销三大创新,加强了班子、队伍、文化等三大建设,而且摸索出一整套理性的发展思路,使主业啤酒的年生产能力由350吨上升到60万吨,其主导产品金龙泉、金龙王系列啤酒被北京人民大会堂确定为宴会用酒,…     

黑芝麻豆奶饮料的研制

以黑芝麻、豆奶为主要原料 ,配以甜味剂、稳定剂等 ,经调配、均质、杀菌等处理 ,制成一种营养丰富的黑芝麻豆奶饮料。以口感评定为标准 ,确定了产品的配方 ;以稳定性为标准 ,确定了稳定剂的配比及工艺参数。     

基于技能竞赛的高职艺术设计专业教学改革之探析

随着社会对高职教育的重视,如何让高职教育从中职教育、本科教育中脱颖而出,凸显高职的高端技能人才培养的问题摆上了教改的议事日程。技能竞赛成为了当前高职教学的重要手段,成为了职业院校比拼的擂台项目,也造就了职业院校的"奥林匹克"舞台。同样在艺术设计的高职教育中,技能竞赛也成为了教学中的"助燃剂"、"孵化器"。以赛促理念、以赛促教、以赛促学、以赛促工作室和以赛促企业合作,其为艺术设计专业的教学改革带来了新思考与新动力。     

真空压力浸渍蒸煮监控系统

以真空压力浸渍蒸煮设备为对象,采用组态控制技术,开发了以IPC为核心、以通用板卡为接口、以组态软件为平台的真空压力浸渍蒸煮监控系统,实现了整个工艺流程的可视化和工艺过程的控制自动化.     

高校课程思政教学改革的思考——以《中国古代家具文化》课程为例

论文以《中国古代家具文化》课程改革为例,提出了将立德树人思想融入课程方案设计的主张;从以器传道、以术立信、以艺育人三个角度,探讨了思想政治教育融入课程教学的路径;从教学理念、教学方法、教学内容三个方面,归纳了思想政治教育贯穿于课程教学的全过程。     

服饰品牌的符号化设计及识别分析

针对国内服饰品牌在符号化设计方面存在寓意不明确、缺乏强烈的识别性符号等问题,对服饰品牌的符号化设计及识别展开研究。首先介绍了服饰品牌符号化的设计元素;其次总结了高端服饰品牌的符号化设计及识别经验,包括以创始者的名字为符号、以产品特征或特殊定位为符号、以品牌精神或品牌风格为符号、以产品的历史渊源和精湛的工艺为符号、以消费群体中的特殊名人效应为符号、以宗教神话艺术为符号6大类;最后对现阶段我国服饰品牌的符号化设计提出了几点建议,以供借鉴和参考。     

用心经营拓市场克难求进创新绩

江苏通裕纺织集团有限公司坚持以营销工作为抓手、以品牌为立足点、以出口为新亮点、以新品为增长点、以增效为中心的工作思路,取得了两个文明双丰收的喜人业绩. 2002年实现销售 6.5亿元,利润 3208万元,涌现了第九、十届全国劳模毛洪梅,全纺劳模李开武,企业名列全国棉纺织行业前 30强.我们深刻感到,成绩的取得,归功于持之以恒地抓好营销工作.     

我国罐头行业涌现一批强势企业

以原料供应地为龙头 ,我国罐头产业分布区已趋向明朗化 ,也成长起一批产品质量过硬、品种多样、不断创新的实力企业。据悉 ,目前 ,我国鱼类罐头的产区以广东、福建、浙江、辽宁等沿海地区为主 ;柑橘罐头以浙江、湖南等为主要产区 ;肉类罐头以上海、福建、四川为主产区 ;桃罐头以河北为主产区 ;蘑菇、芦笋罐头以福建、山东、云南为主产区 ;番茄酱以新疆为主产区 ;竹笋罐头以浙江、福建、江西为主产区。罐头产品分布的地域化 ,使罐头行业密切地融入地方产业之中 ,为拉动地方经济做出了贡献 ,同时 ,促进了农产品转化增值和农业产业化发展。我国…     

复合马铃薯膨化条的配方与加工工艺

以优质新鲜马铃薯为基本原料,通过添加牛奶以弥补马铃薯蛋白质、钙、维生素A不足的缺点,添加谷物以解决纯马铃薯粉膨化率低的不足。通过单因素考察,本试验以玉米面、糯米粉、面粉、鲜马铃薯为配方的显著影响因素,以水分含量、膨化温度、挤压膨化机的螺旋杆转速为主要的工艺控制条件,对复合马铃薯膨化条进行了初步试验,用正交实验确定了最佳配方和最佳工艺条件。     

乡村振兴战略下农产品品牌建设策略的研究

乡村振兴背景下,“三农”问题备受社会各界关注,通过提升农产品品质、打造农产品品牌、加速农村产业转型升级,有助于开创农村经济发展新空间。基于当前农产品品牌建设所面临的意识不强、资源受限、宣传推广受困等问题,本文提出了做好规划以创建系统品牌、重视质量以打造优质产品、突出特色以塑造品牌形象、创新宣传以做好品牌推广、加强监督以优化品牌管理等对策建议,并结合具体实例一一做了论述。     

Distribution of hydrophilic and lipophilic antibacterial drugs in skim milk,cream, and casein

This study determined the distribution of drugs to different milk fractions according to their physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic drugs tend to concentrate in skim milk, whereas lipophilic drugs tend to concentrate in cream. The concentration of a drug in casein is related to its degree of binding to milk proteins. Thus, we aimed to determine whether withdrawal time in whole milk differs from that in cream, casein, and skim milk. Amoxicillin and tylosin were selected as prototype hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, respectively. The study was conducted in vitro and in vivo to determine whether in vitro conditions reflect the distribution of drugs in the different milk fractions in vivo. The in vivo study was conducted using a crossover design on 6 healthy Holstein dairy cattle. First, amoxicillin (i.m., single dose, 14 mg/kg) was administered to cows. Following a 1-wk washout period, tylosin (i.m., single dose, 15 mg/kg) was administered. Concentrations of amoxicillin and tylosin in milk and milk fractions were measured using HPLC-UV. In the in vitro study, 0.04 to 400 μg/g of amoxicillin and 0.05 to 50 μg/g of tylosin were spiked to drug-free milk and the concentrations in milk and milk fractions were measured. In addition, the percentage of total protein in milk and milk fractions was determined. Amoxicillin accumulated more in skim milk than in cream and casein, both in vitro (92%) and in vivo (73%, skim milk-to-whole milk ratio). The distribution of tylosin in whole and skim milk was similar to that of amoxicillin in the in vitro study, in contrast to the accumulation of tylosin in cream seen in vivo. However, the accumulation ratio of tylosin in cream was lower than expected. By either method, tylosin was less concentrated in casein than in skim milk and cream. The percentage of total protein was similar in skim milk and whole milk and higher than in cream. Thus, amoxicillin accumulates less in cream and casein, suggesting that these fractions would pose a lower risk to the consumer. Tylosin was still present at the maximum residue limit (50 μg/kg) 24 h after injection in the casein fraction and 48 h after injection in the cream fraction.     

红车轴草不同部位中异黄酮含量的测定

采用反相高效液相色谱法对红车轴草不同部位(花、茎和叶)中四种主要异黄酮(鸡豆黄素A、芒柄花黄素、染料木素和大豆黄素)的含量进行了测定,结果表明:以占干物质计,4种异黄酮总量,叶中含量最高(0.856%),茎次之(0.403%),花中含量较低(0.258%)。鸡豆黄素A和芒柄花黄素是红车轴草中两种最主要的异黄酮,主要分布在叶中,其次是茎,花中含量较低。染料木素和大豆黄素,无论是花、茎还是叶,含量均较低。     

我国不同生态区云烟97烟叶主要品质性状差异分析

为掌握云烟97在我国不同生态区烟叶的主要品质性状差异,系统分析了云南曲靖（清香型烟区）、贵州毕节（中偏清香型烟区）和重庆武隆（中间香型烟区）3个烤烟种植生态区云烟97烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、风格特征和烟气品质。结果表明,贵州毕节烟叶烟气品质综合得分最高,中部叶干草香香韵、香气质、香气量和透发性得分显著高于云南和重庆,还原糖含量和烟气浓度显著高于重庆;云南曲靖烟叶外观质量最好,中部叶总氮含量、氮碱比值以及烟气飘逸感得分均显著高于贵州和重庆,烟气浓度和劲头得分居中,清香型特点显著;重庆武隆烟叶外观质量居中,中部叶总植物碱含量、烟气刺激性、干燥感和悬浮感得分均显著高于云南和贵州,而糖碱比和余味得分则显著低于云南和贵州,中间香型特点显著。由云南经贵州向重庆方向,云烟97烟叶清甜香韵和烟气飘逸感逐渐减弱,木香香韵和烟气悬浮感逐渐加强。     

Effects of duration of moderate increases in grain feeding on endotoxins in the digestive tract and acute phase proteins in peripheral blood of yearling calves

Effects of duration of grain feeding on the concentration of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in digesta throughout the digestive tract and on acute phase proteins and LPS in peripheral blood were determined in Holstein yearling calves. Twenty-five Holstein yearling steer calves received either a forage-based diet containing 92% hay and 8% of a mineral and vitamin pellet on a dry matter basis (CON) or a moderate-grain diet, obtained by replacing 41.5% of the hay in the forage-based diet with barley grain, for 3 (MG3), 7 (MG7), 14 (MG14), or 21 d (MG21) before slaughter. Immediately before slaughter, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. Immediately after slaughter, digesta samples were collected from the rumen, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Rumen liquid digesta, digesta from the intestines, and peripheral blood plasma were analyzed for LPS. Peripheral blood plasma and serum were analyzed for the acute phase proteins amyloid A, haptoglobin, and LPS-binding protein. Feeding the grain diet increased the LPS concentration in rumen fluid linearly from 15,488 endotoxin units (EU)/mL for CON to 70,146 EU/mL for MG7. Concentrations of LPS in rumen fluid in MG14 and MG21 were 61,944 and 56,234 EU/mL, respectively, and did not differ. The LPS concentrations in jejunal digesta were much lower than that in digesta elsewhere in the digestive tract, which suggests that ruminal LPS is broken down in the abomasum or proximal jejunum. The concentration of digesta LPS in the ileum was higher than that of digesta elsewhere in the intestines and similar to that in rumen fluid. The duration of grain feeding increased the LPS concentration in digesta in the ileum and cecum and tended to increase that in the colon cubically. Concentrations of LPS in this part of the digestive tract were highest in the MG3 and MG21 groups. The highest concentrations of LPS in digesta in the cecum, colon, and rectum were 3.7, 3.8, and 5.6 times higher than that in CON, respectively. Grain feeding and the increase in LPS in digesta were not accompanied by an acute phase response or a detectable concentration of LPS in peripheral blood. The absence of LPS in peripheral blood and the lack of increase in acute phase proteins indicated that the grain feeding protocol used in the current study and the accompanying changes in LPS concentrations of the digesta did not result in systemic inflammation.     

Retention of mineral constituents in frozen brassicas depending on the method of preliminary processing of the raw material and preparation of frozen products for consumption

The content of ash, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni was determined in four species of brassicas: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and green and white cauliflowers. The investigation covered the raw material, the material blanched or cooked before freezing and frozen products after 12 months of refrigerated storage and prepared for consumption. Frozen products were obtained by the traditional method of freezing the blanched material or by the modified method of freezing the cooked material. The processing of vegetables before freezing (washing, grinding, blanching or cooking) caused statistically significant decreases in most constituents analysed. Blanching did not basically change the content of sodium and calcium; or that of chromium in both types of cauliflower; copper and nickel in white cauliflower; and nickel and phosphorus in Brussels sprouts. Cooking in brine, however, caused increases in the content of ash, sodium and calcium in white cauliflower, decreases in the content of potassium and iron and, in some species, of the remaining constituents. In comparison with the traditional method, a greater content of most analysed elements was found in frozen products obtained by the modified technology and prepared for consumption. However, no significant differences were noted in the level of chromium in all the samples; in the level of calcium in broccoli and green cauliflower; of nickel in broccoli; of nickel, copper and zinc in white cauliflower; and of copper in green cauliflower.     

Assessment of endogenous androgen levels in meat,liver and testis of Iranian native cross-breed male sheep and bull by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Androgenic steroids always exist in different animal tissues at trace level, with significant numbers of interfering compounds, which makes their determination difficult. To solve some of the problems in quantification of the natural steroids in those tissues, a new GC-MS method was developed in this study. By using a surrogate analyte approach, which was developed in the authors’ previous studies, and extensive sample preparation procedure, which successfully eliminates many of the interfering compounds and resulting in a cleaner extract, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity of the method for the determination of steroids in complex matrices such as meat, liver and testis were improved. By aid of this method, the levels of androgens in different tissues of Iranian native cross-breed bulls and male sheep were determined. According to the results obtained in the present study, although the androgenic profile (contents and ratios of precursors and metabolites to the main hormones) is similar between the same tissues of both animals, the total androgenic content of each tissue is higher in the bull than the same tissue in male sheep. In addition, in both animals higher amount of androgens were found in liver in comparison with meat and testis.     

酸汤对酸汤牛肉特征风味及品质的影响

研究酸汤（红酸汤、白酸汤、混合酸汤（红酸汤＋白酸汤））煮制对牛肉感官品质、pH值、色泽、水分含量、蒸煮损失率、嫩度、质构等理化特性的影响,并结合气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析酸汤牛肉挥发性成分,评价酸汤牛肉综合品质。结果表明,与对照组比较,酸汤可显著提高牛肉的嫩度和水分含量,降低牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性,改善牛肉的色泽和感官品质。白酸汤牛肉蒸煮损失率、硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性最低,水分含量最高,红酸汤牛肉水分含量次之。红酸汤牛肉与白酸汤牛肉嫩度无显著差异,红酸汤可以显著提高牛肉红度值和黄度值。混合酸汤对牛肉亮度值提升效果较好。红酸汤和白酸汤中乳酸质量浓度最高,分别为23.27、4.90 mg/mL。酸汤牛肉中共鉴定出挥发性风味物质55 种,不同酸汤牛肉挥发性成分存在明显差异;与对照组比较,酸汤煮制牛肉可降低醛类物质相对含量,增加酯类、酸类和酮类物质相对含量,其中,红酸汤牛肉酯类和酸类物质相对含量较高,醛类物质相对含量较低,感官评分最高,口感风味最佳。红酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为乳酸乙酯、丁醛、乙酸、苯甲醛（二聚体）、2-甲基丙酸等;白酸汤牛肉主要特征风味物质为丙醇、2-丁酮、3-戊酮、丙酸等;混合酸汤牛肉以酮类物质为主要特征风味物质。与对照组相比,酸汤牛肉中部分风味物质增加,形成酸汤牛肉特有的特征风味。综上所述,红酸汤牛肉挥发性风味成分丰富,感官评价及综合品质更好,红酸汤是制作酸汤牛肉的适宜选择。     

Distribution of chloramphenicol to tissues,plasma and urine in pigs after oral intake of low doses

Toxic effects of chloramphenicol in humans caused the ban for its use in food-producing animals in the EU. A minimum required performance level (MRPL) was specified for chloramphenicol at 0.3 μg kg^–1 for various matrices, including urine. In 2012, residues of chloramphenicol were found in pig urine and muscle without signs of illegal use. Regarding its natural occurrence in straw, it was hypothesised that this might be the source, straw being compulsory for use as bedding material for pigs in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated if low daily doses of chloramphenicol (4, 40 and 400 μg/pig) given orally during 14 days could result in residues in pig tissues and urine. A dose-related increase of residues was found in muscle, plasma, kidney and urine (showing the highest levels), but no chloramphenicol was found in the liver. At the lowest dose, residues were below the MRPL in all tissues except in the urine. However, in the middle dose, residues were above the MRPL in all tissues except muscle, and at the highest dose in all matrices. This study proves that exposure of pigs to chloramphenicol in doses occurring naturally in straw could result in residues above the MRPL in plasma, kidney and especially urine.     

不同收割期坛紫菜挥发性成分分析

通过电子鼻和SPME-GC-MS 方法对不同收割期的坛紫菜的挥发性成分进行分析,电子鼻实验表明不同收割期的坛紫菜挥发性成分差异明显;SPME 萃取坛紫菜的挥发性成分,通过GC-MS 分别从一水、二水、三水和四水坛紫菜中分离鉴定出35、38、51 和55 种化合物,其中以醛酮类和烷烃类为主,8- 十七烯、壬醛和己醛是坛紫菜中主要的挥发性物质;实验结果还表明一水和二水坛紫菜挥发性成分变化较小,质量较稳定,三水和四水坛紫菜挥发性变化较大,因此一水和二水坛紫菜适宜开发作为食品。     

Effects of applying sodium and sulphur fertilisers on the concentrations of elements in water leached from permanent pasture

The element composition of water leached from a perennial ryegrass pasture to which isonitrogenous quantities of sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate fertilisers had been applied in an experiment lasting 2 years is described. The experimental design also allowed a comparison of the immediate effects of sodium nitrate in the grazing season in which the fertiliser was applied with the residual effects of applying it in the previous year. Applying sodium fertiliser in either 1992 or 1993, but not both years, increased the concentrations of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and cobalt and reduced those of phosphorus and molybdenum in leachate. The application of sulphur fertiliser reduced the concentrations of zinc, copper, iron and molybdenum in leachate. It also reduced the concentrations of sodium, potassium and magnesium, but only when sodium fertiliser was applied in 1992, and not when it was applied in 1993. It is concluded that sulphur fertiliser reduces the leaching of trace elements from the soil and that, in the long term, sodium fertiliser can amplify the effect of applying sulphur fertiliser. Sodium fertiliser in moderate quantities increased the leaching of the major divalent cations but reduced the phosphorus and molybdenum concentrations in leachate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry