AZ61镁合金薄板超塑性变形特征的SEM研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和超塑性拉伸实验对一次热挤压加工成型的AZ61镁合金薄板(晶粒尺寸～12μm)超塑性变形特征进行了研究.结果显示,在最佳的变形温度(623K)和应变速率(1×10-4s-1)条件下,可获得的最大的超塑性形变量为920%.在523～673 K实验温度和1×10-2～1×10-5s-1应变速率范围内,材料的应变速率敏感指数(m值)随实验温度升高和应变速率的降低而增加.较高的m值(0.42～0.46)对应于晶界滑动机制(GBS),而较低的m值(0.22～0.25)则对应于位错滑移机制.变形温度和应变速率是影响超塑性变形量和变量机制的主要因素.     

细晶高强铝合金7475超塑变形行为

7475高强铝合金经过由固溶处理、轧制、再结晶组成的形变热处理工艺细化晶粒后,在适当条件下变形可呈现出良好的超塑性。在最佳变形条件下(T=510℃,ε_0=8.33×10~(-4)S~(-1)),获得最大延伸率为1700%。显微组织观察表明:Ⅲ区变形机制以晶间滑移为主,在晶内形成了位错亚结构。Ⅱ区的变形机制为晶界滑移伴随晶内位错运动。位错密度随应变的增加而增加。在Ⅰ区变形以扩散蠕度为主不包括晶间滑移。超塑变形Ⅱ区的激活能接近于体扩激散活能。基体中的体扩散是该合金超塑变形的速控过程     

高Ca/Al比的Mg-Al-Ca合金的超塑性

针对3种高Ca/Al比的Mg-Al-Ca合金(Mg-3.7Al-3.8Ca,Mg-4.4Al-4.5Ca和Mg-4.9Al-5.0Ca)的超塑性行为展开研究,研究结果表明,铸态镁合金具有二次相Al2Ca分布于晶界的枝晶结构。经挤压后,合金的晶粒被细化,二次相也被细化为更小的粒子。这些合金在400℃时表现出很高的伸长率,Mg-4.9Al-5.0Ca在400℃时3.6×10-4 s-1应变速率下获得最大伸长率572%。超塑性流变的变形机制为晶格扩散(DL)控制的晶界滑移(GBS)。对于挤压态Mg-4.9Al-5.0Ca合金,大部分高温稳定相Al2Ca粒子尺寸为80nm,对晶粒长大的抑制作用强烈,在晶界滑移时协调变形,因此在3种合金中Mg-4.9Al-5.0Ca具有最好的超塑性。     

Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑性的研究进展

详细的对Ti3Al金属间化合物的超塑性研究进展状况进行了总结和评述.根据现有的研究结果可知,此类合金的最佳超塑性变形温度为940～980℃,最佳超塑性变形的应变速率为10-4～10-3s-1,其最大延伸率可达1500%左右,接近于普通钛合金的超塑性水平.Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑变形的主要机制是晶界滑动,失效的主要原因是空洞的形成和连接.针对已取得的研究成果和在目前研究中仍然存在的问题,提出了一些有关Ti3Al金属间化合物超塑性研究的看法.     

QAL_(10—3—1.5)铝青铜超塑变形机制分析

本文研究了硬度相差较大的两相合金QA110-3-1.5铝青铜超塑变形机制。其中的α相较硬,晶粒不易变形,β相较软,晶粒易于塑性变形,且没有固定形状。晶界滑动是超塑变形的主要机制,晶内位错滑移和扩散蠕变则对晶界滑动起着协调作用。     

5A90铝锂合金超塑性变形机理的定量研究

通过聚焦离子束在5A90铝锂合金试样表面蚀刻微米尺寸高分辨网格,在温度480℃、初始变形速率1×10~(-3)s~(-1)的变形条件下,定量研究其超塑性变形过程中晶界滑移和晶内位错滑移对总变形的贡献量,并采用扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射观察合金超塑性变形的组织演变作为佐证。结果表明:位错运动在超塑性变形初期(ε0.65)的贡献量约为60%～80%,为主要变形机制,在该阶段条带状晶粒逐渐细化和等轴化,平均晶粒尺寸减小约40%,晶粒转动作为协调机制;随着应变量的增大,发生明显的动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸开始增大,晶内位错滑移的作用逐渐减小,晶界滑移成为变形的主要机制。     

硬铝 LY12的动态再结晶诱发超塑性

研究了供应状态的变形铝合金 LY 12Y 高温变形时的动态再结晶诱发超塑性效应。未经任何预处理的供应状态 LY 12Y 板材可以在较宽的温度及应变速率范围内产生超塑性效应,最大延伸率δ_(max)=243%。分析表明,该效应是由变形初期的动态再结晶诱发产生;诱发过程可分为三个阶段。对第二相粒子在过程的作用及动态再结晶的形核方式进行了探讨。     

金属间化合物的组织超塑性行为

综述了金属间化合物的组织超塑性行为的最新进展状况,介绍了镍基（Ni3Al,Ni3Si,NiAl）、钛基（TiAl,Ti3Al）、铁基（Fe3Al,F3Al和Fe3Si）和钴基（Co3Ti）金属间化合物的粗晶和细晶组织的超塑性行为（CSS and FSS）,着重于微观组织的分析以及变形机制的阐述,讨论了动态再结晶（DRX）在超塑性变形中的作用;传统的动态再结晶（DRX）是细晶结构金属间化合物超塑性变形的一种有效的协调机制。而连续的动态再结晶（CRX）是粗晶结构金属间化合物超塑性变形的主要机制。还展望了金属间化合物超塑性的研究方向。     

Zn－Al共析合金室温超塑性变形机理

本文用电镜等对室温下超塑性变形中的Ｚｎ－２２％Ａｌ共析合金的组织变化进行了观察，发现在该合金中α相（富Ａｌ相）＋β相（富Ｚｎ相）两相组织中，在三叉晶界存在亚微观破坏区和显微孔洞，在α、β晶界的某些区域存在条纹带，某些晶粒内部存在大量位错及其缠结。据此得出超塑性变形的主要机制是晶界滑动、孔洞和位错运动松弛晶界引起应力集中，协调了晶界滑动的连续进行。条纹带是晶界迁移的结果。     

超塑性合金的现状与展望

所谓超塑性,是指在单轴拉伸时不会形成缩颈而能产生非常大的延伸率的特性,具有这样高塑性的合金称为超塑性合金。超塑性这一术语是1945年苏联首先运用的。在此之前,早在1920年就有人发表过有关金属材料的异常高延性方面的报告,但在当时并     

Superplasticity Enhanced by Two-stage Deformation in a Hot-extruded AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

A two-stage strain rate deformation method is proposed to enhance the superplasticity in a hot extruded AZ61 alloy. In the stage-one of deformation, a relatively high strain rate was applied in order to obtain fine grains through dynamic recrystallization. The optimum strain rate for DRX at 300℃ was identified as -5×10-3s-1. Stage-two is conducted at relatively low strain rate in order to utilize the fine grains refined by DRX during stage-one to make the grain boundary sliding operate more smoothly, which resulting in enhanced superplastic elongation from 350% to 440%.     

Superplasticity of fine-grained magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review

The superplastic behavior of medical magnesium alloys is reviewed in this overview article. Firstly, the basics of superplasticity and superplastic forming via grain boundary sliding (GBS) as the main deformation mechanism are discussed. Subsequently, the biomedical Mg alloys and their properties are tabulated. Afterwards, the superplasticity of biocompatible Mg-Al, Mg-Zn, Mg-Li, and Mg-RE (rare earth) alloys is critically discussed, where the influence of grain size, hot deformation temperature, and strain rate on the tensile ductility (elongation to failure) is assessed. Moreover, the thermomechanical processing routes (e.g. by dynamic recrystallization (DRX)) and severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods for grain refinement and superplasticity in each alloying system are introduced. The importance of thermal stability (thermostability) of the microstructure against the grain coarsening (grain growth) is emphasized, where the addition of alloying elements for the formation of thermally stable pinning particles and segregation of solutes at grain boundaries are found to be major controlling factors. It is revealed that superplasticity at very high temperatures can be achieved in the presence of stable rare-earth intermetallics. On the other hand, the high-strain-rate superplasticity and low-temperature superplasticity in Mg alloys with great potential for industrial applications are summarized. In this regard, it is shown that the ultrafine-grained (UFG) duplex Mg-Li alloys might show remarkable superplasticity at low temperatures. Finally, the future prospects and distinct research suggestions are summarized. Accordingly, this paper presents the opportunities that superplastic Mg alloys can offer for the biomedical industries.     

Microstructure Evolution During High-Temperature Deformation of 8090 Al-Li Alloy

The microstructure evolution of an as-processed 8090 Al-Li alloy during high temperature deformation has been investigated with emphasis on the dynamic grain size refinement and the formation of high-angle grain boundaries. Tensile tests were conducted at temperatures 470-560°C and initial strain rates of 10^-2-10^-6 s^-1. The starting and deformed samples were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). The material showed a maximum elongation to failure of 660% at 530°C and strain rate of 10^-3 s^-1. A microstructural transformation from coarse grains to uniform fine microstructure through dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was observed. The DRX process was characterized by (1) a bimodal microstructure, (2) a gradual increase in average boundary misorientation angles, and (3) a gradual decrease of microtexture. The development of high angle boundaries was attributed to the absorption of dislocations into subboundaries and the grain boundary sliding (GBS)-induced subgrain rotation. The microstructural evolution was suggested to be responsible for the superplastic behavior observed in this as-processed material.     

超硬铝LC9合金的超塑性研究

微细晶粒超硬铝LC9合金在470～530℃温度范围内,速率为8.33×10~(-4)～1.66×10~(-2)s~(-1)条件下拉伸呈显出良好的超塑性。在最佳超塑性条件下(T=515℃,ε=1.66×10~(-3)s~(-1))获得延伸率δ=1300％、流变应力δ=1.7MN/M~2应变速率敏感性指数m=0.66 金相和电镜观察表明,在超塑流变过程中,除发生晶界滑动,扩散蠕变外,还发生明显的动态再结晶以及晶内结晶学滑移,晶内位错密度随变形量增大而增加。扩散蠕变导致在横向晶界上形成新的条带区,出现晶界迁移和无沉淀区,同时存在晶内和晶界扩散。空洞在三角晶界处萌生,沿横向晶界方向的扩展连结,导致突然断裂。     

Sliding and Migration of Tilt Grain Boundaries in a Mg–Zn–Y Alloy

Sliding and migration of tilt grain boundaries in a Mg–Zn–Y alloy have been investigated on the atomic scale using aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. Grain boundary sliding is accommodated by non‐basal dislocations moving along the grain boundary; grain boundary migration is induced by the motion of grain boundary dislocations with synchronized grain boundary diffusion. Simultaneous sliding and migration of tilt boundaries take place in both Mg matrix and long period stacking ordered phases. These results provide evidence for occurrence of grain boundary motion, which may play a role in plasticity of this kind of Mg alloys.     

温轧态2618A铝合金高应变速率超塑性的研究

对温轧态２６１８Ａ铝合金在不同温度（４７０～５５０℃）和应变速率为１０￣（－３）～１０￣（０）ｓ￣（－１）范围内的超塑性进行了研究，确定了最佳超塑性变形规范：在５００～５３０℃温度范围内，应变速率为２．８×１０￣（－１）ｓ￣（－１）的条件下，可获得大于２３０％的延伸率，表明该合金具有高应变速率超塑性的特性。     

A study of the influence of grain boundaries on short crack growth during varying load using a dislocation technique

The propagation of short cracks in the neighbourhood of grain boundaries have been investigated using a technique were the crack is modelled by distributed dislocation dipoles and the plastic deformation is represented by discrete dislocations. Discrete dislocations are emitted from the crack tip as the crack grows. Dislocations can also nucleate at the grain boundaries. The influence on crack growth characteristics of the distance between the initial crack tip and the grain boundary has been studied. It was found that crack growth rate is strongly correlated to the dislocation pile-ups at the grain boundaries.     

Localization of Strain Rate at Mesoscale and Its Effect on the Measured Strain Rate Sensitivity During Superplastic Deformation

Microstructural observations on specimens deformed in regions I, II and III of superplasticity suggest that the dislocation activity is restricted to limited grains in region I but spreads to almost all grains in the region III. Analysis has been carried out to show that the transition from the localized plastic flow in region I to relatively homogeneous plastic flow in region III significantly contributes to the high strain rate sensitivity observed in region II.     

锌黄环氧酯底漆的电化学阻抗谱特性

利用电化学阻抗（EIS）技术对铝合金结构件上的锌黄环氧酯底漆进行了研究，提出了相关有效电路。结果表明，浸泡中期，随着浸泡时间的延长，涂膜电阻有一定程度的增加。     

Acoustic Emission (AE) Monitoring of Open Die and Closed Die Forging Processes of Al Alloy

Acoustic emission (AE) generated during open die and closed die forging processes of Al alloy has been studied. AE generated during both types of the forging processes could be differentiated into three stages, namely, yielding of the workpiece material upon start of forging, intermediate deformation and filling of the die. The effect of lubrication on the AE generated during open die forging was also studied. This showed that AE increases with decreasing lubrication of the workpiece thus enabling AE to detect lubrication inadequacy/breakdown during the forging process.