基于DDS技术正弦信号发生器的设计

为了能够方便地产生波形平滑、频率稳定的正弦信号波形,提出了一种基于DDS技术的正弦信号发生器的设计方法。介绍了DDS技术在波形产生功能电路中的应用,并对FPGA实现DDS功能做了具体的说明。介绍了DDS技术的基本原理,论述了基于FPGA实现正弦/余弦信号发生器和32位序列信号发生器的设计方案。最后,实验结果表明:采用该方法设计的正弦波形发生器输出的波形与传统的正弦波形发生器相比,具有波形平滑、波形稳定度高、频率稳定度和分辨率高等诸多优点。     

基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器设计

文章介绍了基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器的设计。详细讨论了CPLD器件在DDS技术实现中的具体应用。该任意波形发生器具有输出频率稳定、准确 ,波形质量好和输出频率范围宽等优点     

基于AD9858的雷达信号波形产生器设计

针对直接数字频率合成器（DDS）AD9858的特点及工作模式,提出了一种通过计算机并口控制AD9858的雷达信号波形产生器,可模拟产生高性能多波形复杂雷达发射源信号,该雷达信号波形发生器输出信号频率、相位、幅度可调,结构简单。     

任意波发生器的研究与设计

在任意波形发生器设计中,DDS技术具有成本低、功耗小、分辨率高和切换时间快等优点,但波形形状任意可编辑性较差;软件无线电技术可产生任意复杂波形,但切换时间慢。采用DDS和软件无线电相结合的技术,正弦波、三角波、方波等普通信号的产生用DDS实现;复杂无规则波形信号的产生用软件无线电实现;最后任意波形发生器通过波形存储器、相位累加器、取样时钟发生器、地址发生器等硬件平台设计和软件波形算法设计来共同完成。     

FPGA实现的任意波形发生器的设计

运用DDS原理,进行任意波形发生器的设计,使得任意波形发生器兼顾DDS的优点.设计中通过实现DDS模块与单片机接口的控制部分将频率控制字由单片输入到输入寄存器模块,由相位累加器模块对输入频率控制字进行累加运算,输出作为双口RAM的读地址线,读数据线上即输出了波形幅度量化数据.其中双口RAM的内容由单片机进行更新,从而实现任意波形的发生.本设计中的相位累加器采用了8级流水线结构借助前5级的超前进位的方法,使得编译的最高工作频率由317.97 MHz提高到336.7 MHz,实现了任意波形的发生,节约了成本,提高了开发周期,具有可行性.     

引领频率合成技术潮流DDS在任意波发生器中的应用

直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术凭借其相对带宽宽、转换时间短、分辨率高、输出相位连续、可产生宽带正交信号及其他多种调制信号、可编程、全数字化以及控制灵活方便等特性,近年来得到普遍应用.本文介绍了DDS的原理和技术特点,给出DDS在任意波形发生器中的应用并讨论了在任意波形发生器中采用DDS的优势和缺陷.     

一种新型虚拟任意波形发生器的设计

通过分析传统任意波形发生器（AWG）的局限性,提出了一种基于通用串行总线（USB）和直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术的新型虚拟AWG的设计方法,并详细讨论了虚拟AWG的软件设计及硬件实现。该波形发生器操作灵活,可以产生任意波形的周期性信号,能灵活控制波形的幅值、频率和相位,并且在很宽的频率范围内快速切换频率,在自动测试、雷达等方面有着广泛的应用价值。     

DDS的频谱分析及在波形信号产生中的应用

直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术具有频率分辨率高、转换速度快的优点。首先介绍了DDS的工作原理,然后分析了DDS的输出频谱以及改善杂散的方法,最后给出了DDS技术在信号产生中的应用设计方案,详细讨论了FPGA器件在基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器中的应用,并给出了实现波形数据压缩的VHDL程序。结果表明该系统操作灵活,可靠性高,易于实现。     

基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器研究与设计

介绍了直接数字频率合成(DDS)的基本原理和基于DDS技术的任意波形发生器的结构及工作方式,给出了任意波形发生器各组成电路的设计方案以及DDS通道的FPGA实现方法.     

基于DDS的正弦波信号发生器的设计

在频率合成领域中,直接数字合成（DDS）是近年来新的技术,它是从相位概念出发直接合成所需波形的一种新的全数字技术的频率合成方法。本文研究基于直接数字合成（DDS）技术的任意波形发生器（AWG）系统设计。以DDS技术为核心,采用FPGA芯片作为系统的硬件实现平台,利用VHDL语言编程实现正弦波的标准波形。结构紧凑,电路简...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks